Melanin pigments biological. Medical search. Frequent questions

Melanosomes are found inside melanin-producing pigment cells called melanocytes. (ou.edu)
Although all humans have the same number of melanocytes, the amount of melanin they produce differs and gives rise to the variation in human skin color. (ou.edu)
Using CRISPR, we systematically removed more than 20,000 genes from hundreds of millions of melanocytes and observed the impact on melanin production. (ou.edu)
Using in vitro cell cultures, Bajpai developed a novel method to achieve this goal that detects and quantifies the melanin-producing activity of melanocytes. (ou.edu)
By passing light through the melanocytes, he could record if the light was either absorbed or scattered by the melanin inside. (ou.edu)
The researchers were able to visualize every cell containing melanin, called melanocytes, in the fish, and map each of their positions in 3D. (sciencedaily.com)
This protein is located in melanocytes, which are specialized cells that produce a pigment called melanin. (medlineplus.gov)
Within melanocytes, the P protein may transport molecules into and out of structures called melanosomes (where melanin is produced). (medlineplus.gov)
Melanin synthesis is compartmentalized within the melanosome, in specialized pigment cells (melanocytes). (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
We reasoned that an accumulation of melanin within melanosomes would change melanocytes' light-scattering properties. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Bajpai developed a novel method to detect and quantify the melanin-producing activity of melanocytes: Passing light through the melanocytes, he could record whether the light was absorbed or scattered by the melanin. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Consistent with their melanin-promoting role, the expression of the majority of our screen hits is elevated in darkly pigmented, compared with lightly pigmented, human melanocytes. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Firstly, your hair color is determined by melanin, a pigment produced by cells called melanocytes. (melanobars.com)
As you age, these melanocytes become less active and eventually stop producing melanin altogether. (melanobars.com)
Superior cells in the skin called melanocytes make Melanin. (prohealthsite.com)
We all have the same number of melanocytes, but some people make more Melanin than others. (prohealthsite.com)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers have uncovered a protein that stops the growth of melanoma, a cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells in the skin called melanocytes. (healthnewstrack.com)
Melanoma is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes, whose pigment, melanin, protects the skin against the sun's ultraviolet rays. (healthnewstrack.com)
Physiologic pigmentation, also known as racial or ethnic pigmentation, is an increased production of melanin pigment by melanocytes in dark-skinned individuals. (medscape.com)

The Casadevall laboratory is also interested in targeting melanin for the treatment of melanoma, a type of skin cancer, and in exploring the capacity of melanin in capturing electromagnetic radition, which may be used by fungi as a form of photosynthesis. (jhu.edu)
By understanding what regulates melanin, we can help protect lighter-skinned people from melanoma, or skin cancer," Bajpai said. (ou.edu)
The aberrant metabolism of H 2 S is involved in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases, such as vascular disorders, psoriasis, ulcers, pigment disorders, and melanoma. (hindawi.com)
To understand the biological underpinnings of skin and hair pigmentation and related diseases such as albinism or melanoma, scientists and doctors need quantitative, three-dimensional information about the architecture, content and location of pigment cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Spencer Katz, an MD/PhD medical scientist training program student on Cheng's team, has modified this micro-CT technique to specifically investigate melanin, a pigment scientists are studying in human skin color and melanoma research, in whole zebrafish. (sciencedaily.com)
Moles, also known as nevi, and melanoma often result from the same genetic mutation, and the biological pathway that differentiates the two had been a mystery. (healthnewstrack.com)

The technological processes developed and used by the research team could also be applied to identify genes that regulate melanin production in fungi and bacteria. (ou.edu)
Melanin production in fungi and bacteria enables them to be more pathogenic to humans or crops. (ou.edu)
Pigments produced by fungi are chemically complex molecules that carry out a number of different functions for the producing organism including resistance to environmental stresses such as UV irradiation, heat and oxidative stress. (usda.gov)
This review gathers available research and discusses current knowledge on the formation of pigments in the Aspergillus group of fungi, especially those pigments associated with reproductive and survival structures such as conidia and sclerotia. (usda.gov)
Bajpai's method of targeting melanin-producing genes could lead to prevention of fungi- and bacteria-related diseases in humans and crops. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Sub-acute toxicity of a natural pigment melanin, produced by Antarctic yeast-like fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea was studied in rats. (kiev.ua)
The melanin producer is yeast-like fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea (formerly Nadsoniella nigra, strain X-1) from the Antarctic, sown in the Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv from samples of vertical rocks of Galindez Island of the Argentine Archipelago (The Vernadsky Research Base, Ukrainian Antarctic Station) [11]. (kiev.ua)

