Membranes reduction of mitochondrial mitochondrial dynamics. Medical search. Frequent questions

Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. (frontiersin.org)
We speculate that PMP22 may promote mitochondrial dysfunction, myelin having a role in mitochondrial metabolism. (fortuneonline.org)
The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced energy supply, impaired neuroplasticity, and finally cell death as one major pathomechanism underlying the continuum from brain aging over mild cognitive impairment to initial and advanced late onset Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Find out how microplate readers advance research into mitochondrial dysfunction and different neurodegenerative diseases. (bmglabtech.com)
In this blog, we look at the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. (bmglabtech.com)
We also discuss how microplate readers can be used in neuroscience research to reveal the impact mitochondrial dysfunction has on health. (bmglabtech.com)
Many factors can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction including genetic mutations, aging, environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, and metabolic disorders. (bmglabtech.com)
Several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
Evidence also points to multiple genes being linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
Altered mitochondrial dynamics, including excessive fission and fusion of mitochondria, also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
This can impair processes like mitochondrial transport and the clearance of proteins leading to bioenergetic deficits and neuronal dysfunction. (bmglabtech.com)
In Parkinson's disease, a strong link between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease-associated genes has been documented. (bmglabtech.com)
Alterations in pyruvate flux and MQC are associated with reactive oxygen species accumulation and Ca 2+ flux into the mitochondria, which can induce mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation. (molcells.org)
Many studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a key contributor to cell loss in Parkinson disease (PD). (nature.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been associated with ageing and most of the so-called age-related diseases [ 13 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. (actanaturae.ru)

The metabolic enhancer piracetam has been proposed as possible prototype for those compounds by increasing impaired mitochondrial function and related aspects like mechanisms of neuroplasticity. (nih.gov)

Recent study at IMBB, published in Cell Death and Disease revealed that CISD-1, an iron sulfur cluster binding protein implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome type 2, modulates longevity and proteostasis by engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (forth.gr)
It has been shown that, in mammalian mitochondria, almost all of complex I is assembled into a supercomplex and directly interacts with complex III, and that impairment of complex III assembly results in a severe reduction in the amount of complex I (Acin-Perez et … We attribute the complex I autophagy defect to the inability to increase MAMs, limiting phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD) activity and mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine (mtPE), which support autophagy. (gowebamerica.com)
While ERRγ deletion did not fully recapitulate the transcriptional alterations observed in postmortem tissue, it caused reductions in genes involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function and autophagy. (nature.com)
To test our hypothesis that E-64d confers neuroprotective effects by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial pathway activity, we simulated neuronal excitotoxicity in vitro using an immortalized hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22). (omicsdi.org)
In addition, E-64d treatment regulated mitochondrial pathway activity and inhibited chaperone-mediated autophagy in HT22 cells. (omicsdi.org)

Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)
Mitochondrial maintenance crucially depends on the quality control of proteins by various chaperones, proteases and repair enzymes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Moreover, lateral motility of membrane proteins was analyzed by calculating diffusion coefficients and kymograph analysis, which represented an alternative method for examining protein motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics due to mutations in proteins involved in the fusion-fission machinery represent an important pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
The most relevant proteins involved in the mitochondrial fusion process are three GTPase dynamin-like proteins: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), in the inner membrane. (centrodinoferrari.com)
In the second step, fusion of the inner membranes requires a motor-like process driven by OPA1 and coordinated by various other proteins, including the prohibitins. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Apoptosis induction potential of each compound determined by mitochondrial membrane potential analysis (Rho123), cleaved caspase-3 expression analysis by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining and cell morphology analysis by giemza, hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou protocols. (ijpsonline.com)
In the cell morphology analyzes, chromatin condensation and marginalization, changes in the cell membrane, ghost cells and apoptotic bodies were observed as evidence of apoptosis formation. (ijpsonline.com)
For instance, the association of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in a juxtaposition known as Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), has an important role in controlling mitochondria biogenesis, Ca 2+ release, and lipid synthesis and apoptosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes generate the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is essential to produce cellular energy, ATP. (substack.com)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

