Mechanisms pulmonary gas exchange. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, in a chronic context, and if the lungs are not well ventilated generally, this mechanism can result in pulmonary hypertension, overloading the right ventricle of the heart and causing cor pulmonale and right sided heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
Here we investigate the role of p22phox, a regulatory subunit of Nox, in COPD lungs, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension. (ersjournals.com)
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is defined as the failure of the normal circulatory transition that occurs after birth. (medscape.com)
It is a syndrome characterized by marked pulmonary hypertension that causes hypoxemia secondary to right-to-left shunting of blood at the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. (medscape.com)
Idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn can present without signs of acute perinatal distress. (medscape.com)
In contrast to adult primary pulmonary hypertension, the newborn syndrome is not defined by a specific pressure of the pulmonary circulation. (medscape.com)
These conditions result in increased lung pressure, called pulmonary hypertension, and cause a major reduction in the quality of life and life expectancy of people who suffer from them. (icm-mhi.org)
We are studying the diseases that cause pulmonary hypertension to elucidate their mechanisms and find treatments. (icm-mhi.org)
We are also developing innovative approaches with molecular imaging to detect pulmonary hypertension at an earlier stage. (icm-mhi.org)
The team members in our laboratory also have expertise in various pre-clinical models of pulmonary hypertension (heart failure, hypoxia, monocrotaline, sugen/hypoxia) and use hemodynamic, molecular biology and histological methods along with cell cultures, isolated pulmonary arteries, isolated lungs and nuclear medicine. (icm-mhi.org)
Our product candidate for the imaging of pulmonary circulation, called PulmoBind, was developed completely at the Montreal Heart Institute and will soon be evaluated in a Phase III study in subjects with pulmonary hypertension. (icm-mhi.org)
PulmoBind may provide an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and help doctors treat this disease. (icm-mhi.org)
Phase I and phase II studies with PulmoBind have been sucessfully completed, and show the product's safety and its unique potential in the diagnosis and follow-up of subjects with pulmonary hypertension. (icm-mhi.org)
Study to elucidate the modifications of endothelial cell calcium homeostasis in pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart failure. (icm-mhi.org)
In this study, we are using a mouse model that we developed in which pulmonary hypertension is secondary to myocardial infarction induced by ligature of the interventricular coronary artery. (icm-mhi.org)
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with major structural remodelling that contributes to shortness of breath in subjects with this condition. (icm-mhi.org)
We are currently evaluating the effect of new therapeutic classes on pulmonary hypertension and heart failure-related pulmonary remodeling. (icm-mhi.org)
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by massive remodeling of the pulmonary vessels from delicate-walled capillaries to thick-walled narrow vessels. (dzl.de)
In the world of pulmonary hypertension, the word 'research' is filled with hope, potential, and excitement. (phacanada.ca)
PHA Canada's scholarship program awards up to $10,000 to outstanding trainees in support of their research into the field of pulmonary hypertension. (phacanada.ca)
She is currently studying the role of inflammation in right ventricular dysfunction in PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension). (phacanada.ca)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pulmonary vasculopathy with an increase in right ventricular afterload. (phacanada.ca)
The resulting hypoxia can be associated with pulmonary hypertension and neurologic damage such as cerebral palsy. (mhmedical.com)
Eisenmenger syndrome refers to any untreated congenital cardiac defect with intracardiac communication that leads to pulmonary hypertension, reversal of flow, and cyanosis. (medscape.com)
Development of the syndrome represents a point at which pulmonary hypertension is irreversible and is an indication that the cardiac lesion is likely inoperable (see the image below). (medscape.com)
This was the first description of a link between a large congenital cardiac shunt defect and the development of pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
Advances in the medical treatment of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension may improve survival in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and may potentially reverse the process in selected patients to a point at which they again become candidates for surgical repair. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of more than 25 mm Hg at rest or more than 30 mm Hg during exercise. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] Eisenmenger syndrome is considered part of the group 1 causes of pulmonary hypertension, according to the Venice classification. (medscape.com)