The COMMD3 protein regulated melanin synthesis by controlling the acidity of melanosomes. (ou.edu)
The synthesis of melanin within the melanosomes varies, which is why human skin, hair, and eye color vary. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Naturally present in human skin cells, cysteamine regulates melanin synthesis in the skin. (ardenskincare.com)
However, due to the abnormal pigments' synthesis, being responsible for skin color in accumulation of melanin, the formation of pigment humans. (bvsalud.org)

By targeting these new melanin genes, we could also develop melanin-modifying drugs for vitiligo and other pigmentation diseases. (ou.edu)
Although the exact function of the P protein is unknown, it is essential for normal pigmentation and is likely involved in the production of melanin. (medlineplus.gov)
A recent study has revealed 135 previously unknown genes that play important roles in regulating melanin production in humans-and that could lead to melanin-modifying drugs for vitiligo and other pigmentation diseases. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Therefore, a method based on pigment response (Meirowsky pigmentation) was developed to account for the immediate brown pigmentation on the skin (due to the oxidation of melanin pigments) caused by the entry of UVA into the dermis. (gattefosse.com)
Melanin is a type of complex pigment that is responsible for the pigmentation of our hair, skin, and eyes. (prohealthsite.com)
[ 5 ] This type of pigmentation appears as flat, light-to-dark-brown lesions, which are evenly pigmented and bilaterally symmetrical. (medscape.com)

The researchers found 169 functionally diverse genes that impacted melanin production. (ou.edu)

The skin, hair and eye color of more than eight billion humans is determined by the light-absorbing pigment known as melanin. (ou.edu)
We identified both new and previously known genes that play important roles in regulating melanin production in humans. (ou.edu)
The DNA-binding protein KLF6 led to a loss of melanin production in humans and animals, confirming the role KLF6 plays in melanin production in other species as well. (ou.edu)
As humans moved into areas with less direct sunlight or fewer hours of daylight overall, less melanin was needed. (ou.edu)
Melanin is a brown to black pigment that gives the zebrafish its characteristic stripes and humans dark skin, hair and eyes. (sciencedaily.com)
In humans, these pigments act as protective agents against oxidative damage[ 9 ] and demonstrate pro-vitamin A function that protects from lifestyle-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease and age-related muscular degeneration[ 10 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
It converts photons into chemical signals that produce biological processes through the nervous systems of humans and other mammals. (estheticsbyida.com)
The colour of hair, skin, and eyes in humans and animals depends mainly on the type and amount of Melanin they have. (prohealthsite.com)
As for the idea a mermaid couldn't make melanin, many species of whale avoid Sun damage from UV radiation thanks to high levels of melanin pigments in their skin , just like humans. (iflscience.com)
For humans (and lots of other creatures for that matter) the primary pigment is melanin (of which there are actually a few varieties). (stackexchange.com)

Their screen identified 169 genes, including some that were previously known and 135 new melanin-promoting genes whose deletion was associated with reduced light scattering-in other words, loss of melanin. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

The amount of Melanin in your body may depend on your genes. (prohealthsite.com)
Extra research is needed to see if this is related to the amount of Melanin in your skin. (prohealthsite.com)
Do we all have an Identical Amount of Melanin? (prohealthsite.com)
Are there ways you can Raise the Amount of Melanin you have? (prohealthsite.com)

There are two pigments present in human hair: eumelanin, predominant in dark hair, and pheomelanin, responsible for red colour. (bvsalud.org)

Using a process called side-scatter of flow cytometry, we were able to separate cells with more or less melanin. (ou.edu)
Over time, this resulted in melanosomes that produced less melanin, thus absorbing more sunlight. (ou.edu)
Limited sunlight = less melanin. (iflscience.com)
Less melanin = lighter skin color," one tweeted . (iflscience.com)

