Mechanisms skeletal muscle cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). (lu.se)
Our results indicate that clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy can involve the recruitment of reserve cells in human skeletal muscle. (wada-ama.org)
Furthermore, the authors expanded the study by conducting in vitro experiments on human skeletal muscle cells to understand the biochemical mechanisms regulating the effect of simvastatin on irisin expression. (medscape.com)

Feeding with amino acids can stimulate protein synthesis in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscle as reviewed by Davis et al. (nature.com)
However, the ubiquitary nature of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggests potential for widespread effects, which has led to new research exploring the effects of vitamin D on a variety of tissues, especially in the skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
One of the major findings of this study is that minerals such as silicon, magnesium and lithium are involved in inducing endochondral ossification, a process by which stem cells are transformed into soft and hard tissues such as cartilage and bone in young humans. (sciencedaily.com)
To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)
Although the exact mechanism is unclear, it is likely that cells that are less able to produce energy die off, particularly cells in the brain, skeletal muscle, and other tissues and organs that require a lot of energy. (medlineplus.gov)
The loss of cells in these tissues is thought to lead to the signs and symptoms of ACAD9 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Seeking understand the decline in function of tissues in organisms, researchers from the Stem Cells and Development unit at Institut Pasteur made a discovery on the still unknown mechanisms of the epigenetic clock in stem cells. (pasteur.fr)
It should be noted that epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation are constructed from data from multiple tissues from a mixture of different cell types. (pasteur.fr)
Total nucleic acids were retrospectively extracted from lar mechanisms related to the switch from the acute to the flash-frozen cardiac tissues by using NucliSens easyMAG persistent CV-B infection in human cardiac tissue are still instrument protocols (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) unknown, but they could be related to terminal deletions according to the manufacturer's instructions. (cdc.gov)
PCB methyl sulphones and related compounds: Identification of target cells and tissues in different species. (cdc.gov)
In this work-package we explore mechanisms and pathways relevant to insulin resistance in various organs and tissues, such as liver, adipose tissue, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, inner ear. (lu.se)
In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)

The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
A myosin-based mechanism for stretch activation and its possible role revealed by varying phosphate concentration in fast and slow mouse skeletal muscle fibers. (umass.edu)
This work will eventually help us understand why certain types of muscle fibers are more susceptible to muscular dystrophy. (seattlechildrens.org)
Certain muscular dystrophies preferentially affect either fast or slow twitch muscle fibers. (seattlechildrens.org)
In human and mouse models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), fast muscle fibers are more susceptible to damage than slow fibers. (seattlechildrens.org)
Skeletal Muscle Fibers (Cells) showing Striations, Teased apart-100X. (genengnews.com)
Shows: 6 skeletal muscle fibers (cells), striations and multinucleate cells. (genengnews.com)
Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)
The muscle ECM is a molecular support system that surrounds muscle fibers. (uky.edu)
During muscle growth in response to resistance exercise, cells residing in the spaces between muscle fibers help to remodel the ECM to enable the addition of stem cells to the fibers. (uky.edu)
In this way, the stem cells are controlling the muscle environment to enable muscle fibers to grow more readily. (uky.edu)

Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
Nanosilicates dissociate into individual minerals inside the cells and turn "on" a set of key genes that result in information flow throughout the cells, known as signaling pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
These signaling pathways are responsible for instructing the cells to take on specific functions, such as converting into another type of cells or starting the healing process by secreting tissue-specific proteins known as extracellular matrix. (sciencedaily.com)
TAK1 regulates the activation of multiple signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. (genengnews.com)
Skeletal muscle mass is regulated through coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways," the researchers wrote. (genengnews.com)

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317(6):C1143-C1152, 2019. (umass.edu)
The techniques that we use range from single molecule mechanics, (immuno) electron microscopy, exon microarray analysis, in vitro motility assays, low angle X-ray diffraction, cell physiology (including calcium imaging), muscle mechanics, and isolated heart physiology. (bio5.org)
The research team, led by Peterson and John McCarthy, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Physiology, used mouse models to explore the role of stem cells in growth-stimulated muscle. (uky.edu)

However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Directional cell migration is a critical process underlying morphogenesis and post-natal tissue regeneration. (crick.ac.uk)
During embryonic myogenesis, migration of skeletal myogenic progenitors is essential to generate the anlagen of limbs, diaphragm and tongue, whereas in post-natal skeletal muscles, migration of muscle satellite (stem) cells towards regions of injury is necessary for repair and regeneration of muscle fibres. (crick.ac.uk)
Here, we review mechanisms of myogenic stem/progenitor cell migration during skeletal muscle development and post-natal regeneration. (crick.ac.uk)
Our study shows that satellite cell migration, a key component of skeletal muscle regeneration, is compromised during aging. (ox.ac.uk)
A collaboration between researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the College of Medicine at Texas A&M University identifies the crucial role of minerals in regulating gene expression, thus controlling the number of proteins that a cell should make, thereby encouraging tissue regeneration and redefining cellular identity. (sciencedaily.com)
The idea of myocardial regeneration with stem cell transplantation after myocardial infarction receives tremendous interest. (escardio.org)
Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. (scielo.br)
Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration:the cell on the edge returns centre stage. (scielo.br)

