InflammationProgressionRole in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosisPathogenesisPrevention and treatment of atherosclerosisAtherosclerotic2019ArterialSymptoms of coronaryOxidationTMAOEndothelial injuryStrokeOxidativeMolecular mechanismsSystemicComplicationsPhysiological mechanismsCellularDysfunctionTherapeutic targetsCarotid arteryGeneticCardiovascular diseasesAngiogenesisChronicCardiacAttributableImmuneMetabolismIntimalEndotheliumOnsetDevelopment2021ElucidateBurdenIncidenceNAFLDMicrobiotaCellsUnclearRisk
Inflammation14
- Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- PVAT inflammation could induce various crucial stages of atherosclerosis by disturbing secretion of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines, inhibiting PVAT cell autophagy, and activating angiogenesis in arterial adventitia, thereby promoting the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. (magtechjournal.com)
- Research progress on the mechanism of perivascular adipose tissue inflammation promoting atherosclerosis[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 685-689. (magtechjournal.com)
- Anti-atherosclerotic effect of the angiotensin 1-7 mimetic AVE0991 is mediated by inhibition of perivascular and plaque inflammation in early atherosclerosis[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2017, 174:4055-4069. (magtechjournal.com)
- Evidence continues to accumulate to suggest important roles for inflammation and genetic factors in the process of atherosclerosis and specifically in stroke. (medscape.com)
- It is generally accepted that dysregulated liver lipid metabolism and inflammation are two crucial mechanisms involved in NAFLD development, although the transcription network and the related epigenome remodeling events remain largely unclarified. (ki.se)
- In rheumatic patients with accelerated inflammatory atherosclerosis and bone loss, the rapid and effective suppression of inflammation in a treat-to-target regime, aiming at clinical remission, is necessary to effectively control comorbidities. (amsterdamumc.org)
- Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
- The role of oxidized phospholipid in atherosclerosis and inflammation. (uclahealth.org)
- The aim of the present study was to determine the pro-angiogenic effects and mechanism of SBP during inflammation or ischemic pathological conditions and elucidate its regulatory effects on endothelial cell function and signaling pathways mediated by macrophages. (visualsonics.com)
- suggests that bilirubin is a potent physiolog- ical antioxidant that may provide important protection against atherosclerosis, CAD and inflammation. (who.int)
- The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S/V on the expression of metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Vascular endothelial cells serve a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating vascular tension, platelet adhesion, inflammation and fibrinolysis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Progression8
- The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown, but there are multiple factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression. (medscape.com)
- From early fatty-streak lesions to advanced plaques, macrophage-derived foam cells are integral to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
- For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)
- In this review, we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and factors that influence the progression of NAFLD, and focus on the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD. (mdpi.com)
- The goals of therapy should include arresting atherosclerosis or even reversing its progression. (medscape.com)
- The primary such as hs-CRP, total homocysteine, as well enzymatic defences are intracellular, but as oxidative stress, have been proposed other antioxidant defences are largely ex- as risk factors for the development and tracellular, including antioxidative sub- progression of atherosclerosis and athero- strates such as uric acid and unconjugated thrombotic cardiovascular disease [10-13]. (who.int)
- During this process, many inflammatory factors are released, leading to aggravated progression of atherosclerosis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- To identify targetable mechanisms and pathways underlying initiation and progression of MARD and CVD. (lu.se)
Role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis1
- E-LDL is recognised by the C1q subunit of C1 and triggers direct C1 activation, suggesting that complement activation by E-LDL may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (europa.eu)
Pathogenesis2
- Moreover, since the discovery of the role of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the two hypotheses have become tightly linked by a number of molecular and cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, the study of ox-LDL-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction can further clarify the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide a more theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis2
- [ 1 ] The prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis requires control of the known modifiable risk factors for this disease. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, S/V might be utilized as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Atherosclerotic4
- It is also emerging as an important factor in atherosclerosis: complement activation, and formation of the terminal C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement were shown to occur in atherosclerotic lesions. (europa.eu)
- Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), in which atherosclerotic changes are present within the walls of the coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
- The term atherosclerosis is derived from the Greek "athero," meaning gruel, or wax, corresponding to the necrotic core area at the base of the atherosclerotic plaque, and "sclerosis" for hardening, or induration, referring to the fibrous cap of the plaque's luminal edge. (medscape.com)
- 1998. Atherosclerotic risks from chemicals: Part I. Toxicological observations and mechanisms of atherosclerosis. (cdc.gov)
20191
- Alogliptin improves endothelial function by promoting autophagy in perivascular adipose tissue of obese mice through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism[J]. Vascul Pharmacol, 2019, 115:55-63. (magtechjournal.com)
Arterial3
- Heterogeneity in arterial stiffening mechanisms with aging may influence cardiovascular disease development. (bvsalud.org)
- Atherosclerosis is an arterial condition characterized by the accumulation mainly of lipid tissue, resulting in the narrowing and stiffening of arteries. (tudelft.nl)
- Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis, which is a general term for several disorders that cause thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms of coronary1
- The treatment goals for patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis are to relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to prevent future cardiac events, such as unstable angina, AMI, and death. (medscape.com)
Oxidation3
- These LDL particles are modified by a number of mechanisms, including enzymatic degradation, aggregation and oxidation. (europa.eu)
- Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
- Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, and low LDL levels reduce the risk of major events in patients with CVD [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
TMAO2
- Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis (AS) partially through inhibiting hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. (nih.gov)
- This publication pulled together data from several studies, both mouse and human, to assess the role of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) on atherosclerosis. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Endothelial injury4
- The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
- According to the current paradigm, atherosclerosis is not a bland cholesterol storage disease, as previously thought, but a dynamic, chronic, inflammatory condition due to a response to endothelial injury. (medscape.com)
- Infections and inflammatory conditions also contribute to endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. (medscape.com)
- Periodontal pathogens can, thus, disseminate through the blood and can contribute to development of adverse systemic effects by direct (endothelial injury or dysfunction) indirect (through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated cytokine profiles) mechanisms [8]. (bvsalud.org)
Stroke1
- Atherosclerosis is the fundamental cause of a series of diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and gangrene ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Oxidative4
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
- With the development of research, the currently recognized mechanisms include lipid metabolism disorder, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and so on ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is widely recognized to participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis through inducing oxidative chain reaction and endothelial dysfunction ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Molecular mechanisms4
- A team of researchers from Japan and the U.S. compiled and described possible molecular mechanisms by which statins could actually accelerate heart disease. (drfuhrman.com)
- But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
- There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
- As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
Systemic1
- Systemic conditions may modify the extent of periodontitis principally through their effects on normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Complications3
- The limited efficacy of current treatment strategies for targeting atherosclerosis and its complications requires new therapeutic options to be explored. (ox.ac.uk)
- Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
- Mechanisms and therapy of atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. (bvsalud.org)
Physiological mechanisms2
Cellular1
- Recognition of ATP-binding cassette cholesterol transport mechanisms and cellular interactions with cholesterol-accepting apolipoproteins (or synthetic mimetics) opens up new potential therapies to induce atherosclerosis regression in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
Dysfunction3
- Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium dysfunction, followed by immune cell (including monocytes) infiltration into the vascular intima to induce forming of plaques. (ki.se)
- Since endothelial dysfunction precedes overt atherosclerosis, investigating the ability of drugs to activate cytoprotective signalling pathways that prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction is an attractive research strategy. (bmj.com)
- From the beginning of this epidemic, NIMH has supported a rigorous and integrated research agenda to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of HIV-induced CNS dysfunction and the establishment and persistence of the HIV reservoir in CNS. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic targets1