It removes brown spots, treats pigmented marks and produces an even and light skin complexion. (ardenskincare.com)
It causes a lack of pigment, which can appear as white spots on the skin or hair. (prohealthsite.com)
On the areas of skin that have had years of frequent and prolonged sun exposure, age spots appear when melanin becomes "clumped" or is produced in high concentrations. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
Because it promotes the lightening of pigment spots, tyrosinase inhibition is one of the mechanisms of depigmenting cosmetic products. (bvsalud.org)
Melanin has essential physiological effects, spots can be directly related to aesthetic and emotional problems (Ikino et al . (bvsalud.org)

Melanin is produced within special structures called melanosomes. (ou.edu)
If there are a lot of melanin-producing melanosomes, the light will scatter much more than in cells with little melanin," Bajpai said. (ou.edu)
Central to understanding the photochemical function(s) of melanosomes is the determination of their absorption properties and an understanding of how the absorption varies with the molecular composition of melanin. (duke.edu)
The team measured light scattering through flow cytometry, capturing "dynamic shifts" in melanin levels within melanosomes. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
However, people with darker skin tones have larger, larger, and more pigmented melanosomes than lighter skin tones. (prohealthsite.com)

Light skin will absorb UV rays easier than darker skins because they are less loaded with melanin, the skin's natural pigment that helps protect against UV rays. (gattefosse.com)
Melatonin causes pigment granules aggregation, and thus, the skin's lightening through binding with specific receptors on skin melanophores. (estheticsbyida.com)
Biological sunscreen boosts the skin's self defence mechanisms and, together with progressive sun exposure the skin, can be trained to effectively protect itself against sunburn and premature aging. (lepure.com)

To identify which genes influence melanin production, cells that lost melanin during the gene removal process needed to be separated from millions of other cells that did not. (ou.edu)
These separated cells were then analyzed to determine the identity of melanin-modifying genes. (ou.edu)
Researchers could develop effective interventions against these microbes and their diseases by discovering and targeting such melanin-producing genes. (ou.edu)
It examines organization of genes involved in pigment production, their biosynthetic pathways and their biological functions. (usda.gov)
It examines organization of genes involved in pigment production, biosynthetic pathways, biological functions and reevaluates some of the current dogma, especially with respect to the DHN-melanin pathway, on the production of these enigmatic polymers. (usda.gov)
The melanin-promoting genes are involved in diverse biological pathways, such as transcription regulation, RNA processing, and endosomal transport, the researchers say. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Our analyses revealed that select melanin-promoting genes are associated with skin color variation and show evidence of local adaptation in human populations. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

Bacteria among all the microbes have immense potential to produce diverse pigments. (ijpsonline.com)
Various pigments like carotenes, melanins, flavones, quinines and violacein[ 4 - 6 ] are produced by different bacterial genera like Serratia , Streptomyces , Pseudomonas , Bacillus , Vibrio and Cytophyga that play an important role in their molecular and physiological processes and help taxonomist to identify and classify the bacteria, as they differ in chemical structure with specific chromophores. (ijpsonline.com)

Spectroscopic analysis indicates that melanin contains a high degree of redox active catechol groups, which can produce reactive oxygen species. (rsc.org)
This finding suggests that melanin pigments may serve as naturally occurring antibacterial agents with unique redox chemistry and reactive oxygen species generation capability. (rsc.org)
Cephalopod ink is a dark pigment released into water by most species of cephalopod, usually as an escape mechanism. (absoluteastronomy.com)
It is not too far fetched to think that some alien species may have evolved from an ancestor that had porphyrin-based pigments rather than melanin-based pigments. (stackexchange.com)
Tyrosinase plays a central role in catalyzing melanin species (Chang, 2009). (bvsalud.org)

Here we present the important findings related to biologically derived pigments for potential use as antibacterial agents. (rsc.org)
Biologically speaking, melanin is a pretty simple pigment made up of a few tyrosine molecules oxidised and strung together. (stackexchange.com)

Membrane-bound organelles are cellular structures that have a biological membrane that binds them together. (researchtweet.com)
The third type of Melanin, called neuromelanin, exists in the human brain and imparts pigment to structures in that area. (prohealthsite.com)
In her latest project, titled 'Totem', Oxman and her team at the MIT Mediated Matter Group are exploring the possibilities of creating melanin-infused architectural structures . (designindaba.com)
These sculptures serve as a concept visualisation of how the melanin could be incorporated into architectural structures. (designindaba.com)

Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)

The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Bajpai shows human pigment cells, stained to reveal different components. (ou.edu)
To understand what actually causes different amounts of melanin to be produced, we used a technology called CRISPR-Cas9 to genetically engineer cells," Bajpai said. (ou.edu)
In 2019, a team led by Dr. Keith Cheng, distinguished professor of pathology, pharmacology and biochemistry and molecular biology, developed "X-ray histotomography" -- a cellular form of CT imaging, as a method for investigating the 3D architecture of cells and tissues in biological samples at unprecedented resolution and clarity. (sciencedaily.com)
Rhodopsin is a visual pigment found in the rod photoreceptor cells of the retina. (estheticsbyida.com)
They're caused by overactive pigment cells. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
The hemoglobin (red) and melanin (brown) in these pockets absorbs the light, causing them to heat up and fragment, becoming waste or dead cells. (bellabodymedicalspa.com)
Figure 296 from Chapter 11 (Melanin Pigment) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Melanocyte at the dermoepidermal junction, flanked by portions of two adjacent epithelial cells from African. (cellimagelibrary.org)
In biological terms this arrangement of the retina is said to be inverted because the visual cells are oriented so that their sensory ends are directed away from incident light (Figure 1). (answersingenesis.org)

One aspect of this research is C. neoformans melanin production and how it relates to virulence. (jhu.edu)
A lack of P protein disrupts the production of melanin, leading to the characteristic features of albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Variants in the OCA2 gene disrupt the normal production of melanin, which reduces coloring of the hair, skin, and eyes and affects vision. (medlineplus.gov)
These were examined for the production of pigments, antibiotic and proteolytic activities. (ijpsonline.com)
Two pigment producing isolates identified as P. aeruginosa and Salinicoccus roseus with accession numbers MF377544 and MF377542 were taken up for the study of various parameters to optimize pigment production. (ijpsonline.com)
Research has shown that when they added retinal, a co-factor of opsin receptors including rhodopsin, they found that rhodopsin unleashed calcium ion signals that stimulate melanin production. (estheticsbyida.com)
Melanin production begins within hours and prevents Cellular DNA damage. (estheticsbyida.com)
This is typically a result of aging and a general reduction in melanin production. (melanobars.com)
While it is true that tanning can increase the production of Melanin in the skin, it is essential to keep in mind its biological role and why tanning can be dangerous. (prohealthsite.com)
Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin. (totalhealthmagazine.com)

The problem is intrinsic factors, such as the biological aging process, as well as extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure, compromise the structure and function of these proteins. (lifeextension.com)

Cyspera® is a biological molecule that reduces melanin pigments in human skin. (ardenskincare.com)
On the other hand, another well-known pigment, chlorophyll is a structurally rather different molecule that does a very similar job (although plants take things a step further, utilizing sunlight rather than just blocking it). (stackexchange.com)

So the researchers turned to X-ray imaging, which can pass through optically opaque matter like melanin. (sciencedaily.com)
The retina consists of ten layers (Figure 3), of which the outermost is the dark retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which because of its melanin pigment is opaque to light. (answersingenesis.org)

We also study the role of fungal melanin in thermoregulation. (jhu.edu)
Fungal pigments, which are classified as secondary metabolites, are polymerized products derived mostly from phenolic precursors with remarkable structural diversity. (usda.gov)
Some pigments even play a role in fungal pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
A better understanding of the structure and biosynthesis of melanins and other pigments could facilitate strategies to mitigate fungal pathogenesis. (usda.gov)

The differences in the properties of eu- and pheomelanin are the basis of the present study, which aimed to examine the rate and quality of taphonomic changes in hair roots in relation to the predominant melanin type, under the influence of selected environmental factors, such as soil pH, degree of exposure to solar radiation, temperature and water from a natural watercourse (river) and chemically pure water. (bvsalud.org)
Biological sunscreen and progressive sun exposure are not considered in the general recommendation, because this type of sun protection needs more attention and is not as cheap as chemical or mineral sunscreen. (lepure.com)
Designing a biological monitoring program to assess community exposure to chromium: conclusions of an expert panel. (cdc.gov)
Bencko V, Geist T, Arbetova D, Dharmadikari DM, Svandova E. Biological monitoring of environmental pollution and human exposure to some trace elements. (cdc.gov)