Age-related changes in speed and mechanism of adult skeletal muscle stem cell migration. (ox.ac.uk)
These nanoparticles are known specifically as nanosilicates, and with them, the team is able to determine the role of minerals in regulating gene expression profiles to direct stem cell differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
Our study is one of the first studies to utilize unbiased transcriptome-wide sequencing to determine how mineral ions can direct stem cell fate. (sciencedaily.com)
We're a partnership of more than 400 stem cell and regenerative medicine labs across Europe, connected via research centres, consortia, networks and hubs. (eurostemcell.org)
EuroStemCell has key partnerships with European Union-funded stem cell research consortia who provide significant contribution to the project financially and scientifically. (eurostemcell.org)
He co-ordinates the EU Horizon2020 funded stem cell research consortium - INTENS which aims to aims to make a functional reconstructed bowel for people with Short Bowel Syndrome. (eurostemcell.org)
As such, stem cell therapy cannot be regarded as a valid therapeutic option for patients with cardiovascular disease in the present era of evidenced-based medicine, yet it holds great hope for the future. (escardio.org)
Preclinical and some small-scaled clinical trials have suggested feasibility and safety of cardiac stem cell therapy. (escardio.org)
Several preliminary reports have demonstrated that local stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction is safe and may lead to improved myocardial function and perfusion. (escardio.org)
The bone morrow contains several stem cell types including hematopoetic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells. (escardio.org)
Although there is no definitive evidence, combinations of progenitor cells seem to be more benefical than specific stem cell type for cardiac repair (3). (escardio.org)
Repair of scar tissue constitutes a challenge for cardiac stem cell therapy due to lack of adequate nutrition and homing signals necessary for stem cells' engraftment and survival. (escardio.org)
Cell Stem Cell 2013;13(5):590-601. (scielo.br)
Muscle stem cell from young mouse stained with the transcription factor Pax7 and in contact with the muscle fibre through the extracellular matrix protein M-Cadherin. (pasteur.fr)
Stem cell numbers usually decline during aging thereby confounding results when total cell populations are surveyed. (pasteur.fr)
This discovery on ageing underscores the importance of basic research in understanding the mechanisms that regulate stem cell properties and function to pave the way for future development of innovative diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. (pasteur.fr)
Their findings, published in the journal Cell Stem Cell, provide insight into the processes that underlie the decline in muscle function associated with aging or with diseases such as muscular dystrophy. (uky.edu)
This mechanism may explain why the muscle stem cell deficits seen in older people and in people with muscular dystrophy are associated with impaired muscle function. (uky.edu)
The finding by scientists from University at Buffalo shows how NANOG can reverse cellular aging in muscle cells without having to reprogram the cells to a more stem cell-like state, which has been an approach in the past in the search to reverse cellular aging. (iflscience.com)

My research goal is to understand how structural and functional alterations at the molecular and single fiber levels affect whole skeletal muscle contraction and whole body function, primarily to find potential countermeasures to the loss of skeletal muscle performance under a variety of conditions, including aging, obesity, fatigue and illness (influenza). (umass.edu)
By identifying the specific molecular mechanisms that lead to alterations in whole muscle function, my findings will impact clinical care by providing novel information about the treatment of conditions that reduce skeletal muscle performance. (umass.edu)
Straight CR, Ringham OR, Bartley JM, Keilich SR, Kuchel GA, Haynes L, Miller MS. Influenza infection has fiber type-specific effects on cellular and molecular skeletal muscle function in aged mice. (umass.edu)
Moderate-intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive, older adults with knee osteoarthritis. (umass.edu)
Although several minerals have been shown to regulate gene expression and cellular activity, very little work has focused on understanding underlying molecular mechanisms. (sciencedaily.com)
This engineering research group is led by Dr. Akhilesh Gaharwar, associate professor of biomedical engineering and Presidential Impact Fellow, in collaboration with Dr. Irtisha Singh, assistant professor in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine at Texas A&M and the co-corresponding author of the study where a new class of mineral-based nanoparticles has been introduced to direct human stem cells toward bone cells. (sciencedaily.com)
He has been leader of a research group at the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin until 2011 focusing his research on signal transduction mechanisms in human and murine embryonic stem cells. (eurostemcell.org)
Each sample was separately homogenized and centrifuged and the supernatants were diafiltered to isolate the low-molecular-mass fraction containing endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity. (portlandpress.com)
Therefore, our findings increase our knowledge of sulfatase expression diversity and provide a solid basis for further research concerning this molecular mechanism. (scielo.br)
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development. (scielo.br)
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2012;13(2):127-33. (scielo.br)
In another study, we established the molecular mechanisms of the anabolic action of formoterol. (wada-ama.org)
The research in my laboratory is focused on identifying the components and molecular mechanisms regulating actin architecture in cardiac and skeletal muscle during normal development and disease. (bio5.org)
The long-term goal of research in my lab is to understand the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction. (bio5.org)
This results in the genetic material in the cells becoming unstable and causes an array of molecular and metabolic dysfunction that leads to disease. (iflscience.com)
Development of molecular assays to detect target-site mechanisms associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors from Latin America. (cdc.gov)

Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. (nature.com)
Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
In vitro studies have shown that the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, acts in myocytes through genomic effects involving VDR activation in the cell nucleus to drive cellular differentiation and proliferation. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies demonstrated that there is conversation between skeletal muscle and beta-cells, and that certain peptides (i.e. myokines) secreted by insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells may impact negatively on beta-cell function, proliferation and survival in T2D. (europa.eu)
Formation of new myonuclei required for efficient muscle hypertrophy relies on prior activation and proliferation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). (mdc-berlin.de)
Here we demonstrate that interstitial mesenchymal progenitors respond to mechanical load and stimulate MuSC proliferation in a surgical mouse model of increased muscle load. (mdc-berlin.de)
The proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are regulated by a number of extracellular signals ( Wang & Rudnicki, 2012 Wang YX, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
We will establish the mechanisms by which undernutrition during critical windows of postnatal development impacts proliferation of skeletal muscle stem cells and the mature muscle nuclear number. (bcm.edu)
Our results further indicate that MCT4 promotes proliferation and survival by altered cell cycle regulation and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
For this purpose, we designed an MCT4 overexpression and knockdown/inhibition model to explore the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on cancer cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion potential, and angiogenesis as well as on cell cycle profiles and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)

In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
C57BL/6 mice (n = 4 per group) were injected with clodronate liposomes 48 and 2 hours prior to the freeze injury of the left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and every third day during the post-injury period. (cdc.gov)
Histopathological examination revealed less inflammatory cell infiltration in the injured muscles of clodronate treated mice at day 3 post-injury and delayed muscle tissue recovery with an impaired clearance of the necrotic myofibers at day 9 post-injury. (cdc.gov)
Clare's lab recently identified a population of progenitor/stem cells in mice that, on transplantation, is sufficient to generate a fully functional thymus. (eurostemcell.org)
Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. (scielo.br)
These mice have reduced glycogen stores in adipose tissue, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, corresponding with decreased glycogen synthase activity and glycogen synthesis rate. (jci.org)
Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. (jci.org)
By examining the transcriptome and epigenome of individual muscle stem cells simultaneously, we found that DNA transcribes* more chaotically in older muscle stem cells compared to those in younger mice. (pasteur.fr)
This matrix protein is decreased in muscle stem cells in old mice thereby destabilising contact with the fibre. (pasteur.fr)
We hypothesize that either small changes in cell composition during ageing may affect the epigenetic age of a tissue, or that our epigenetic clocks for mice need further refinement" says Shahragim Tajbakhsh. (pasteur.fr)
Here, we demonstrate that supraphysiological activation of TAK1 in skeletal muscle of adult mice stimulates translational machinery, protein synthesis, and myofiber growth. (genengnews.com)
Benedetti, B., Benedetti, A., and Flucher, B.E. (2016) Loss of the calcium channel β 4 subunit impairs parallel fiber volley and purkinje cell firing in cerebellum of adult ataxic mice. (i-med.ac.at)
Furthermore, in experiments involving animals, they showed that NANOG overexpressed in prematurely-aging mice increased the number of muscle stem cells present, showing that NANOG might have rejuvenating properties that could help reverse the aging process. (iflscience.com)