Optimal V/Q matching occurs when the ratio of the volume of gas to the volume of blood entering the lungs approximates 1. (medscape.com)
blood exchange in normal lungs and mucociliary clearance in the airways. (kent.ac.uk)
concept of pulmonary transepithelial fluid clearance in both normal and diseased lungs. (kent.ac.uk)
To provide blood gas exchange immediately following delivery, the lungs must rapidly fill with air while being cleared of fluid. (mhmedical.com)
Pulmonary edema-defined as excessive extravascular water in the lungs-is a common and serious clinical problem. (thoracickey.com)
Because rational and effective therapy depends on understanding basic principles of normal and abnormal liquid, solute, and protein transport in the lungs, this chapter begins with a brief overview of the major factors that govern fluid and protein filtration in healthy lungs before focusing on the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema. (thoracickey.com)
Pulmonary edema results when fluid is filtered into the lungs faster than it can be removed from them. (thoracickey.com)
Lung structure relevant to the forces governing fluid and protein movement in healthy lungs and lungs with pulmonary edema has been the subject of classic and more recent reviews. (thoracickey.com)
There are several common lung diseases where the gas exchange surface of the lungs (alveoli) becomes damaged including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia. (imperial.ac.uk)
The gross structure of the human gas exchange system limited to the alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea and lungs. (aqa.org.uk)
Ventilation and the exchange of gases in the lungs. (aqa.org.uk)
Students could dissect mammalian lungs, the gas exchange system of a bony fish or of an insect. (aqa.org.uk)
Inside the lungs, the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste through millions of microscopic sacs called alveoli. (tiesen.nl)
Lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system which help in the exchange of gases. (tiesen.nl)
Accurately depicts the mechanism of pulmonary embolism (blood clot), with an embolus forming in the lower extemity and moving through the venous system to lodge in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs. (doctorstock.com)
To sustain life, at birth the lungs undergo a rapid transition from an organ filled with fluid unable to perform sufficient exchange for an air-filled organ that is capable of performing all gas exchange 1 . (bvsalud.org)
The residual fluid, which is in the lungs, is absorbed through the pulmonary capillaries 2 . (bvsalud.org)

The term "non-specific interstitial pneumonia" can apply to a distinct disease classified amongst IIPs (idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia), or a pulmonary histologic pattern that can also be encountered in diverse ILDs of known cause, or even in other IIPs. (ersjournals.com)
Additionally, associated cardiovascular comorbidities are common ( e.g. in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). (ersjournals.com)
Cardiopulmonary exercise test of a 70-year-old male patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) (IPF or CFA) is one of several idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. (atsjournals.org)
The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide assistance to clinicians in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (atsjournals.org)
With a longstanding interest in biomedical research and a passion for better understanding one of the least regenerative organs in the body, the lung, he has spent the past four years helping to uncover some of the mechanisms that may drive a lung disease currently without a cure, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (lu.se)
The focus of my Ph.D. studies has been lung fibrosis, and more specifically, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (lu.se)

The diagnosis is confirmed regardless of the pulmonary arterial pressure, as long as it is accompanied by a right-to-left shunt and absence of congenital heart disease. (medscape.com)
If left unchecked, increased pulmonary blood flow and/or elevated pulmonary arterial pressure can result in remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature, with subsequent obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. (medscape.com)