While OPA1 has been characterized for its role in mitochondrial cristae structure and organelle fusion, possible effects of OPA1 on mitochondrial function have not been determined.Mitochondria from six ADOA patients bearing OPA1 mutations and ten ADOA patients with unidentified gene mutations were studied for respiratory capacity and electron transport complex function. (omicsdi.org)

To determine whether the degree of vision loss is associated with the level of mitochondrial impairment, we examined mitochondrial function in lymphoblast cell lines obtained from six large Australian OPA1-linked ADOA pedigrees. (omicsdi.org)
In this review, we discuss the functional cross talk of proteostasis and mitostasis in cellular homeodynamics and the impairment of mitochondrial quality control during ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (hindawi.com)
This review provides an overview of the basic molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial fusion and focuses on the alteration in mitochondrial DNA amount resulting from impairment of mitochondrial dynamics. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Optic atrophy gene 1 (OPA1) is an inner membrane protein important for mitochondrial fusion. (omicsdi.org)
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation compensation may preserve vision in patients with OPA1-linked autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (omicsdi.org)
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (omicsdi.org)
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), a form of progressive bilateral blindness due to loss of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve deterioration, arises predominantly from mutations in the nuclear gene for the mitochondrial GTPase, OPA1. (omicsdi.org)

Reduced mitochondrial respiration and energy status have been found in many human pathological conditions including aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. (substack.com)
We show that betaine treatment leads to an upregulation of mitochondrial respiration and cytochrome c oxidase activity in H2.35 cells, the proposed rate limiting enzyme of ETC in vivo. (substack.com)
6/9) a clear defect in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and reduced respiration rates were observed in patients with poor vision. (omicsdi.org)
They carry out aerobic respiration, a process that involves the breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules to produce ATP through a series of interconnected reactions, including the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (bmglabtech.com)
In addition to less ATP production and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease show mitochondrial abnormalities that include altered shape, decreased density, and impaired respiration. (bmglabtech.com)
Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
Laser-captured microdissected (LCM) DAergic neurons from postmortem tissue of patients with Lewy-pathology revealed a deficiency in expression for nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and function 12 . (nature.com)

Protein accumulation is related to a disruption of mitochondrial activity associated with cell death and oxidative stress. (encyclopedia.pub)
The disruption of mitochondrial function is known to be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. (bmglabtech.com)
The disruption of mitochondrial function is a known contributor to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, although the precise details remain to be worked out. (bmglabtech.com)
In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We also review the literature describing the main disorders associated with the disruption of mitochondrial fusion. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Point mutations in various complex I subunits derived from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can also result in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. (gowebamerica.com)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is an inherited axonal peripheral neuropathy mainly caused by mutations in the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene encoding for the MFN2 protein, a GTPase involved in the mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. (fortuneonline.org)
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic dynamin-related GTPase, plays a central role in fission by promoting mitochondrial division through its oligomerization into multimeric spiral structures [5]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane depends on two GTPase family members: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). (centrodinoferrari.com)

Results suggest that the nuclear DNA mutations that give rise to ADOA in our patient population do not alter mitochondrial electron transport.We conclude that the pathophysiology of ADOA likely stems from the role of OPA1 in mitochondrial structure or fusion and not from OPA1 support of oxidative phosphorylation. (omicsdi.org)
Pyruvate metabolism, a key pathway in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, is crucial for energy homeostasis and mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including fusion/fission dynamics and mitophagy. (molcells.org)
Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)

Moreover, nonreversible mitochondrial damage targets the organelle to a specific autophagic removal, namely, mitophagy. (hindawi.com)

Moreover, understanding the function of complex I has also important biomedical implications, as many mutations in this enzyme are linked to human mitochondrial disorders. (gauss-centre.eu)
In addition, mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with an increased risk of the disease. (bmglabtech.com)
Galemou Yoga E, Haapanen O, Wittig I, Siegmund K, Sharma V, Zickermann V (2019) Mutations in a conserved loop in the PSST subunit of respiratory complex I affect ubiquinone binding and dynamics. (mitophysiology.org)

