Membrane sodium chloride symporters. Medical search. Frequent questions

Studies of bacterial NSS homologues-including LeuT-have shown how their transmembrane helices (TMs) undergo conformational changes during the transport cycle, exposing a central binding site to either side of the membrane 1,6-12 . (rcsb.org)
Once dopamine binds, the protein undergoes a conformational change, which allows both sodium and dopamine to unbind on the intracellular side of the membrane. (cloudfront.net)
The concentration gradient may exist across a biological membrane, where the concentration is higher on one side of the membrane compared to the other side. (physiologyweb.com)
The extent of the elevator-like movement of the transport domain is so large (~20 Å in Glt Tk ) that HP2 acts as a gating element both on the extracellular and the intracellular side of the membrane. (nature.com)
However, the mechanism of gating on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane remains ambiguous. (elifesciences.org)

The NCC protein forms homodimers at the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
This posttranslational modification is necessary for proper folding and transport of the protein to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
NCC activity is known to have two control mechanisms affecting protein trafficking to the plasma membrane and transporter kinetics by phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of conserved serine/threonine residues. (wikipedia.org)
As NCC has to be at the plasma membrane to function, its activity can be regulated by increasing or decreasing the amount of protein at the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Some NCC modulators, such as the WNK3 and WNK4 kinases may regulate the amount of NCC at the cell surface by inducing the insertion or removal, respectively, of the protein from the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Type II mutations cause a partial loss of NCC function in which the cotransporter is trafficked to the cell surface but has an impaired insertion in the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. (musc.edu)
Chloride-transporting proteins (CLC) play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. (t3db.ca)
The driving force for DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake is the ion concentration gradient generated by the plasma membrane Na + /K + ATPase . (cloudfront.net)
Cloride (Cl − ) plays an important role in several physiological processes such as the action potential of skeletal muscle cells, CO 2 transport in blood (via Cl − /bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membrane of red blood cells), and many other processes. (physiologyweb.com)

Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" by people in this website by year, and whether "Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

In addition to its functions as an electrolyte, chloride combines with hydrogen in the stomach to make hydrochloric acid, a powerful digestive enzyme that is responsible for the break down of proteins, absorption of other metallic minerals, and activation of intrinsic factor, which in turn absorbs vitamin B12. (t3db.ca)
It is the mode of transport which involves the expenditure of cellular energy and is often carried out against a concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration) with the help of special membrane or carrier proteins. (aakash.ac.in)
Transport proteins that are involved in this type of transport are referred to as cotransporters or symporters. (physiologyweb.com)
Movement across a biological membrane is more complicated and is a function of lipid solubility of the ion/molecule as well as the presence of channels or transport proteins that can allow the ion/molecule to cross the membrane (see Lipid Bilayer Permeability and Summary of Membrane Transport Processes ). (physiologyweb.com)
Oppositely oriented Glt Tk proteins showed the same transport kinetics, consistent with the use of an identical gating element on both sides of the membrane. (nature.com)
These proteins harness the sodium ion gradient to transport bile acids across the plasma membranes of enterocytes of the terminal ileum and hepatocytes, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. (ouhsc.edu)

The dopamine and noradrenaline transporters, together with SERT, are members of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) family. (rcsb.org)
Both reentrant loops of the sodium-coupled glutamate transporters contain molecular determinants of cation selectivity. (libguides.com)
Molecular determinants of substrate specificity in sodium-coupled glutamate transporters. (libguides.com)
Bicarbonate transporters that move BICARBONATE IONS in exchange of CHLORIDE IONS or SODIUM IONS across membranes. (rush.edu)
Studies using electrophysiology and radioactive-labeled dopamine have confirmed that the dopamine transporter is similar to other monoamine transporters in that one molecule of neurotransmitter can be transported across the membrane with one or two sodium ions. (cloudfront.net)
It is well-established that the secondary active transporters Glt Tk and Glt Ph catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. (nature.com)
To overcome the complication that purified transporters may adopt right-side-out or inside-out membrane orientations upon reconstitution, thereby confounding the kinetic analysis, we employed a rapid method using synthetic nanobodies to inactivate one population. (nature.com)
These transporters, many of which are sodium-coupled, have been shown to use an elevator mechanism of transport, but exactly how substrate binding is coupled to sodium ion binding and transport is not clear. (elifesciences.org)
The manuscript represents an important contribution to an ongoing discussion about the substrate binding site and mechanism of the Bile Acid Sodium Symporter (BASS) family of transporters. (elifesciences.org)
Sodium and aspartate symporter Glt Ph is an archaeal homolog of human glutamate transporters, which clear the neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic cleft following rounds of neurotransmission ( Danbolt, 2001 ). (elifesciences.org)
Briefly, the transporters are homotrimers with each protomer consisting of a centrally located scaffold or trimerization domain and a peripheral transport domain that harbors the L-aspartate (L-asp) and three sodium (Na + ) ions binding sites. (elifesciences.org)