Although many natural disease processes may involve inadequate uptake and/or delivery of oxygen (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]), the term "asphyxia" is generally reserved for conditions related to abnormal atmosphere and mechanical and chemical effects directly leading to the aforementioned abnormalities. (medscape.com)
The detailed mechanisms of oxygen-induced hypercapnia were examined in 22 patients during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (atsjournals.org)
The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by acute exacerbations, commonly requiring hospital admission and often associated with the development of respiratory failure. (atsjournals.org)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease in which the amount of emphysema and airway disease may be very different between individuals, even in end-stage disease. (ersjournals.com)
In the chronic hypoxic setting, lack of p22phox was associated with improved right ventricular function and decreased pulmonary vascular remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease. (ersjournals.com)
Emphysema formation has been linked to the involvement of the small pulmonary arteries and the endothelium and could be achieved experimentally using vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists [ 3 ] or by chronic smoke exposure [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with COPD document 2004 updates the position papers on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) in 1995 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
By definition, pulmonary oedema from chronic heart failure, neoplastic diseases (lymphangitis carcinomatosa, lymphoma, lepidic growth adenocarcinoma) and chronic infections (pneumocystosis, miliary tuberculosis) are excluded from ILDs of identified cause. (ersjournals.com)
ABSTRACT Pulmonary rehabilitation is a tool that is receiving more acceptance in chronic lung diseases. (who.int)
A retrospective study was made in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory parameters and health care utilization in a group of outpatients with chronic lung diseases other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (who.int)
Many acute and chronic lung disorders with variable degrees of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis are collectively referred to as interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. (atsjournals.org)
Inadequate pulmonary ventilation (e.g. in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or respiratory arrest ). (wikidoc.org)
In Germany, 13.2% of the population older than 40 are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (medindia.net)
By 2020, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (medindia.net)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects millions of people worldwide and is responsible for numerous deaths due to complications. (medindia.net)
Childhood measles was found to be associated to increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) later in life, especially in middle age. (medindia.net)
All patients presented with coronary insufficiency confirmed by coronary cineangiographic studies, left ventricular ejection fractions greater than 50% and absence of acute or chronic pulmonary disease. (rbccv.org.br)
A therapy with the noble gas radon can be used in the treatment of painful, chronic inflammatory diseases as patients report long-lasting analgesic effects. (mdpi.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition that progresses with time and makes it hard to breathe. (tiesen.nl)

The changes in the small pulmonary arteries are characterised by wall thickening with neomuscularisation and rarefaction of the very distal vessels generally referred to as pulmonary vascular remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) is the obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by an embolic solid, fluid, or gas. (amboss.com)
A blood clot (e.g., from deep vein thrombosis ) that lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk as it splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries . (amboss.com)
Can obstruct blood flow through the pulmonary arteries and lead to right heart strain, hemodynamic instability , and/or death . (amboss.com)
Why do two key fetal blood vessels, the ductus arteriosus and the pulmonary arteries, have opposite responses to the rise in blood oxygen that occurs with the newborn's first breath? (phacanada.ca)
In addition to the vast interconnecting network of capillaries embedded in the alveolar walls, fluid is exchanged across capillaries in the interstitium at alveolar wall junctions (corner vessels) and across small interstitial arteries and veins. (thoracickey.com)

In conclusion, we demonstrate a delicate balance between development of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury and right ventricular function during lung transplantation. (bvsalud.org)

Hypoxemia can cause hypoxia (hypoxemic hypoxia), but hypoxia can also occur via other mechanisms, such as anemia. (wikipedia.org)
The NAPDH oxidase (Nox) family is emerging as a key disease-related factor in vascular diseases, but currently its role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary remodelling in COPD remains unclear. (ersjournals.com)
Hypoxia-driven pulmonary vascular remodelling is one of the underlying mechanisms, although many other mechanisms may contribute [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Generalised hypoxia occurs in healthy people when they ascend to high altitude, where it causes altitude sickness , and the potentially fatal complications of altitude sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema ( HAPE ) and high altitude cerebral edema ( HACE ). (wikidoc.org)
Hypoxia also occurs in healthy individuals when breathing mixtures of gases with a low oxygen content, for example while diving underwater, especially with closed-circuit rebreather systems that control the amount of oxygen in the air breathed in. (wikidoc.org)
Hypoxia-induced responses of porcine pulmonary veins. (worktribe.com)
The pulmonary vein (PV) constricts to hypoxia however little is known about the underlying mechanisms. (worktribe.com)

Mechanisms of exercise limitation in interstitial lung diseases. (ersjournals.com)
Ventilatory inefficiency and impairment of pulmonary gas exchange are key mechanisms of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). (ersjournals.com)
Panel members are experts in adult pulmonary diseases. (atsjournals.org)
Pulmonary System provides a fundamental understanding of pulmonary basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to pulmonary diseases. (wmed.edu)
Despite not having a standardized measurement parameter, the excess of neutrophil extracellular traps corresponds conception, manuscript to the severity of tissue damage observed in patients with respiratory tract infections, revealing the important prognostic role design, literature search, data of the neutrophil response and NETosis process in pulmonary infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Likewise, increased pulmonary blood flow to the remaining tissue may contribute to tissue distension and enhance parenchymal perfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. (medscape.com)