The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Glutamine is regarded as the most abundant amino acid in the body, is mainly synthesized in skeletal muscle 10 , and muscle tissue is the most important site for Gln storage 11 . (nature.com)
However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body. (frontiersin.org)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
Such a high dose of growth factors results in a range of complications, including uncontrolled tissue formation, inflammation and tumorigenesis, the production or formation of tumor cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in human body. (uga.edu)
Interestingly, contradictory data exist for transformation of bone marrow derived progenitor cells (BMPC) into new cardiomyocytes and alternative mechanisms as enhanced neovascularization, enhanced scar tissue formation due to augmented inflammatory response and decreased apoptosis have been suggested for the benefical effects of these cells on myocardial function after myocardial infarction (4). (escardio.org)
This transmission of impulses makes cardiac muscle tissue similar to nerve tissue, although cardiac muscle cells are notably connected to each other by intercalated discs . (wikidoc.org)
The growth-regulatory mechanism involves communication between the cells assigned to replenish damaged muscle tissue and the cells that produce the main components of a dynamic structure known as the extracellular matrix (ECM). (uky.edu)

2. Eleven untrained adult male Wistar rats were killed and the predominantly oxidative (type I) muscles, soleus and heart, the predominantly glycolytic (type II) muscle, extensor digitorum longus, and the mixed-fibre muscle, gastrocnemius, were removed. (portlandpress.com)
Isolation and culture of individual myofibers and their satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. (scielo.br)
Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
We've been studying adult skeletal muscle stem cells for many years," said Charlotte Peterson, Ph.D., the Joseph Hamburg Endowed Professor in the UK College of Health Sciences and director of the UK Center for Muscle Biology and co-principal investigator for the study. (uky.edu)

The anoctamin-5 protein is also found in other cells including heart (cardiac) muscle cells and bone cells. (wikipedia.org)
Loss of muscle mass and frailty are prevalent in many chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac insufficiency, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Various cell types have been tested experimentally for cardiac repair so far, but only those of autologous origin have yet undergone clinical testing due to immune competency. (escardio.org)
Moreover, it seems that paracrine action of skeletal myoblasts facilitate neighboring cardiomyocytes to maintain their replicative potential and/or stimulate differentiation of native cardiac stem cells (8,9). (escardio.org)
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the myocardium . (wikidoc.org)
Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle . (wikidoc.org)
Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells during systole propel blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems . (wikidoc.org)
Unlike skeletal muscle , which contracts in response to nerve stimulation, and like single unit smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is myogenic , meaning that it is self-excitable stimulating contraction without a requisite electrical impulse coming from the central nervous system. (wikidoc.org)
if two cardiac muscle cells are in contact, whichever one contracts first will stimulate the other to contract, and so on. (wikidoc.org)
In contrast to the chemical synapses used by neurons , electrical synapses , in the case of cardiac muscle, are created by ions flowing from cell to cell, known as an action potential . (wikidoc.org)
If synchronization of cardiac muscle contraction is disrupted for some reason (for example, in a heart attack ), uncoordinated contraction known as fibrillation can result. (wikidoc.org)
Since cardiac muscle is myogenic, the pacemaker serves only to modulate and coordinate contractions. (wikidoc.org)
The cardiac muscle cells would still fire in the absence of a functioning SA node pacemaker, albeit in a chaotic and ineffective manner. (wikidoc.org)
In contrast to skeletal muscle , cardiac muscle cannot contract in the absence of extracellular calcium ions as well as extracellular potassium ions. (wikidoc.org)
The question is important from both basic science and clinical perspectives because mutations in sarcomere proteins of muscle are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young and a prevalent cause of heart failure in adults. (bio5.org)
Remarkably, the progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells by dual inhibition efficiently differentiate into cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. (ncbs.res.in)

Together, these projects will advance our understanding of how the liver regulates glucose production using neural, hormonal, and intracellular mechanisms, and increase the overall body of knowledge. (bcm.edu)
However, the role and mechanisms by which TAK1 regulates skeletal muscle mass remain less understood. (genengnews.com)
Now, a mouse study by scientists from the University of Houston (UH) demonstrates how TAK1 regulates skeletal muscle mass. (genengnews.com)
We also reported that clenbuterol regulates negatively the expression of myostatin a master regulatory factor of muscle mass. (wada-ama.org)
Currently, the major research focus in my lab is understanding the mechanisms by which cMyBP-C regulates contractile speed and mechanisms by which mutations in cMyBP-C cause disease. (bio5.org)
University of Kentucky researchers have unraveled a mechanism that regulates skeletal muscle growth in response to resistance exercise. (uky.edu)

We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. (lu.se)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
Cell Metabolism 2013;17(2):210-24. (scielo.br)
Additional issues discussed in this review are the fibre-type specificity of muscle creatine metabolism, the identification of responders versus non-responders to creatine intake, and the scientific background concerning potential side effects of creatine supplementation. (nih.gov)
PROJECT DESCRIPTION / ABSTRACT Declines in muscle quality and impaired metabolism are major contributing factors to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
The proposed studies seek to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the hypothesis that arsenic impairs muscle progenitor cell function and differentiation to promote declines in muscle quality and composition, as well as disrupt communication of healthy muscle metabolism with systemic organs. (nih.gov)