It is a member of the SLC12 cotransporter family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride cotransporters. (wikipedia.org)
The sodium-chloride symporter or NCC is a member of the SLC12 cotransporter family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride cotransporter, along with the potassium-chloride cotransporters (K+-Cl− cotransporters or KCCs), the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters (Na+-K+-Cl− cotransporters or NKCCs) and orphan member CIP (cotransporter interacting protein) and CCC9. (wikipedia.org)

A family of sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters that transport the amino acid GLYCINE. (childrensmercy.org)

The sodium-chloride symporter (also known as Na+-Cl− cotransporter, NCC or NCCT, or as the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter or TSC) is a cotransporter in the kidney which has the function of reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid into the cells of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. (wikipedia.org)
Because NCC is located at the apical membrane of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, it faces the lumen of the tubule and is in contact with the tubular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Using the sodium gradient across the apical membrane of the cells in distal convoluted tubule, the sodium-chloride symporter transports Na+ and Cl− from the tubular fluid into these cells. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. (drugbank.com)
By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)

NCC activity can be inhibited by thiazides, which is why this symporter is also known as the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter. (wikipedia.org)
As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. (drugbank.com)
and a sodium borate cotransporter (SLC4A11 protein). (rush.edu)
TMS IV of the high-affinity sodium-glucose cotransporter participates in sugar binding ( Liu et al . (tcdb.org)

Results: ANO1 mRNA was detected in human thyroid tissue and FRTL-5 thyrocytes, and ANO1 protein was localized to the apical membrane of follicular cells. (unisalento.it)

Calcium activated iodide efflux was also observed in CHO cells over expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) and ANO1. (unisalento.it)
And let's not forget about the sodium-iodide symporter . (casi.org)

Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. (drugbank.com)

To maintain charge neutrality on the outside of cells every sodium cation is followed by a chloride anion. (hawaii.edu)
The chloride ion is an essential anion that the body needs for many critical functions. (t3db.ca)
There is also a growing body of evidence that the perchlorate anion may be reduced to chloride by plants. (cdc.gov)

A type of secondary active transport across a biological membrane in which a transport protein couples the movement of an ion (usually Na + or H + ) down its electrochemical gradient to the movement of another ion or molecule against a concentration or electrochemical gradient. (physiologyweb.com)

NCC harboring type II mutations have normal kinetic properties but are present in lower amounts at the cell surface, resulting in a decreased uptake of sodium and chloride. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we systematically measured aspartate uptake rates in proteoliposomes containing purified Glt Tk , and derived the rate equation for a mechanism in which two sodium ions bind before and another after aspartate. (nature.com)
It is capable of transporting a variety organic anions and mediates sodium-independent uptake of bile in the liver. (nih.gov)
Sodium is required for iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and certain other tissues. (casi.org)

The sodium-chloride symporter's protein sequence has a high degree of identity between different mammalian species (over 90% between human, rat and mouse). (wikipedia.org)
The transport protein, called the glucose symporter, uses the sodium gradient to power glucose movement into the cell. (hawaii.edu)
Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. (t3db.ca)
The mechanism of action of Lasix involves the inhibition of the Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter, a protein located on the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in the kidneys. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)
The dopamine transporter ( DAT ) also ( sodium-dependent dopamine transporter ) is a membrane-spanning protein coded for in the human by the SLC6A3 gene , (also known as DAT1 ), that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol . (cloudfront.net)
DAT is an integral membrane protein that removes dopamine from the synaptic cleft and deposits it into surrounding cells, thus terminating the signal of the neurotransmitter. (cloudfront.net)
The BASS family is characterised by two helices that cross-over in the centre of the protein in an arrangement that is intricately held together by two sodium ions. (elifesciences.org)