New study revealed that the level of evidence in favor of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in COPD is high. (medindia.net)

Traditionally, the conditions leading to asphyxia have included breathing an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and/or interference with the act of breathing (ie, inhaling and exhaling) and/or respiration (ie, gas exchange and the utilization of oxygen). (medscape.com)
While there is general agreement that an arterial blood gas measurement which shows that the partial pressure of oxygen is lower than normal constitutes hypoxemia, there is less agreement concerning whether the oxygen content of blood is relevant in determining hypoxemia. (wikipedia.org)
Ventilation, cardiac output, and the distribution of ventilation-perfusion (V˙ a /Q˙ ) ratios were measured using the multiple inert gas elimination technique breathing air and then 100% oxygen through a nose mask. (atsjournals.org)
Ventilation/perfusion studies have shown no clinically significant effects on pulmonary gas exchange or arterial oxygen tension. (theodora.com)
Arterial blood gas levels (through an indwelling line [eg, umbilical arterial catheter or preductal peripheral arterial line]): To assess the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) which might be higher in the preductal arterial line. (medscape.com)
This course covers the respiratory system from the standpoints of its anatomic and histological structure, functions including respiration and its mechanisms and characteristics, airway resistance, gas diffusion in the lung, and gas exchange and transport, pulmonary function tests, chemical properties of oxygen, its transport and abnormalities and respiratory alkalosis and acidosis. (hu.edu.jo)
Arterial blood gas analysis ( ABG ) may be normal or show low partial oxygen pressure and respiratory alkalosis . (amboss.com)
In the surfactant washout animal model of acute lung injury, redistribution of pulmonary blood flow does not seem to be a major factor for the observed increase of arterial oxygen tension during partial liquid ventilation. (silverchair.com)
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs before exhalation. (tiesen.nl)
[ 3 ] The respiratory centers in the brainstem track mechanical constraints (low lung volumes, resistance to airflow) and gas-exchange abnormalities (oxygen, pH, and carbon dioxide changes) during sleep. (medscape.com)

Pulmonary venoarterial shunts and alveolar hypoventilation result in V/Q mismatch, which is probably the most important mechanism of gas exchange impairment in infants with respiratory failure due to various causes, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). (medscape.com)
Pulmonary and alveolar ventilation. (uninsubria.eu)
Alveolar-capillary diffusion of respiratory gases. (uninsubria.eu)
In this review, we describe the major mechanisms of damage, regeneration, and repair within the alveolar niche where gas exchange occurs. (mendeley.com)
We observed a positive correlation between GH level at diagnosis and DLCO value, showing that acromegalic patients have an increase in static and dynamic respiratory volumes and alveolar-capillary exchange surface compared to the general population. (scirp.org)
The results of this study add new information on lung volume and alveolar gas exchange in acromegaly. (scirp.org)
The essential features of the alveolar epithelium as a surface over which gas exchange takes place. (aqa.org.uk)
With this model animals were exposed and alveolar macrophages recovered to evaluate sister chromatid exchanges. (cdc.gov)

Colloquially known as blood clots, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are forms of venous thromboembolism (VTE). (medscape.com)
Ventilatory responses and pulmonary gas exchange variables were measured breath-by-breath while 'arterialized'-venous blood was sampled from the dorsum of the heated hand for determination of [lactate], pH, and [K+]. (elsevierpure.com)

Liquid and solute exchanges between capillaries and interstitial tissue. (uninsubria.eu)
In contrast to later postnatal development in mammals, the pulmonary BGB in chick develops primarily in ovo prior to hatching and is characterized by a massive increase in air and blood capillaries, which develop with a progressive reduction of the lung interstitium [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

It can also be classified according to its severity, which is determined on the basis of the presence or absence of hemodynamic instability, the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms, and the anatomic location of the embolism in the pulmonary vasculature. (medscape.com)

The final image shows the lung tissue showing the embolus lodged in the blocked pulmonary artery. (doctorstock.com)

The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the pulmonary system including embryology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and immunology, and relating these to pathologies of the pulmonary system. (wmed.edu)

Both in vitro systems were exposed to MWCNTs either pre-coated with a porcine pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf) or not. (biomedcentral.com)