Researchers have developed a new technique that allows scientists to visualize every cell containing melanin pigment in 3D, in whole zebrafish. (sciencedaily.com)
Katz used silver to stain the melanin, which allowed the researchers to determine the 3D location and density of melanin from scans of whole zebrafish. (sciencedaily.com)

Perhaps X-rays and CT scanners detect the higher melanin content of darker skin, and embed this information in the digital image in some fashion that human users have never noticed before. (bostonglobe.com)

To date, evidence of melanin in fossil organisms has relied entirely on indirect morphological and chemical analyses. (elsevierpure.com)
Identification and characterization of degradation-resistant melanin may provide insights into its diverse roles in ancient organisms. (elsevierpure.com)
Among the variety of polyphenolic compounds, pigment melanin, present in almost all living organisms has a special place. (kiev.ua)

Melanin, a pigment of undefined chemical structure and with a tremendous physical stability, accumulates in the cell wall of C. neoformans and enables growth and budding. (jhu.edu)
An article recently published in the journal Science features research from Vivek Bajpai , Ph.D., lead author and an assistant professor in the School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, and collaborators from Stanford University. (ou.edu)
The ubiquitous distributions of H 2 S-producing enzymes and potent chemical reactivities of H 2 S in biological systems make H 2 S unique in its ability to regulate cellular and organ functions in both health and disease. (hindawi.com)
The research team was led by Vivek Bajpai, assistant professor in the School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, with collaborators from Stanford University, where Bajpai did postdoctoral work. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time that the glycolic extracts of C. pachystachya have promising chemical and biological characteristics for the development of a multifunctional cosmetic with antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities. (bvsalud.org)

The results of our team's research provide the basis for an extended analysis of the changes occurring in hair under the influence of environmental factors in relation to melanin content. (bvsalud.org)
Each individuals face has unique features influenced by many biological and non-biological factors in complex interactions with the genome. (eudemonic.co.in)
Graying hair is a complex process influenced by a variety of factors, both biological and environmental. (melanobars.com)
In the article, we will take a nearer look at what Melanin is, why Melanin is so essential to the skin, and how various factors can affect the amount of it. (prohealthsite.com)

Morphological and biochemical changes in liver of rats following 14-day intragastric treatment with melanin in doses 50,100, or 200 mg/kg bw were evaluated. (kiev.ua)
The aim of the study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of melanin in terms of biochemical and pathomorphological changes in the liver of rats. (kiev.ua)

12 Likewise, GSH is used as a cofactor by multiple peroxidase enzymes, to detoxify peroxides generated from oxygen radical attack on biological molecules, and by transhydrogenase enzymes to reduce oxidized centers on DNA, proteins, and other biomolecules. (totalhealthmagazine.com)

In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. (absoluteastronomy.com)

As a result, it does not produce (enough) melanin to protect your skin and other things mentioned above! (estheticsbyida.com)
Albinism is a rare genetic disorder that occurs when the body does not produce enough Melanin. (prohealthsite.com)
She lives underwater, how would the sun get to her for her to produce melanin? (iflscience.com)

Carotenoids such as bacterioruberin, which plays a role as a biological pigment and in bacterial metabolite have been isolated from Halorubrum sp. (ijpsonline.com)

When you are in the sun, your body produces more Melanin. (prohealthsite.com)

The other two tunics of the eye's posterior segment are the white tough fibrous sclera which is outermost and continuous with the cornea anteriorly, and the choroid , a pigmented and highly vascular layer which lies sandwiched between the retina and sclera. (answersingenesis.org)

We are interested in elucidating the process of melanogenesis in Cryptococcus neoformans, where melanin plays a key role during infection. (jhu.edu)
In 1996, Abe and Jincun reported the role of endogenous H 2 S in neuroregulation, which ushered in a new era of H 2 S and revealed its biological and pharmacological functions [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Melanin is also found in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina), where it plays a role in normal vision. (medlineplus.gov)

[ 2 ] In general, oral pigmented lesions most commonly result from implantation of exogenous materials or endogenous, excessive melanin deposition. (medscape.com)

Ghassemi and her colleagues remain baffled, but she suspects it has something to do with melanin, the pigment that determines skin color. (bostonglobe.com)

