• Some interleukins are classified as lymphokines, lymphocyte-produced cytokines that mediate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • As messengers of the body, cytokines are any of several regulatory proteins such as interleukins, lymphokines and growth factors that are released by cells of the immune system, and act as intercellular mediators in the generation of an immune response. (naturally.com)
  • Cytokines mediate the body's repair processes and can induce immune and immune-related cells into frenzy or quiet them. (naturally.com)
  • Lymphokines are cytokines, regulators of the immune reactions which are produced by lymphocytes. (referat.ru)
  • These cells also synthesize and respond to various cytokines and thus play a key role in immune-mediated glomerular diseases. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Cytokines have been variously named as lymphokines , interleukins and chemokines , based on their presumed function, cell of secretion or target of action. (wikidoc.org)
  • The term chemokine refers to a specific class of cytokines that mediates chemoattraction ( chemotaxis ) between cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • It is a transmembrane molecule with 7 potential N-glycosylated sites, expressed on resting monocytes and endothelial cells and can be upregulated on many other cells, e.g. with lymphokines, on B- and T-lymphocytes, thymocytes, dendritic cells and also on keratinocytes, chondrocytes, as well as epithelial cells. (exbio.cz)
  • This is mediated through two arms: humoral by means of B-lymphocytes and cellular by means of T-lymphocytes. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • The lymphokines are biologically active factors released by lymphocytes that may affect target cells directly or indirectly by modulating the behaviour of other effector cells (Delves et al. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. (edu.au)
  • Activated T lymphocytes produce a variety of lymphokines that are involved in eosinophilic maturation and act as eosinophil-chemotactic factors. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent restimulation of these sensitized lymphocytes with the same or a similar antigen, such as the intradermal injection of tuberculin PPD, evokes a local reaction mediated by these cells. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The sensitized antigen-specific T lymphocytes proliferate and release lymphokines, which mediate the accumulation of other cells at the site. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (edu.au)
  • The lymphocyte pool is regional, being the antibody mediated immune system of the Bursa of Fabricius (B-lymphocytes, as opposed to the thymic derived T-cells) that form the largest immune organ extending the length of the intestines and the stomach. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • These findings suggest that continuous oral exposure to a tolerogen may be a biologically relevant strategy to tolerize both T h 1- and T h -dependent responses, and extend the potential clinical use of oral tolerance to ailments mediated by T h 2 lymphocytes. (huji.ac.il)
  • Similarities of T cell function in cell-mediated immunity and antibody production. (cdc.gov)
  • Lymphokines": non-antibody mediators of cellular immunity generated by lymphocyte activation. (cdc.gov)
  • HUMORAL IMMUNITYHumoral or antibody-mediated immunity is associated with B-lymphocyte cells. (referat.ru)
  • 1995). ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYThe adaptive immune system is split into two mechanisms: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (referat.ru)
  • T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • The immune system has both humoral and cell-mediated functions ( Fig. 72-1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Know that adaptive immunity involves humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (microbiologytext.com)
  • Those cells that can react with the antigen then marshal a bilateral response with one set of cells producing antibodies (humoral immunity) and the other set activating a group of cells to attack the pathogen (cell-mediated immunity). (microbiologytext.com)
  • In delayed-type hypersensitivity, the antigen stimulates T-cells to release lymphokines which regulate a series of cellular reactions necessary to eliminate the antigen. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • LymphokinesThe antigen on the surface of the APC triggers TH-cells to produce hormone-like lymphokines (Lessof, 1993). (referat.ru)
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) glycoproteins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that function to present antigen peptide fragments to T cells responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • T cell recognition of foreign and self-antigens is mediated by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). (nih.gov)
  • Antigen recognition is mediated by a disulfide-linked heterodimer whose two chains each contain variable and constant region domains. (nih.gov)
  • Activated T cells produce lymphokines that stimulate increased antimicrobial activity of macrophages. (medscape.com)
  • These proteins also mediate direct interactions between cells and regulate processes taking place in the extracellular environment. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Stimulated T-cells proliferate and differentiate to give rise to two major effector mechanisms: generation of cytotoxic cells and release of lymphokines. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • Macrophages can kill specific tumor cells when activated by a combination of factors, including lymphokines (soluble factors produced by T cells) and interferon. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Such lymphokines include (IL-2) also known as T cell growth factor and IL-12 produced by dendritic cells and specifically induces CTLs enhancing antitumor immune responses. (techsling.com)
  • Different classes of these cells can mediate tumor promotion or suppression. (techsling.com)
  • MHC class II receptors display antigens for recognition by helper T cells (stimulate development of B cell clones) and inflammatory T cells (cause the release of lymphokines that attract other cells to site of infection) ( PUBMED:15120183 ). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • They are less effective than T-cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS . (lookformedical.com)
  • These changes regulate cellular movements and lead to activation of transcriptional events that induce production of T cell lymphokines and result in differentiative events. (nih.gov)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • the resulting over-production of IL-10 will tend to bias all immune activities into a Th2-mode of effector functions, with high titers of polyclonal antibodies and little or no production of gamma IFN and other "inflammatory" lymphokines that often mediate resistance. (pasteur.fr)
  • Chicken heterophils activated in vivo following the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune T lymphokines (SE-ILK) have been implicated in the protection against SE organ invasion. (tamu.edu)