Pulmonary circulation represents a vast surface for gas exchange to allow blood to become oxygenated and many circulating substances to be metabolized. (icm-mhi.org)
Our laboratory studies the modifications of pulmonary circulation in various pathological conditions. (icm-mhi.org)
Shunts in the pulmonary circulation or a right-to-left shunt in the heart. (wikidoc.org)
Clinical problems and pulmonary function test data is examined at the molecular level, the level of the alveolus, the chest wall, and the pulmonary circulation. (wmed.edu)

Partial pneumonectomy (PNX), the surgical removal of a lung lobe or lobes, substantially diminishes diffusion capacity by reducing the total number of alveoli and the associated vasculature available for gas exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been proposed that partial liquid ventilation (PLV) causes a compression of the pulmonary vasculature by the dense perfluorocarbons and a subsequent redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dorsal to better-ventilated middle and ventral lung regions, thereby improving arterial oxygenation in situations of acute lung injury. (silverchair.com)

Newborns are vulnerable to impaired gas exchange because of their high metabolic rate, propensity for decreased functional residual capacity (FRC), decreased lung compliance, increased resistance, and potential for right-to-left shunts through the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, or both. (medscape.com)

At present, there is a lack of effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and a number of studies have confirmed that curcumin (CUR) has a good effect on PF. (frontiersin.org)
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and evolve to pulmonary fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)

In co-cultures of PASMC and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PMVEC), SPARC was shown to be secreted by PMVEC and to induce proliferation of PASMC. (dzl.de)
CPB induces an inflammatory response, causing an increase in the endothelial and pulmonary parenchymatous injury, contributing to the appearance of atelectasis, an increase in the shunt and reductions of both pulmonary complacency and gas exchange [1,5,6]. (rbccv.org.br)

Optimal ventilatory strategies provide the best possible gas exchange, with minimal or no lung injury or other adverse effects. (medscape.com)
The neurological basis of ventilatory control is investigated, and the role of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in ventilatory drive are uncovered, including a detailed overview of the biochemistry of hydrogen buffering and the mixed physiological buffering mechanisms of the blood. (wmed.edu)
We examined the control characteristics of this compensatory mechanism in seven healthy subjects performing incremental cycle ergometry to their limit of tolerance at different levels of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) at 0, 15, 30, and 45 Torr in order to determine if LBPP could alter the occurrence of the ventilatory threshold. (elsevierpure.com)
AT was determined, based on 1) blood lactate concentrations (Lactate-AT), 2) respiratory exchange ratio (RER-AT), 3) V- slope method (Vslope-AT), and 4) ventilatory equivalent for VO 2 (EqO 2 -AT). (jssm.org)
Exercise responses at the gas exchange threshold, peak, and for measures of ventilatory efficiency (e.g. (cdc.gov)

Although some of the fluid is expelled as the chest is compressed during vaginal delivery, most is absorbed through the pulmonary lymphatics via complex mechanisms described in Chapter 32 (p. 586). (mhmedical.com)
Pulmonary edema can be life-threatening, but effective therapy is available to rescue patients from the deleterious consequences of disturbed lung fluid balance, which usually can be identified and, in many instances, corrected. (thoracickey.com)
Accumulation of fluid has serious consequences on lung function because gas exchange is greatly impaired in fluid-filled alveoli. (thoracickey.com)
The term microvascular bed (or barrier ), is used throughout this chapter to refer to sites of fluid exchange. (thoracickey.com)
Most cells are too far away from exchange surfaces, and from each other, for simple diffusion alone to maintain the composition of tissue fluid within a suitable metabolic range. (aqa.org.uk)
However, several mechanisms work together to reduce and eliminate the amount of pulmonary fluid. (bvsalud.org)

In this blog post, we are going to share a free Video download of CHEST: Pediatric Pulmonary Board Review On Demand 2020 using direct links. (medicalstudyzone.com)
Now before that we move on to sharing the free PDF download of CHEST: Pediatric Pulmonary Board Review On Demand 2020 with you, here are a few important details regarding this book which you might be interested. (medicalstudyzone.com)
CHEST: Pediatric Pulmonary Board Review On Demand 2020 is one of the best Videos for quick review. (medicalstudyzone.com)
Get access to all recorded sessions from the 2020 Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Board Review course. (medicalstudyzone.com)