Structure and Dynamics of Respiratory Complex I: Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (gauss-centre.eu)
Respiratory complex I is the largest and most intricate enzyme of the respiratory chain and responsible for converting energy from the reduction of quinone into an electrochemical proton gradient. (gauss-centre.eu)
The energy conversion by these respiratory enzymes is achieved by pumping protons across a biological membrane. (gauss-centre.eu)
Since energy is required to move protons across the membrane, the enzymes of the respiratory chain use a series of exergonic chemical reactions and couple them to the proton translocation. (gauss-centre.eu)
Complex I is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain and it employs the energy from the electron transfer (eT) process from NADH to the quinone (Q) to pump four protons (H+) across the membrane. (gauss-centre.eu)
Complex I is the first enzyme in the respiratory chain, a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (gowebamerica.com)
These data suggest that OPA1 deficiency impairs OXPHOS efficiency, but compensation through increases in the distal complexes of the respiratory chain may preserve mitochondrial ATP production in patients who maintain normal vision. (omicsdi.org)
Respiratory complex I catalyses the reduction of ubiquinone (Q) from NADH coupled to proton pumping across the inner membrane of mitochondria. (mitophysiology.org)
The in-gel activity assay (IGA) is a powerful technique that uses enzymatic activity and compares intensities of detected bands in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes, and it is applicable to eukaryotic organisms. (biologists.com)

Impaired fission and fusion balance can also be induced by a reduction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) function as atractyloside which indicates the mPTP has similar effects on mitochondrial dynamics. (nih.gov)
Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. (plos.org)
Traditionally, MIRI can be due to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation, a reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO), Ca 2+ overload, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. (hindawi.com)

We provide step-by-step methodologies on how to acquire and assess these measures for inner membrane potential fluorescence fluctuations in laser-scanning two-photon microscope recordings of cardiac myocytes and neurons, that can be applied to other tissues as well. (johnshopkins.edu)

Glutamate excitotoxicity leads to fragmented mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases, mediated by nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1, a mitochondrial outer membrane fission protein. (omicsdi.org)

A major barrier for the efficacy of many clinically relevant anti-cancer drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, 5-flurouracil, cisplatin) is the passage of these molecules across biological membranes, whether in the context of transit across an endothelial monolayer or across the plasma membrane of the cancer cell itself [ 5 ]. (plos.org)
part of these networks is also established by contacts of the mitochondria with organelles (e.g., with endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and peroxisomes) [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

In 2017, it was found that SkQ has a strong antibacterial effect and is able to inhibit the activity of multidrug-resistant enzymes in bacteria Since 2019 the Skulachev project is developing mitochondrial antioxidants in several areas: synthesis and testing of new SkQ compounds, testing the effects on a variety of model systems and in different diseases. (wikipedia.org)
The electrical charging of the inner mitochondrial membrane drives the synthesis of ATP, which is used to power biochemical reactions of the cell. (mitophysiology.org)

OPA1 localizes to mitochondrial cristae in the inner membrane where electron transport chain complexes are enriched. (omicsdi.org)

USA.gov. [15], The N2 cluster's proximity to a nearby cysteine residue results in a conformational change upon reduction in the nearby helices, leading to small but important changes in the overall protein conformation. (gowebamerica.com)
Complex I is an L-shaped integral membrane protein. (gowebamerica.com)
10] The high reduction potential of the N2 cluster and the relative proximity of the other clusters in the chain enable efficient electron transfer over long distance in the protein (with transfer rates from NADH to N2 iron-sulfur cluster of about 100 μs). (gowebamerica.com)
Protein aggregation connected with dysfunctional protein degradation systems, mitochondrial perturbation related with cell death and oxidative stress were identified as mechanisms common to the two most-frequent neurodegenerative diseases in humans : Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. (encyclopedia.pub)
OPA1 is a fission-fusion protein involved in mitochondrial inner membrane remodelling. (omicsdi.org)
Hence, the applications for imaging protein localization and dynamics require high accuracy, particularly at high spatio-temporal level. (biomedcentral.com)
We provided experimental data for the applications of Variable-Angle Epifluorescence Microscopy (VAEM) in dissecting protein dynamics in plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study presented experimental evidence on illustrating the use of VAEM in tracking and dissecting protein dynamics, dissecting endosomal dynamics, cell structure assembly along with membrane microdomain and protein motility in intact plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

