• Chest computed tomography imaging examination revealed an irregular thickened pericardium with large amounts of pericardial effusion and a small pleural effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Chest computed tomography revealed an irregular, thickened pericardium with diffuse enhancement, with loculated large amounts of pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions ( Fig. 1A ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pleural effusions are common and may obscure the presence of the underlying pleural thickening. (medscape.com)
  • Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
  • However, several mechanisms have been proposed, such as through lymphatic channels, blood vessels, and peritoneal cavity 9 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Diffuse pleural thickening or extensive lobular pleural-based masses are seen in about 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of mesothelioma should be made with care. (medscape.com)
  • A clinical history of asbestos exposure and radiologic findings that are consistent with mesothelioma warrant inclusion of mesothelioma in the differential diagnosis, but it is important to stress that a diagnosis of mesothelioma cannot be made exclusively with imaging studies. (medscape.com)
  • Biopsy with special staining and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis are absolutely essential for the accurate diagnosis of mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
  • Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid malignant mesothelioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CT is the imaging modality of choice to assess pleural disease and has shown sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormally thickened endometrium on imaging may occur for a number of reasons which may be categorized based on whether or not they are related to pregnancy. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 2. Nalaboff KM, Pellerito JS, Ben-levi E. Imaging the endometrium: disease and normal variants. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Lung nodules and hilar masses usually result from direct mesothelioma tumor extension into the lung parenchyma and mediastinal structures, such as lymph nodes, the pericardium, and the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanical distortion of the hemithorax, chest wall masses, periosteal rib reaction or rib destruction by the tumor are signs of advanced disease. (medscape.com)
  • They appear as solitary or multiple irregular hypoechoic masses with heterogeneous echotexture and increased echogenicity in the surrounding mesentery and omentum on USG and show increased internal vascularity on colour Doppler. (sajr.org.za)
  • therefore, disease extent is frequently underestimated in radiographs. (medscape.com)
  • The most common mesothelioma finding on radiographs is unilateral, concentric, plaquelike, or nodular pleural thickening (as seen in the images below). (medscape.com)
  • They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
  • Strong contrast enhancement is usually seen in the solid component or the wall of the intratumoral cyst 5 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The radiographic findings of mesothelioma are nonspecific and are observed in other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and benign asbestos disease. (medscape.com)
  • The tumor frequently extends into the fissures, which become thickened and irregular in contour. (medscape.com)
  • More common diseases, such as benign asbestos-related pleural disease and metastatic adenocarcinoma , can look radiographically identical to mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Examination of a surgically resected specimen revealed a grayish‑white thickening of the pericardium, with a straw‑colored mucinous pericardial effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This can be accomplished with a minimally invasive approach (ie, laparoscopy), which allows for safe, directed peritoneal lavage for cytology, or with open abdominal exploration and palpation of the peritoneal surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • Laparoscopy is minimally invasive and allows for safe, directed peritoneal lavage. (medscape.com)
  • The workup of peritoneal lesions includes peritoneal lavage cytology. (medscape.com)
  • In malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, findings from cytologic examination of ascites can suggest the diagnosis, and findings from percutaneous biopsy of the omentum can help verify the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • These include the presence of ascites, fixing together of bowel loops, thickening of mesentery, and omental matting. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas produce CT findings that range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
  • Standard imaging tests, including ultrasonography and helical computed tomography (CT) scans, are notably insensitive for the detection of peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Peritoneal carcinomas are divided into primary and secondary peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with unresectable or recurrent malignant mesothelioma, palliative systemic chemotherapy should be considered. (medscape.com)
  • Direct visualization of the peritoneal surfaces along with palpation of the abdominal contents is by far the most sensitive modality for detecting peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Open abdominal exploration and palpation are extremely sensitive for 1- to 2-mm peritoneal nodules. (medscape.com)
  • The radiographic findings of mesothelioma are nonspecific and are observed in other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and benign asbestos disease. (medscape.com)
  • A pelvic imaging study, if there is clinical suspicion of peritoneal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • The management of peritoneal carcinoma is similar to that of epithelial cancers of ovarian and fallopian tube, due to similar clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • CT is the imaging modality of choice to assess pleural disease and has shown sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Preoperative imaging of the abdomen and pelvis plays an important role in determining the extent of peritoneal disease in patients who are being considered for cytoreductive surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Peritoneal lavage can be performed using a percutaneous closed technique or at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy. (medscape.com)
  • PCI measures the size and extent of peritoneal tumor at laparotomy. (medscape.com)
  • therefore, disease extent is frequently underestimated in radiographs. (medscape.com)
  • More common diseases, such as benign asbestos-related pleural disease and metastatic adenocarcinoma , can look radiographically identical to mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinomas originate from the cells lining the peritoneum. (medscape.com)
  • Secondary peritoneal carcinomas usually invade locally or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs. (medscape.com)
  • CT is limited in detecting small peritoneal metastases. (medscape.com)
  • The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and the ability to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical latency period between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma development is 35-40 years, and as a result, the number of mesothelioma patients has continued to rise despite decreased asbestos production. (medscape.com)
  • Epithelial cancers of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal origin are known as epithelial ovarian cancer in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • In one study, MRI more accurately predicted peritoneal cancer index (PCI) preoperatively in patients undergoing evaluation for cytoreductive surgery than CT. (medscape.com)
  • Dual-time point imaging after carbonated water may increase the accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for the imaging of peritoneal cancer in patients affected by colorectal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal cancer has been linked to certain variants of BRCA1/2 . (medscape.com)
  • Women with higher risk of ovarian cancer also have increased risk of peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)