Aim of the present study was to investigate if the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant has an influence on potential adverse effects, upon both (i) human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) monocultures, and (ii) a sophisticated in vitro model of the human epithelial airway barrier. (biomedcentral.com)

Pulmonary surfactant is an essential lipid-protein complex that stabilizes the respiratory units (alveoli) involved in gas exchange. (nih.gov)
In the alveoli, MWCNTs first interact with the pulmonary surfactant. (biomedcentral.com)

Beryllium produces health effects ranging from sensitization without evidence of disease to clinically apparent pulmonary disease. (cdc.gov)

The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding and highlight important knowledge gaps in surfactant homeostatic mechanisms. (nih.gov)
At this interface, proteins and lipids of the pulmonary surfactant bind to MWCNTs, affecting their surface characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study clearly indicates that the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant more than the functionalization of the tubes is a key factor in determining their ability to cause oxidative stress, cytokine/chemokine release and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus the coating of nano-objects with pulmonary surfactant should be considered for future lung in vitro risk assessment studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, we provide a physiological basis for potential benefit of extracorporeal life support technology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to the abundant literature of mechanical pulmonary artery clamping to increase right ventricular afterload, we developed a model adding a biological factor of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. (bvsalud.org)

This article reviews assisted ventilation of the newborn, highlighting the concepts of pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, respiration control, and lung injury that can be used to enhance conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) so as to improve survival and reduce adverse effects. (medscape.com)

We found that forcing entire right ventricular cardiac output through a lung suffering from ischemia-reperfusion injury increased afterload (pulmonary vascular resistance from baseline to end experiment P (bvsalud.org)
Patients in underdeveloped countries are more likely to present late with uncorrected congenital cardiac lesions and a markedly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (medscape.com)

To test the hypothesis that prone position ventilation, nitric oxide, and almitrine bismesylate, each acting by a different mechanism to improve arterial oxygenation, could exert additive beneficial effects when used in combination in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (nih.gov)
PARTIAL liquid ventilation (PLV), combining the intrapulmonary instillation of perfluorocarbons in volumes up to the lung's functional residual capacity with conventional mechanical gaseous ventilation (GV), 1 is a new therapeutic strategy to improve gas exchange and ventilation-perfusion distribution in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. (silverchair.com)

Also the pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry and arterial gasometer. (rbccv.org.br)
Patients underwent the following evaluations: GH and IGF-1 serum levels, arterial blood gas test, spirometry, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO), home-based cardiorespiratory sleep and pulmonary function test. (scirp.org)

Secondary outcomes included other pulmonary variables, the incidence of in-hospital complications, markers of oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. (silverchair.com)

Advanced pulmonary and hemodynamic assessment was used, including right ventricular pressure-volume loop analysis. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment for massive PE with hemodynamic instability additionally involves restoring pulmonary perfusion with thrombolytic agents and/or embolectomy. (amboss.com)

This radiograph reveals an enlarged right heart and pulmonary artery dilatation in a 24-year-old woman with an unrestricted patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and Eisenmenger syndrome. (medscape.com)

Only mammals and birds have a complete separation of pulmonary and systemic circulations [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Initial number of emergency department visits and hospital admissions and use of prednisone and antibiotics were significantly associated with adherence to the pulmonary rehabilitation programme. (who.int)
Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is an individual, patient-centered therapy program that is based on a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and consists of patient education/training, physical exercise, and behavioral training. (medindia.net)

The clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic to obstructive shock , depending on the extent of pulmonary artery obstruction. (amboss.com)
A tentative diagnosis of PE is usually based on history and clinical suspicion, then confirmed with CT pulmonary angiography ( CTPA ). (amboss.com)
intratracheally delivered for clinical models of lung injury with unknown mechanisms. (kent.ac.uk)
To evaluate the prevalence and clinical performance of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in acromegalic patients, focusing on the possible correlation between alterations of pulmonary microcirculation and patient's clinical and hormonal parameters. (scirp.org)