While these disorders can still be considered rare, defective mitochondrial dynamics seem to play a significant role in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of more common neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
The application of such a therapeutic strategy not only involves the treatment of symptoms, but also mainly addresses prevention of the fundamental pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and the reduction of cognitive abilities. (actanaturae.ru)

On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)

Mitochondrial Ca 2+ regulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which is central to pyruvate metabolism, by promoting its dephosphorylation. (molcells.org)

Pyruvate metabolism affects macrophage polarization, mitochondrial dynamics and MAM formation, which are critical in determining macrophage function and immune response. (molcells.org)
Metabolic reprogramming connected with pyruvate metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and MAM formation are important to macrophages polarization (M1/M2) and function. (molcells.org)
Transcript profiles associated with the energy metabolism including mitochondrial functions were identified to fluctuate during aging. (uni-frankfurt.de)
B[a]P caused enhanced metabolism of each dye assessed despite reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and was reversed by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
These results demonstrate differential sensitivity of standard cytotoxicity assessments on the PPP, thus (1) decoupling 'mitochondrial activity' as an interpretation of cellular formazan and Alamar Blue metabolism, and (2) demonstrating the implicit requirement for investigators to sufficiently verify interaction of these methods in routine cytotoxicity and proliferation characterization. (cdc.gov)

Perturbations of the mitochondrial network through oxidative stress can lead to coordinated, cluster-bound behavior in the form of synchronized limit-cycle oscillations of mitochondrial inner membrane potentials. (johnshopkins.edu)

1], The proposed pathway for electron transport prior to ubiquinone reduction is as follows: NADH - FMN - N3 - N1b - N4 - N5 - N6a - N6b - N2 - Q, where Nx is a labelling convention for iron sulfur clusters. (gowebamerica.com)

Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. (frontiersin.org)

MFN2 is also present in the endoplasmic reticulum, controlling its morphology and facilitating mitochondrial calcium influx from endoplasmic reticulum stores [8]. (centrodinoferrari.com)

abstract = "The functional and spatiotemporal organization of mitochondrial redox signaling networks can be studied in detail in cardiac myocytes and neurons by assessing the time-resolved signaling traits of their individual mitochondrial components. (johnshopkins.edu)

The major focus of the present thesis work is to further extent the use of long-lived dark transient states of fluorescence emitters in solution, lipid membranes and live cells. (albanova.se)
This the surface tension needed to wet lipid based cell membranes. (phisciences.com)

This research project focused on how the movement of electrons from NADH to the Q site leads to formation of quinol (QH2), and how this chemical process triggers proton pumping across the membrane (see Fig. 1). (gauss-centre.eu)
In mitochondria, it oxidizes NADH from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation, reduces ubiquinone, and transports protons across the inner membrane, contributing to the proton-motive force. (gowebamerica.com)
Cory Stephanson at the University of Minnesota, discovered that NADH, and Mitochondrial ATP production doubled when Flanagan Silica Hydride was added to living human and ovarian cell cultures. (phisciences.com)

Large-scale Molecular Dynamics simulations of the entire enzyme enabled the exploration of different aspects of its function. (gauss-centre.eu)
The use of precursors, enzymatic cofactors, and a variety of biological response modifiers which includes structured water and its kosmotropic properties in enzyme dynamics are part of the metabolic correction concept. (substack.com)
In-silico modeling and multiple microsecond long molecular dynamics simulations of wild-type and enzyme variants with exchanges of conserved arginine residues revealed remarkable ejection of the bound Q from the site near terminal electron donor N2. (mitophysiology.org)