1. Capillary density is greater in skeletal muscles comprised of predominantly oxidative (type I) fibres than in those comprised of mainly glycolytic (type II) fibres. (portlandpress.com)
4. These findings suggest that endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity in muscle is either inversely or not related to the local capillary density, which may be at or near a maximum in physiologically contracting, predominantly oxidative muscles. (portlandpress.com)
These negative effects are of particular importance in sports events where performance depends on endurance and muscle oxidative capacity. (wada-ama.org)
Statin treatment leads to increased oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle cells and leads to upregulation of apoptosis. (medscape.com)

This study elucidated effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the cellular muscle development of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. (nature.com)
We observed a temporarily increased intramuscular availability of free Gln that could have influenced cellular processes in skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)
Insulin produces the dephosphorylation of only a small subset of proteins at discrete locations, whereas PP1 is ubiquitously expressed and is found in virtually all cellular compartments, suggesting that mechanisms exist for the targeted regulation of PP1 in insulin-responsive cells that selectively permit activation of the enzyme only at these sites. (jci.org)
Cellular senescence occurs during aging, with cells reaching a point where they are unable to divide and repair. (iflscience.com)

Our results suggest that relayed signaling between mesenchymal progenitors and MuSCs through a Yap1/Taz-Thbs1-CD47 pathway is critical to establish the supply of MuSCs during muscle hypertrophy. (mdc-berlin.de)
Gros J, Manceau M, Thomé V, Marcelle C. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells. (scielo.br)
Significantly, this is the first report of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, without transgenes, into progenitors with muscle/heart dual potential. (ncbs.res.in)

Using genetic approaches, the researchers demonstrated that TAK1 is indispensable for maintaining healthy neuromuscular junctions, which are involved in transmitting nerve impulses to skeletal muscle and allowing muscle contractions. (genengnews.com)

The regulation of chloride flow within muscle cells plays a role in controlling muscle contraction and relaxation. (wikipedia.org)
In fast-twitch muscles, the slowing of the time course of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation during force generation induced by clenbuterol treatment could be considered as a negative effect, contrasting the anabolic effect. (wada-ama.org)

Skeletal muscle accounts for >50% of the total glucose uptake in the post-prandial state, it is also the largest organ in non-obese individuals. (europa.eu)

These findings could improve the understanding of heart and skeletal muscle function in conditions such as heart disease, mitochondrial disease, and muscular dystrophy. (pharmacytimes.com)
The findings may have important implications for understanding decreased functional beta-cell mass in diabetes, especially in T2D etiology, and therefore bring new insights into the development of innovative therapies. (europa.eu)
These findings define the role of macrophages and the related cytokines as critical components of the complete recovery from skeletal muscle traumatic injury. (cdc.gov)
Their findings are published in the journal Nature Communications in a paper titled, " Supraphysiological activation of TAK1 promotes skeletal muscle growth and mitigates neurogenic atrophy . (genengnews.com)
Our findings demonstrate that targeted inactivation of TAK1 causes derangement of neuromuscular junctions and severe muscle wasting, very similar to muscle wasting observed during nerve damage, aging, and cancer cachexia. (genengnews.com)
Therefore, our findings provide compelling evidence that dual inhibition specifies head mesoderm and unravel the mechanism that diversifies head and trunk muscle programmes during early mesoderm fate commitment. (ncbs.res.in)

Our previous studies showed that Gln had the potential to increase muscle fiber size in piglets 16 , but the mechanism was not clear. (nature.com)
These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists. (frontiersin.org)
The I4895T mutation in the type 1 ryanodine receptor induces fiber-type specific alterations in skeletal muscle that mimic premature aging. (rndsystems.com)
Straight CR, Ades PA, Toth MJ, Miller MS. Age-related reduction in single muscle fiber calcium sensitivity is associated with decreased muscle power in men and women. (umass.edu)
We are investigating the mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber-type differentiation. (seattlechildrens.org)
One focus of our lab is understanding the mechanisms behind how skeletal muscle cells differentiate into a specific muscle fiber type, either fast twitch or slow twitch. (seattlechildrens.org)
We are using zebrafish and mouse models to study the functions of factors such as Pbx homeodomain transcription factors and how they control muscle fiber-type development. (seattlechildrens.org)
We take advantage of zebrafish models to address whether factors that regulate fiber-type differentiation enhance or suppress the zebrafish dmd muscle degeneration phenotype. (seattlechildrens.org)
We are also working to identify new epigenetic factors that regulate muscle fiber type. (seattlechildrens.org)
We expect that this project will identify genetic and epigenetic regulators of muscle fiber-type identities that confer susceptibility or resistance to muscular dystrophy. (seattlechildrens.org)
This project is aimed at an ultimate goal of manipulating skeletal muscle fiber type as a treatment for muscular dystrophy. (seattlechildrens.org)
They found that, in addition to contributing directly to muscle fiber growth, the stem cells communicate with the ECM-remodeling cells. (uky.edu)
By sending signals that limit those cells' ECM production, muscle fiber growth is facilitated. (uky.edu)
It's likely that an insufficient number of stem cells not only impede muscle repair, but also contributes to muscle fibrosis during aging and disease due to inadequate control of the muscle fiber environment," Peterson said. (uky.edu)