The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. (drugbank.com)

Other NCC modulators, including intracellular chloride depletion, angiotensin II, aldosterone and vasopressin, can regulate NCC activity by phosphorylating conserved serine/threonine residues. (wikipedia.org)

The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates neurotransmitter homeostasis through the sodium- and chloride-dependent recycling of serotonin into presynaptic neurons 1-3 . (rcsb.org)

Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
The cell (or more specifically the numerous sodium-potassium pumps in its membrane) continuously pumps sodium ions out to establish a chemical gradient. (hawaii.edu)
You will soon learn that this charge gradient and the sodium-potassium pump are also essential for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. (hawaii.edu)
These studies have also shown that transport rate and direction is totally dependent on the sodium gradient. (cloudfront.net)
Because of the tight coupling of the membrane potential and the sodium gradient, activity-induced changes in membrane polarity can dramatically influence transport rates. (cloudfront.net)
The cellular energy used in active transport helps to move the molecules against any sort of resistance as is posed by a negative concentration gradient or the polar repulsion between the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and hydrophilic substances to be transported across it. (aakash.ac.in)
As part of the sodium-potassium ATP pumps it's crucial for maintaining a proper electrochemical gradient across cell membranes and "tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for nerve impulse transmission muscle contraction and cardiac function . (casi.org)

During molecular dynamics simulations the pantoate remains in this position when sodium ions are present but is more mobile in their absence. (elifesciences.org)

This gene encodes a dopamine transporter which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family. (illumina.com)

Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the LOOP OF HENLE and KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL. (umassmed.edu)

The transport domains are mobile and move through the lipid bilayer (alike an elevator) when translocating the amino acid substrate and co-transported ions across the membrane 13 . (nature.com)
We report Cryo-EM structures of Glt Ph reconstituted into nanodiscs, including those structurally constrained in the cytoplasm-facing state and either apo, bound to sodium ions only, substrate, or blockers. (elifesciences.org)

Perhaps those who follow Paleo diets and do a lot of intense exercise are following an innate biological drive for sodium when they revel in bacon! (casi.org)

Solutes at different concentrations on either side of a selectively permeable membrane exert a force, called osmotic pressure. (hawaii.edu)
When the osmotic pressure is equal to the pressure of the water on the selectively permeable membrane, net water movement stops (though it still diffuses back and forth at an equal rate). (hawaii.edu)

Afterward, the Na+ is pumped out of the cell and into the bloodstream by the Na+-K+ ATPase located at the basal membrane and the Cl− leaves the cells through the basolateral chloride channel ClC-Kb. (wikipedia.org)
A very common ATPase driven ion pump found universally in all animal cells is the sodium-potassium pump, which helps in the maintenance of membrane potential of the cells. (aakash.ac.in)

Sodium and glucose both move into the cell. (hawaii.edu)
The absence of glucose, Na + , a membrane potential in vesicles, or the directionality of water flow did not grossly altered the pf. (tcdb.org)
They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE. (ouhsc.edu)

This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. (drugbank.com)
The sodium-potassium pump is the primary mechanism for cells to maintain water balance between themselves and their surrounding environment. (hawaii.edu)
Edema ) and dysnatremias ( hyponatremia Hyponatremia Hyponatremia is defined as a decreased serum sodium (sNa+) concentration less than 135 mmol/L. Serum sodium is the greatest contributor to plasma osmolality, which is very tightly controlled via antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release from the hypothalamus and by the thirst mechanism. (lecturio.com)
145 mmol/L. Serum sodium is the greatest contributor to plasma osmolality, which is very tightly controlled by the hypothalamus via the thirst mechanism and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. (lecturio.com)

These experiments have indicated that most likely two sodium ions bind first, then aspartate, and finally the third sodium ion. (nature.com)
The structural bases of their function are well established, particularly within a model archaeal homolog, sodium, and aspartate symporter Glt Ph . (elifesciences.org)

The bile acid sodium symporter (BASS) family transports a wide array of molecules across membranes, including bile acids in humans, and small metabolites in plants. (elifesciences.org)