Our results conclusively demonstrate that not only glutamate excitotoxicity and/or oxidative stress alters mitochondrial fission/fusion, but that an imbalance in mitochondrial fission/fusion in turn leads to NMDA receptor upregulation and oxidative stress. (omicsdi.org)
An interconnected highly integrated system of mitochondrial and cytosolic chaperones and proteases along with the fission/fusion machinery represents the surveillance scaffold of mitostasis. (hindawi.com)

Disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics may influence many cellular and molecular pathways, as calcium-dependent immune activation, transcription factors phosphorylation, cytokine secretion, organelle transference and even cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Following treatment, the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased and cellular energy levels were elevated. (substack.com)
USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. (plos.org)
Mitochondrial fusion and fission are fundamental processes underlying cellular dynamics [1]. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease. (frontiersin.org)

Molecular dynamics in the membrane calculated with a computer have shown that the length of the linker of 10 is optimal for the manifestation of antioxidant properties of SkQ1. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we summarize current understanding of the molecular signaling pathways that require mitochondrial adaptation and the metabolic reprogramming that occurs to meet metabolic demands. (molcells.org)
Different aspects of the interaction between peptides from the toxins' N-termini (StI1-31 and StI12-31 SELAGTIIDGASLTFEVLDKVLGELGKVSRK, and StII1-30 and StII11-30 ALAGTIIAGASLTFQVLDKVLEELGKVSRK) and model membranes - micelles and bilayers - have been studied to contribute to the elucidation of the toxins mechanism of action at the molecular level. (bvsalud.org)

The alteration of the mitochondrial network only when cells are challenged in aerobiosis testifies to the fragility of mitochondria, which are unable to meet the metabolic needs of neurons. (fortuneonline.org)
The time effects of acidic pH e stress were determined with respect to tumor cell proliferation, phenotypic regulation, autophagic control, metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial network dynamics, and metastatic potentials. (biomedcentral.com)
Rather, PDAC cells use a distinct and lengthy process of reversible adaptive plasticity centered on the early fast and later slow mitochondrial network dynamics and metabolic adjustment. (biomedcentral.com)
To achieve this goal, we propose the use of metabolic correction to improve the membrane function of the mitochondria. (substack.com)

These results support the hypothesis that the mutation in the MFN2 gene altering mitochondrial bioenergetics and fusion causes axonal sensory-motor neuropathy. (fortuneonline.org)
among them, mitochondrial fission 1 and mitochondrial fission factor have been proposed to be involved in DRP1 recruitment, although recent in vitro studies seem to not support this hypothesis [6, 7]. (centrodinoferrari.com)

This creates a potential difference across the membrane, similar as in a battery, that is used in subsequent steps to create new molecules that thermodynamically drive other biological processes. (gauss-centre.eu)
Sticholysins I and II, cytolysins purified from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, act by lysing biological and model membranes. (bvsalud.org)
While most of the involved components have been studied in some detail, little is known on the biological role of the CLPXP protease complex located in the mitochondrial matrix. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is associated with perturbation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) function and Ca 2+ flux. (molcells.org)

We observed putative pathways necessary to transfer protons across the membrane, and showed that these form at symmetry-related positions in the membrane domain of complex I (4). (gauss-centre.eu)

Membrane-embedded subunits are responsible for the proton translocation (pT) process, but the mechanism is far from being understood. (gauss-centre.eu)

A list of some of SkQ and substances with similar structure: Lipophilic cation determines the efficiency of penetration through the membranes into the mitochondrial matrix. (wikipedia.org)

Mitochondrial membrane potential was found at low levels in cells treated with Schiff base compounds and doxorubicin. (ijpsonline.com)
The reaction can be reversed - referred to as aerobic succinate-supported NAD+ reduction by ubiquinol - in the presence of a high membrane potential, but the exact catalytic mechanism remains unknown. (gowebamerica.com)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
Several studies suggest that targeting PGC-1α to improve mitochondrial function could be a potential therapeutic strategy. (nature.com)