Its formation requires the activation and expansion of muscle stem cells, and subsequent differentiation, fusion and maturation of their progenies. (uga.edu)
A goal of this project is to test a fundamental hypothesis: that factors that promote slow muscle differentiation will ameliorate the effects of DMD. (seattlechildrens.org)

By increasing intracellular creatine content, oral creatine ingestion conceivably stimulates operation of the creatine kinase (CK)/phosphocreatine (PCr) system, which in turn facilitates muscle relaxation. (nih.gov)
For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)

In this study, they analyzed whole transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) data to evaluate the effect of nanosilicates and ionic dissolution products on the gene expression profiles of stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
At 1, 3 or 9 days post-injury, the TA muscles were harvested for histology or gene expression evaluation by quantitative real time RT-PCR. (cdc.gov)
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate cell-type specific gene expression, are established during development, and persist for life. (bcm.edu)
Five months of voluntary wheel running downregulates skeletal muscle LINE-1 gene expression in rats. (cdc.gov)

LGMD was used to describe initial weakness in proximal muscles (hip and shoulder girdles) while MMD described initial weakness in the distal muscles of the lower limbs. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, enhanced reabsorption of uric acid distal to the site of secretion is the mechanism thought to be responsible for the hyperuricemia observed with diuretic therapy and diabetes insipidus. (medscape.com)
Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)

Direct optical activation of skeletal muscle fibres efficiently controls muscle contraction and attenuates denervation atrophy. (rndsystems.com)

More than 3 decades ago, the clinical observation that patients with rickets and osteomalacia displayed proximal myopathy suggested a direct link between hypovitaminosis D and muscle function [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this review, we will specifically address the effect of vitamin D on skeletal muscles and its clinical implications, especially frailty and the risk of fall. (hindawi.com)
Cell therapy is currently emerging as a potential new treatment for post MI patients with the assumption that recolonization of the areas of scarred myocardium with exogenously supplied surrogates or precursors of cardiomyocytes can restore function and ultimately affect clinical outcomes. (escardio.org)
In experimental and clinical studies unselected mononuclear bone marrow cells as well as specific subpopulations have been used for transplantation. (escardio.org)

These include bone marrow-derived cells, peripheral blood derived stem cells and skeletal myoblasts (3). (escardio.org)
The resistant state of skeletal myoblasts to ischemia renders these cells suitable candidates for repair of chronically infracted and failing heart (5). (escardio.org)
Myoblasts retain skeletal muscle properties and couple only sporadically to resident cardiomyocytes precluding synchronized contraction as mechanism of benefit (8). (escardio.org)
By overexpressing a protein called NANOG in senescent human myoblasts (the embryonic precursor for muscle cells) in the lab, scientists could reverse the age-related deterioration of the cells and increase their DNA repair mechanisms. (iflscience.com)

This project combines work of two independent investigators working to understand epigenetic mechanisms of developmental programming. (bcm.edu)
Whereas the developmental route of trunk muscles from mesoderm is well studied, that of head muscles is ill defined. (ncbs.res.in)

As well, many older individuals suffer from sarcopenia, a protracted muscle wasting disorder that typically begins after the age of 50 and involves a loss of about 1% of muscle mass per year ( Woo, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)

The major goal of the project will be to characterize the different exosomes populations and their impact on islets cells. (europa.eu)
method to introduce genetic material into select neuronal populations is by virus administration into muscle, which is the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)

Skeletal muscle relaxants have modest, short-term benefit as adjunctive therapy for nociceptive pain associated with muscle strains and, used intermittently, for diffuse and certain regional chronic pain syndromes. (medscape.com)

The mechanism for this calcium activation is unclear. (wikipedia.org)
A putative transmembrane receptor may be responsible for nongenomic effects leading to rapid influx of calcium within muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
and skeletal muscle which is activated by calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). (wikidoc.org)
2019) Correcting the R165K substitution in the first voltage-sensor of Ca V 1.1 right-shifts the voltage-dependence of skeletal muscle calcium channel activation. (i-med.ac.at)
Flucher BE, Campiglio M. (2019) STAC proteins: The missing link in skeletal muscle EC coupling and new regulators of calcium channel function. (i-med.ac.at)
Flucher, B.E. and Tuluc, P. (2017) How and why are calcium currents curtailed in the skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channels? (i-med.ac.at)
Absorption of strontium from the gastrointestinal tract shares a common mechanism with absorption of calcium. (cdc.gov)