Many of our research projects use lung slices (also known as precision-cut lung slices, PCLS) to investigate mechanisms of lung injury and repair. (imperial.ac.uk)
Gas exchange, hemodynamics, and pulmonary blood flow were determined in both groups before and after the induction of acute lung injury and at corresponding time points 1 and 2 h after each instillation of perfluorocarbon in the PLV group. (silverchair.com)
During partial liquid ventilation, there were no changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution when compared with values obtained after induction of acute lung injury in the PLV group or to the animals submitted to gaseous ventilation. (silverchair.com)
The authors hypothesized that limb RIPC would reduce lung injury in patients undergoing pulmonary resection. (silverchair.com)

Relations between ventilator-controlled variables (shaded circles) and pulmonary mechanics (unshaded circles) that determine minute ventilation during pressure-limited time-cycled ventilation. (medscape.com)
Dashed lines represent relations that cannot be calculated precisely without considering other variable such as pulmonary mechanics. (medscape.com)
A specific threshold of increased respiratory effort, in response to derangements in mechanics or gas exchange, triggers an arousal from sleep. (medscape.com)

Hypoxic PV constriction is proposed to recruit upstream capillary beds and optimise gas exchange in healthy humans and may play a role in high alti. (worktribe.com)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the pulmonary function in patients following on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). (rbccv.org.br)
Method: Thirty patients (mean age 56.76 ± 10.20 years) were allocated to two groups, according to the use or not of cardiopulmonary bypasses: group A (n=15) off-pump and group B (n=15) on-pump, with all patients undergoing pre- and post-operative evaluation of the pulmonary function as well as arterial blood gases analysis. (rbccv.org.br)
The involvement of the pulmonary function after heart surgery is multifactorial. (rbccv.org.br)
However, different authors have reported divergent results when comparing the pulmonary function after on-pump and off-pump surgeries [11,l2]. (rbccv.org.br)
The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the pulmonary function in patients who underwent on-pump and off pump CABG. (rbccv.org.br)
The mammalian lung has an enormous environmental-epithelial interface that is optimized to accomplish the principal function of the respiratory system, gas exchange. (mendeley.com)

Performance of the heart.Respiratory System:Composition of atmospheric air and partial gas pressures. (uninsubria.eu)
An intracardiac communication allows high pulmonary artery pressures to develop and produces right-to-left intracardiac blood flow. (medscape.com)

The immediate challenge to a pneumonectomized animal is to maintain adequate gas exchange following resection of lung tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
In a randomized, prospective, parallel, controlled trial, 216 patients undergoing elective thoracic pulmonary resection under one-lung ventilation with propofol-remifentanil anesthesia were randomized 1:1 to receive either limb RIPC or conventional lung resection (control). (silverchair.com)

Une étude rétrospective a été menée à Riyad (Arabie saoudite) pour connaître l'impact de la rééducation pulmonaire d'une part sur les paramètres respiratoires d'un groupe de patients en consultation externe pour des affections pulmonaires chroniques autres que la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) et d'autre part sur leur utilisation des soins de santé. (who.int)

The human respiratory system functions are mentioned below: The respiratory system helps in breathing, known as pulmonary ventilation. (tiesen.nl)

Suspect PPHN whenever the level of hypoxemia is out of proportion to the level of pulmonary disease. (medscape.com)
Hypercapnia and hypoxemia may coexist, though some disorders may affect gas exchange differentially. (medscape.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes23

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Hypertension29

Lungs17

Idiopathic7

Arterial pressure2

Chronic20

Arteries6

Development of pulmonary1

Hypoxia7

Diseases5

Increased pulmonary blood flow2

COPD1

Oxygen10

Alveolar8

Venous2

Capillaries2

Embolism1

Blocked pulmonary artery1

Physiology1

Porcine pulmonary1

Circulation4

Vasculature2

Shunts1

Fibrosis2

Endothelial2

Ventilatory5

Fluid6

20204

Airway1

Alveoli2

Clinically1

Surfactant4

Right ventricular afterload1

Respiration1

Vascular resistance2

Acute respirat2

Spirometry2

Secondary1

Hemodynamic2

Ductus arteriosus1

Systemic1

Rehabilitation2

Clinical4

Lung injury4

Mechanics3

Capillary1

Function6

Pressures2

Resection2

Obstructive1

Respiratory System1

Hypoxemia2