We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)

These findings suggest the mPTP as an important target for the beneficial effects of piracetam on mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)

Recent research has revealed important correlation of mitochondrial dynamics and the pathophysiology of brain diseases, as Alzheimer's. (frontiersin.org)

Tetrazolium reduction and resazurin assays are the mainstay of routine in vitro toxicity batteries. (cdc.gov)

This thesis takes as one starting point the transient state (TRAST) spectroscopy technique, designed to monitor such long-lived, dark transient states, including triplet, photo-oxidation, photo-reduction and photo-isomerized states of fluorophores, by measuring how the time-averaged fluorescence signal detected in the sample is changed upon systematically varying the excitation modulation. (albanova.se)

Fission is necessary for proper mitochondrial transport, which depends on the specific energy demands of subcellular regions. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Besides, simultaneous VAEM tracking of cytoskeletal dynamics provided more insights into coordinated responses of actin filaments and microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)

It was found that GSOs reversed GLU-induced reductions in cell viability and the LDH release rate, and rescued ROS accumulation. (sdbonline.org)

Under oxidative stress conditions, ATP production was reduced and the proband cells showed a decrease of the mitochondrial fusion with small connected networks and a decrease of the mitochondrial volume. (fortuneonline.org)
These effects go parallel with improvement of impaired mitochondrial dynamics shifting back fission and fusion balance to the energetically more favorable fusion site. (nih.gov)
Before fusion, curving of the outer membranes is promoted by the phospholipase D-dependent hydrolysis of cardiolipin. (centrodinoferrari.com)

Further evidence suggests that during PD progression, transcriptional programs for the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial structure and function are disrupted 11 . (nature.com)
in fact, these genes are targets of the transcriptional coactivator and master regulator of transcription of mitochondrial genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) 12 . (nature.com)
Direct regulators of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes are members of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family, encoded by Esrra , Esrrb and Esrrg . (nature.com)

In the early 2000s, a group of researchers led by prof V. P. Skulachev in Moscow State University began the development of SkQ - the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, similar to MitoQ, but with the ubiquinone replaced with plastoquinone (more active analog of ubiquinone derived from plant chloroplasts). (wikipedia.org)

Thus, quantifiable measures of both coupling mechanisms, local dynamic mitochondrial coupling constants and functional clustering coefficients, are likely to offer valuable information on mitochondrial network organization. (johnshopkins.edu)
Here, the role of GCC in regulating normal enterocyte dynamics along the crypt-villus axis and the corruption of those mechanisms in tumorigenesis were explored. (jefferson.edu)

In 1970, the use of the TPP for targeting the delivery of compounds to the mitochondrial matrix was proposed. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms1

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes23

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Dysfunction17

Impaired mitochondrial function1

Autophagy5

Proteins8

Apoptosis3

Generate the mitochondrial2

Role in mitochondrial1

Impairment3

Optic atrophy4

Respiration7

Disruption5

MtDNA2

GTPase3

Oxidative phosphorylation3

Mitophagy1

Mutations3

Respiratory9

Permeability3

Inner membrane potential1

Outer membrane1

Plasma membrane2

Synthesis2

Complexes1

Protein8

Neurodegenerative diseases2

Diminished cell1

Regulates1

Metabolism5

Perturbations1

Pathway1

Homeostasis1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Abstract1

Lipid2

NADH3

Enzyme3

Fission-fusion2

Cellular4

Neuroinflammation1

Molecular3

Metabolic4

Hypothesis2

Biological3

Perturbation1

Pathways1

Subunits1

Substances1

Potential4

Phenotype1

MPTP1

Alzheimer's1

Vitro1

Fluorescence1

Depends1

Microtubules1

Cell viability1

Fusion3

Genes3

Ubiquinone1

Mechanisms2

Compounds1