  • Furthermore, EGFR acts as a point of integration for signals arising from G-proteinCcoupled receptors and cytokine receptors, thus it can cross-talk with various heterologous receptors activated by neurotransmitters, lymphokines and stress inducers [12]. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Glomerulonephritis is a collection of glomerular diseases mediated by different immunologic pathogenic mechanisms, resulting in varied clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The development of cell-mediated immunity during experimental murine dermatophytosis has been studied. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • Much of this activity is a result of the overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-a type of cytokine associated with cancer, diabetes, and other inflammation- and immune-mediated diseases. (naturally.com)
  • CD54 mediates cell adhesion by binding to integrins CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and to CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1). (exbio.cz)
  • We examined the mechanism of adherence within the avian heterophil system using an in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) matrix in which neutrophil adherence is primarily CD11/CD18 integrin mediated in mammalian systems. (tamu.edu)
  • Adhesion of T lymphoblasts to epidermal keratinocytes is regulated by interferon gamma and is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activated heterophils displayed a four-fold increase in receptor-mediated adherence in vitro to BSA-coated slides as compared to control heterophils from PBS-injected birds. (tamu.edu)
  • This cell-mediated activation is key to halting the intracellular growth of legionellae. (medscape.com)
  • Tissue eosinophilia is not uncommonly associated with T-cell-mediated immune reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Cell-mediated immune responses are considered to play a major role in fighting tinea (Grappel, l981). (ivoryresearch.com)
  • The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). (edu.au)
  • Several investigators have proposed that eosinophilic ulcers develop as a result of a T-cell-mediated immune response. (medscape.com)
  • These properties include lack of pathogenicity and pathology, ease of preparation and purification, long term expression in many tissues including the muscle, and lack of a detrimental cell-mediated immune response. (justia.com)
  • Additional subunits mediate TCR signal transduction, proper receptor assembly, and transport. (nih.gov)
  • The receptors are constitutively expressed, although cytokines and lymphokines can modulate their expression. (prosci-inc.com)
  • It is well documented that Leishmania parasites are able to counter oxidative burst from ROS produced by macrophages [4-6].There is strong evidence indicating that macrophages rely on the endogenous production of NO via oxidation of L-arginine mediated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and stimulated by cytokines and lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (INFγ) to kill the parasites [7-9]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • What is the difference between cytokines and lymphokines? (studybuff.com)
  • T cells responded with induction of profound cytokine production and cytotoxic activity that could be targeted to tumor cells expressing MHC class II, this is termed staphylococcal enterotoxin dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SDCC). (lu.se)
  • Natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) is a primary immunodeficiency where the main defect lies in CD56 + CD3 − natural killer (NK) cells which mediate cytotoxicity against tumors. (studybuff.com)
  • Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) were evaluated in subjects 3 and 6 years after primary and booster vaccination with either three-component acellular (Pa) or whole-cell (Pw) vaccines. (nih.gov)
  • Helper T cells type 1, which produce primarily IFN-gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2), command the cell-mediated immune functions of combating viral and bacterial pathogens, providing delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and fighting cancer cells (via natural killer cells). (ndnr.com)
  • Besides identifying FcgammaR+ cells, monoclonal antibodies to the FcgammaII/III receptor have been used to block Fc receptor binding of IgG, Fc-mediated signal transduction and effector functions, clearance of immune complexes and to attenuate infection by organisms dependent on FcgammaR for parasitic invasion. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Additional subunits mediate TCR signal transduction, proper receptor assembly, and transport. (nih.gov)
  • Adaptive immunity also mediates immunological memory, which facilitates faster, more effective responses to previously encountered antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cytokines play a critical role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
  • By contrast, although the innate immune system is indispensable for autoimmunity, there are clear differences in the molecular and cellular innate components that mediate specific systemic autoimmune diseases, suggesting distinct autoimmune-promoting pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The innate immune response provides an immediate response to infection and injury and is mainly mediated by circulating factors and non-lymphocytic cell types that include macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils and other less common leukocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tacrolimus's activity may involve inhibiting humoral immunity and cell-mediated reactions such as graft versus host disease , allograft rejection, collagen-induced arthritis, delayed type hypersensitivity, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (hemonc.org)
  • These changes regulate cellular movements and lead to activation of transcriptional events that induce production of T cell lymphokines and result in differentiative events. (nih.gov)
  • Autoreactive T cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice secrete multiple lymphokines and induce the production of IgG anti-DNA antibodies. (musc.edu)
  • Lymphokines act to attract additional immune cells to mount an immune response, for instance in stimulating B cells to generate antibodies against the invading pathogen. (studybuff.com)
  • Lymphokines aid B cells to produce antibodies. (studybuff.com)
  • Corticosteroids will inhibit phospholipase A2 thereby preventing the generation of substances which mediate inflammation, for example, prostaglandins. (dvago.pk)
  • 1997. Induction of transforming growth factor β1 transcription by carbon tetrachloride leads to the inhibition of T helper 2 cell associated lymphokines. (nih.gov)
  • However, paradoxical evidences indicate no difference in lymphocyte transformation, leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphokines produced by Th1 cells among RVVC patients and healthy individuals (15, 16). (ijfs.ir)
  • One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating the expression of VPF/VEGF. (nih.gov)
  • 1996. Liver-Immune interactions induced by hepatic regeneration: Similarities between partial hepatectomy and chemically-mediated hepatotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? (premiergradetutors.com)
  • Studies of idiopathic and environmentally induced systemic autoimmunity show that they are mediated by common adaptive immune response genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lymphokines are a subset of cytokines that are produced by a type of immune cell known as a lymphocyte. (studybuff.com)