- Mechanisms of disease: macrophage-derived foam cells emerging as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Carotid artery2
- Carotid Artery Stiffening With Aging: Structural Versus Load-Dependent Mechanisms in MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). (bvsalud.org)
- Changes in carotid artery stiffness mechanisms over 10 years were compared by age groups with ANCOVA models adjusted for baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors . (bvsalud.org)
Genetic3
- Integrative analysis of hepatic transcriptional profiles reveals genetic regulation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Diversity Outbred-F1 mice. (usda.gov)
- However, the underlying genetic mechanisms and brain structural changes are unknown. (nature.com)
- This indicates that possible genetic mechanisms and brain structural changes may underlie the nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and cognition and mental health. (nature.com)
Cardiovascular diseases1
- These results offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for RSV's anti-AS effects and indicate that the gut microbiota may become an interesting target for pharmacological or dietary interventions to decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. (nih.gov)
Angiogenesis1
- Translational control mechanisms in angiogenesis and vascular biology. (rochester.edu)
Chronic1
- Atherosclerosis is generally considered to be a chronic inflammatory process. (europa.eu)
Cardiac1
- Nevertheless, prevention of cardiac events is likely to have the largest impact on decreasing the burden of atherosclerosis. (medscape.com)
Attributable1
- The high burden of CVD is attributable to the increasing incidence of atherosclerosis. (ki.se)
Immune2
- Here, we aimed to explore the mechanism of immune escape in AML with DNMT3A mutation. (frontiersin.org)
- Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. (medscape.com)
Metabolism1
- Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Intimal1
- Atherosclerosis is characterized by patchy intimal plaques (atheromas) that encroach on the lumen of medium-sized and large arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
Endothelium1
- Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Onset1
- At the onset of atherosclerosis, LDL is deposited on vascular endothelial cells to be oxidized to form ox-LDL, which is then absorbed by macrophages to form foam cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Development6
- Our results have important potential implications in the development of new therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. (europa.eu)
- Ross and Glomset initially proposed that endothelial cell uncovering was the first step in the development of atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Activation of monocytes by pathological factors (i.e. obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia) serves as the key mechanism to promote the disease development. (ki.se)
- These changes can contribute to the development of many diseases and conditions, such as atherosclerosis and some cancers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A 2004 hamster study suggested that consuming black tea or green tea at human equivalent doses might prevent the development of atherosclerosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The inhalation of engineered nanoparticle s stimulates the development of atherosclerosis and impairs vascular function. (cdc.gov)
20211
- Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 antagonizes atherosclerosis by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β production[J]. Sci Adv, 2021, 7:eabl4024. (magtechjournal.com)
Elucidate1
- In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of RCE in endothelial cells challenged with hypoxic exposure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. (mdpi.com)
Burden1
- These findings strongly suggest that the largest impact on decreasing the global burden of atherosclerosis will come from prevention of events. (medscape.com)
Incidence1
- Atherosclerosis is rapidly increasing in prevalence in low and middle income countries, and as people live longer, incidence will increase. (msdmanuals.com)
NAFLD1
- Increased evidence indicates that berberine (BBR), a natural plant product, has beneficial effects on NAFLD, though the mechanisms are not completely known. (mdpi.com)
Microbiota1
- The gut microbiota is found to be strongly associated with atherosclerosis (AS). (nih.gov)
Cells1
- Although statins appear to have side effects that are helpful, such as improving endothelial function (ability of endothelial cells to regulate dilation and contraction of the smooth muscle layer of blood vessels) and reducing inflammatory markers, 10 the question is now being raised whether statins have effects that actually promote atherosclerosis and heart failure, negating these potential benefits. (drfuhrman.com)
Unclear4
- however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. (nih.gov)
- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. (frontiersin.org)
- DNMT3A-mutated AML has high-risk characteristics and shows significantly worse overall survival (OS) ( 2 ), but its mechanism is unclear ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- However, the underlying mechanisms for the increased cardiovascular risk are still unclear. (lu.se)
Risk2
- In addition, addressing risk factors with lifestyle changes is an integral part of atherosclerosis prevention. (medscape.com)
- For example, the nutrients in black tea may reduce the risk of several cancers , protect the heart against atherosclerosis , and help maintain healthy blood pressure . (medicalnewstoday.com)