Active transport helps in moving metal ions, such as Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ across the cell membrane with the help of ion pumps or ion channels. (aakash.ac.in)

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process. (wakehealth.edu)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. (t3db.ca)
The transport of substances across the cell membrane can either be active or passive. (aakash.ac.in)
The type of active transport that uses chemical energy in the form of ATP for transporting molecules across a membrane is known as primary or direct active transport. (aakash.ac.in)
An electrogenic transport process is one that leads to the translocation of net charge across the membrane. (physiologyweb.com)

Chloride is a prominent negatively charged ion of the blood, where it represents 70% of the body's total negative ion content. (t3db.ca)

The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. (t3db.ca)
It works by blocking the absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the nephrons of the kidneys, which leads to an increased excretion of water and electrolytes. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)
It works by inhibiting the absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidneys, which results in increased urine production. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)

Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is a calcium activated chloride channel (CaCC), and this study aims to investigate its contribution to iodide fluxes in thyroid cells. (unisalento.it)

INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM. (lookformedical.com)

Cyclothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. (drugbank.com)

The sodium-chloride symporter accounts for the absorption of 5% of the salt filtered at the glomerulus. (wikipedia.org)

Hypernatremia occurs either from a lack of access to water or an excessive intake of sodium. (lecturio.com)

Every cycle of the sodium-potassium pump involves the movement of three sodium ions out of a cell, in exchange for two potassium ions into a cell. (hawaii.edu)
The unequal movement of the positively charged sodium and potassium ions makes intracellular fluid more negatively charged than the extracellular fluid. (hawaii.edu)
It helps to move three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange of every two potassium ions that is brought into the cell by directly utilising energy in the form of ATP. (aakash.ac.in)
Once the neurone reaches peak polarisation the sodium channels close and the potassium channels open allowing the flow of potassium ions out of the cell - this is called repolarization. (ncl.ac.uk)
During repolarisation, too many potassium ions move out of the cell causing the membrane potential to fall too low therefore resulting in hyperpolarisation. (ncl.ac.uk)

It is expressed primarily by renal epithelial cells and functions as a co-transporter of sodium and sulfate, to mediate sulfate reabsorption in the kidney. (nih.gov)

To restore balance, the sodium-potassium pump transfers sodium back to the extracellular fluid and water follows. (hawaii.edu)

The force driving the water movement through the selectively permeable membrane is the higher solute concentration on the one side. (hawaii.edu)
The constant work of the sodium-potassium pump maintains the solute equilibrium and consequently, water distribution between intracellular and extracellular fluids. (hawaii.edu)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 (Solute carrier family 6 member 20) (Neurotransmitter transporter rB21A homolog). (yellowcouch.org)

Thus, glutamate gradients of a million-fold across the membrane under resting conditions can be sustained. (nature.com)

DAT is a symporter that moves dopamine across the cell membrane by coupling the movement to the energetically-favorable movement of sodium ions moving from high to low concentration into the cell. (cloudfront.net)
Hence water from the soil crosses the semipermeable cell membrane and enters the root hair cell, from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration by the process of osmosis. (aakash.ac.in)

Some of the unpleasant symptoms people experience on a very low carb diet especially during the initial transition away from a habitually high carb intake-such as fatigue headaches dizziness and nausea-are the result of insufficient electrolytes sodium most importantly. (casi.org)
The sodium needs to be replaced along with other electrolytes. (casi.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes21

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science2

Health Care1

Side of the membrane5

Plasma membrane12

Inhibitors3

Proteins7

Transporters11

Cotransporters2

Neurotransmitter symporters1

Distal convol6

Cotransporter4

Apical membrane1

Iodide Symporter2

Thiazide sensitive1

Anion3

Molecule1

Uptake4

Protein7

Basolateral Membrane1

Modulators1

NEURONS1

Gradient7

Ions are present1

Dopamine transporter1

Thick asce1

Substrate2

Biological1

Osmotic2

ATPase2

Glucose3

Mechanism4

Aspartate2

Transports1

Pumps1

Transport5

Negatively charged ion1

Kidneys3

Thyroid1

Regulate1

Excretion1

Absorption1

Hypernatremia1

Potassium ions5

EPITHELIAL CELLS1

Extracellular fluid1

Solute3

Glutamate1

Concentration2

ELECTROLYTES2