As previously mentioned, pigmented entities may arise from intrinsic or extrinsic sources. (medscape.com)

Many insects and birds owe their bright colours to the interaction of light with finely-patterned surface textures, rather than relying on pigments. (newscientist.com)
The iridescent colours of a peacock's tail are largely a result of the interaction of light with just one biological material - melanin rods. (newscientist.com)
Melanin is a pigment responsible for a beautiful variety of shades and tones of skin, eye, and hair colours. (prohealthsite.com)

These polymers serve diverse biological functions including radioprotection, immune defense, thermoregulation, and energy transduction. (jhu.edu)

These limitations of synthetic pigments have caused the need for a fresh, enthusiastic look out for natural pigments, which are found in plants, insects, and microbes. (ijpsonline.com)
Melanin is a natural pigment in the skin. (prohealthsite.com)
The natural level of Melanin is primarily determined by genetics and usually determines the colour of the hair, skin, and eyes. (prohealthsite.com)
Melanin is a natural pigment that occurs in nearly all life forms, and serves as the body's protection from harmful UV rays. (designindaba.com)
Consequently, the creation of new agents based on the natural pigment melanin is justified and far-reaching. (kiev.ua)

Synthetic pigments are often carcinogenic and non-biodegradable. (ijpsonline.com)

Studying melanin is challenging because it blocks the light used in traditional microscopy. (sciencedaily.com)

14 To determine whether supplementing with 500 mg of glutathione daily for four weeks, affects the skin melanin index compared with placebo, a randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled study 15 was conducted with 60 otherwise healthy medical students. (totalhealthmagazine.com)

The ocular tissue where these tumors arise, the uvea, is a densely pigmented layer that lies for the most part between the sclera and the retina. (medscape.com)

In addition, we study the melanin-based immune system of insects, particularly in the malaria-transmitting mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella . (jhu.edu)

Moreover, they could get quantitative measurements of their melanin content, allowing direct comparison of melanin content across normal and mutant fish for the first time. (sciencedaily.com)
This is the fourth article of our content series about Biological Antiaging Sun Protection. (lepure.com)

Hairs is a relatively environmentally resistant biological material that is often found at crime scenes. (bvsalud.org)
A muscular hydrostat is a biological structure found in animals. (absoluteastronomy.com)

However, whatever colorations are favored, those colors will inherently depend on what pigments are present in the organism's skin. (stackexchange.com)
Technically, it could alternatively depend on other phenomena (like the irridescence of butterfly wings) but simply assuming pigment==color is probably the easiest way to go, conceptually. (stackexchange.com)

The present study was taken up with an objective to isolate industrially useful pigments from mangrove microbes of Karwar mangrove region. (ijpsonline.com)

According to Oxman the infusion of biological substances in architecture and design in the urban environment is inevitable. (designindaba.com)
Oxman explains the "Biological Age," a period she argues we're now entering (after the digital age). (timesensitive.fm)

This pigment is associated with darker tones such as brown and black. (prohealthsite.com)
Evolutionary, we all are starting from more or less the same melanin-producing ancestors, so even with a melanin mutation here and there over the eons that mostly just results in different shades of brown- maybe some more rust-colored here or blonde there, but generally from a similar color pallet. (stackexchange.com)
Pigmented macules, often confluent and varying in size and shades of brown, appear in almost all cases periorally and on the lips and buccal mucosae. (medscape.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes2

Melanocytes19

Melanoma6

Fungi7

Synthesis4

Pigmentation6

Impacted melanin production1

Humans10

Loss of melanin1

Amount of melanin4

Eumelanin1

Less melanin4

Spots5

Melanosomes5

Skin's3

Genes7

Bacteria2

Species5

Biologically2

Structures4

Pathways1

Cells9

Production10

Ultraviolet1

Molecule2

Opaque2

Fungal4

Exposure4

Researchers2

Darker skin1

Organisms3

Chemical5

Factors4

Biochemical2

Molecules1

Taxonomic1

Produce3

Bacterial1

Produces1

Vascular1

Role3

Lesions1

Skin color1

Intrinsic1

Colours3

Polymers1

Natural5

Synthetic1

Light1

Affects1

Tumors1

Insects1

Content2

Found2

Depend2

Microbes1

Oxman2

Brown3