Anoctamin proteins are also involved in maintaining the membrane that surrounds cells and repairing the membrane if damaged. (wikipedia.org)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
One clue to this dilemma has emerged from the identification of "targeting" subunits that allow for the compartmentalized activation of the phosphatase, resulting in the specific dephosphorylation of discrete pools of proteins within the cell. (jci.org)
Our research is focused on elucidating the structure and function of titin and nebulin, two large filamentous proteins found in muscle. (bio5.org)
Control of actin filament lengths and dynamics is important for cell motility and architecture and is regulated in part by capping proteins that block elongation and depolymerization at both the fast-growing (barbed) and slow-growing (pointed) ends of the filaments. (bio5.org)
I am especially interested in how contractile proteins of muscle sarcomeres regulate the force and speed of contraction in the heart. (bio5.org)
Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a muscle regulatory protein that speeds actomyosin cycling kinetics in response to adrenaline (b-adrenergic stimuli) and is one of the two most commonly affected proteins linked to HCM. (bio5.org)

Additionally, safe and efficient migration of transplanted cells is critical in cell therapies, both allogeneic and autologous. (crick.ac.uk)
One of the key reasons for this negative outcome is the limited migration of donor cells, which hinders the overall cell engraftment potential. (crick.ac.uk)
Here, we focused on characterizing the effect of age on satellite cell migration. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, aged cells show abnormal membrane extension and retraction characteristics required for amoeboid-based cell migration. (ox.ac.uk)
By deploying a mathematical model approach to investigate mechanism of migration, we have found that young satellite cells move in a random "memoryless" manner, whereas old cells demonstrate superdiffusive tendencies. (ox.ac.uk)
Most importantly, we show that nitric oxide, a key regulator of cell migration, reversed the loss in migration speed and reinstated the unbiased mechanism of movement in aged satellite cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, we found that although hepatocyte growth factor increased the rate of aged satellite cell movement, it did not restore the memoryless migration characteristics displayed in young cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
Moreover, MCT4 overexpression enhances cell migration and invasiveness via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. (hindawi.com)

Although administration of various myogenic cell types has been done intramuscularly or intravascularly, functional restoration has not been achieved yet in patients with degenerative diseases affecting multiple large muscle. (crick.ac.uk)
Furthermore, strategies utilised to improve migratory capacity of myogenic cells are examined in order to identify potential treatments that may be applied to future transplantation protocols. (crick.ac.uk)
Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. (nature.com)
The delayed growth of LBW piglets is mainly due to a slower development of skeletal muscle as the myogenic activity is usually impaired in these animals during the fetal and early postnatal period 3 , 4 . (nature.com)

and from 2002 on pluripotency in embryonic stem cells in the lab of Ali H. Brivanlou. (eurostemcell.org)

Expression of muscle growth related genes was quantified with qPCR. (nature.com)
Aged satellite cells displayed low levels of integrin expression. (ox.ac.uk)
Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
Stable F98 glioma cell lines with MCT4 overexpression, normal expression, and knockdown were generated. (hindawi.com)

In this project, independent researchers are investigating three mechanisms that are likely involved in glucose regulation by the liver. (bcm.edu)
The inherent cell-type specificity of epigenetic regulation motivates development of techniques to isolate and study specific cell types of relevance to obesity and digestive diseases. (bcm.edu)
For this reason, the team of Shahragim Tajbakhsh from Institut Pasteur, in collaboration with the team of Wolf Reik at the Babraham (UK) tried to decipher the relationships between epigenetic regulation of DNA and ageing muscle stem cells. (pasteur.fr)

Mitochondrial circuit prevents widespread damage to heart muscle. (pharmacytimes.com)
The authors of a study published by Cell Reports discovered that these biological mechanisms may prevent damage to the network of mitochondrial circuits that provide energy to the cells. (pharmacytimes.com)
While the skeletal muscle's power grid is a large, interconnected network, the heart muscle's mitochondrial circuit is arranged in parallel rows, according to the study. (pharmacytimes.com)
The mitochondrial power grid was found to be protective against heart disease and could be used to create novel treatments that protect against damage to a variety of muscles, according to the study. (pharmacytimes.com)
We find that low to moderate environmental exposure to arsenic in drinking water promotes skeletal muscle decline by disrupting muscle composition and structure, as well as injuring mitochondria and altering mitochondrial bioenergetics. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial antioxidants reverse the effects of simvastatin-induced reduction of cell viability and irisin release. (medscape.com)

Paolo De Coppi is a Consultant Paediatric Surgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), and Reader and Head of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at the UCL Institute of Child Health in London. (eurostemcell.org)
From a sport viewpoint, it predicts that any benefits of clenbuterol treatment are likely to impose any extra stress on the satellite cells and this method could risk the regenerative capacity in the long term. (wada-ama.org)

Skeletal muscle undergoes a progressive age-related loss in mass and function. (ox.ac.uk)
Reduced satellite cell function may contribute to the age-associated decrease in muscle mass. (ox.ac.uk)
Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. (lu.se)
Hypovitaminosis D is consistently associated with decrease in muscle function and performance and increase in disability. (hindawi.com)
In October 2014, we performed a comprehensive literature search in the bibliographic database "Pubmed," looking at studies discussing the following topics: "hypovitaminosis D and physical performance: observational studies," "can vitamin D supplementation improve muscle function? (hindawi.com)
Ca(2+) permeation and/or binding to CaV1.1 fine-tunes skeletal muscle Ca(2+) signaling to sustain muscle function. (rndsystems.com)
It is now recognized that there is decreased beta-cell function and mass in T2D but the precise underlying mechanism remains to be determined. (europa.eu)
Traumatic skeletal muscle injuries result in profound histopathological changes and loss of muscle function. (cdc.gov)
0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). (jci.org)
Subjects with the most SC WAT beiging showed the greatest improvement in β cell function. (jci.org)
This project, which constitutes a follow-up from a previous work funded by WADA, aims at widening our understanding of the effects of 󤠀2-agonists on muscle function, cognitive function and exercise performance. (wada-ama.org)
But this remodeling process must be tightly regulated - an excessive increase in ECM leads to fibrosis, which prevents proper muscle repair, growth, and function. (uky.edu)
Our results show that that these kinds of messages change the function of the ECM-remodeling cells," Peterson said. (uky.edu)

We have also identified a novel interplay between TAK1 and BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) signaling pathway that promotes muscle growth," said Anirban Roy, PhD, research assistant professor of pharmacology at the University of Houston. (genengnews.com)

Our long-term goal with this project is to achieve a precise understanding of the genetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying early heart development. (seattlechildrens.org)
In stem cells in aged individuals, both transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with ageing have been observed. (pasteur.fr)

Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. (lu.se)
In order to investigate further the angiogenic mechanisms involved in muscle capillarization, endothelial-cellstimulating angiogenic factor activities in various rodent skeletal muscles were compared. (portlandpress.com)

Mechanism of inhibition of skeletal muscle actomyosin by N-benzyl-p-toluenesulfonamide. (rndsystems.com)

Specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node normally determine the overall rate of contractions, with an average resting pulse of 72 beats per minute. (wikidoc.org)
Diazepam is useful in suppressing muscle contractions by facilitating inhibitory GABA neurotransmission and other inhibitory transmitters. (medscape.com)

There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, muscle hypertrophy and glycogen supercompensation are candidate factors to explain the ergogenic potential of creatine ingestion. (nih.gov)
TAK1 signalosome has been found to be activated in various conditions of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. (genengnews.com)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency in patients as well as a requirement for exogenous insulin supplementation for survival [ 6 ]. (karger.com)
To induce experimental T1DM in animals, streptozotocin (STZ) has been widely used due to its cytotoxic activity against pancreatic β-cells [ 7,8 ], and chronic STZ-induced diabetic rodents mimic diabetic complications observed in diabetic humans [ 9 ]. (karger.com)

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of MLD in the treatment of CAG using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. (bvsalud.org)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes dystrophin. (seattlechildrens.org)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy54

Organisms19

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Human skeletal muscle3

Tissues12

Fibers12

Signaling pathways5

Physiology3

Regeneration13

Stem cell19

Molecular16

Proliferation12

Mice14

Tissue11

Adult4

Cardiac16

Regulates6

Metabolism6

Oxidative4

Cellular5

Progenitors3

Nerve Impulses1

Contraction and relaxation2

Glucose uptake1

Findings6

Fiber14

Differentiation2

Intracellular2

Gene expression4

Distal3

Fibres1

Clinical4

Myoblasts4

Developmental2

Sarcopenia1

Populations2

Relaxants1

Calcium7

Proteins8

Migration9

Myogenic4

Embryonic stem1

Expression4

Regulation3

Mitochondrial6

Regenerative2

Function13

Promotes1

Transcriptional2

Rodent2

Actomyosin1

Contractions2

Hypertrophy4

Pancreatic2

Experiments1

Mutations2