Mechanism synaptic transmission. Medical search. Frequent questions

She completed the revisions of her major paper on the synaptic adhesion-like molecule, SALM1, and the role of dileucine and PDZ-binding motifs in its trafficking in hippocampal neurons. (grantome.com)
We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
Neurons receive inputs mainly through dendrites, which play a role in spatio-temporal computation, leading to the firing of an action potential which subsequently travels to synaptic terminals passing through axons. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the mechanism of how axo-axonic synapses work, most of these synapses are inhibitory, and yet a few show excitatory effects in postsynaptic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
In this manner the neurons strike a "balance" that allows for neurons to become activated and convey discrete synaptic signals, while preventing excessive excitation. (frontiersin.org)
Illustration representing astrocyte responsiveness to dopamine and the bidirectional communication flow between astrocytes and neurons with depression of excitatory post synaptic currents. (nature.com)
We are looking at the molecular mechanism of synaptic transmission or how neurons communicate in the brain," said Xue. (sciencedaily.com)
1) Mechanisms that control vesicular release.The activity of individual neurons make up the basic unit of neuronal circuit behavior. (uab.edu)
Our laboratories use biophysical, electrophysiological, molecular biological and histological methods to determine fundamental molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters are released from primary sensory cells ('hair cells') to excite second order neurons carrying information to the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
2023 ) Synaptic and cellular endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms regulate stress-induced plasticity of nucleus accumbens somatostatin neurons. (neurotree.org)
Synaptic transmission is the major mechanism by which neurons in our brain communicate with each other. (balzan.org)
These synaptic vesicles contain the neurotransmitter, which is expelled into the narrow space between the sending and receiving neurons. (balzan.org)
This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)
aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic responses in hippocampal CA1 neurons. (tocris.com)
Arc capsids, released from neurons, have been proposed as a novel intercellular mechanism for mRNA transmission. (lu.se)

Excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is predominantly mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, while inhibitory transmission is mediated mainly by the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). (frontiersin.org)
They discovered that excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signals contributed to different frequencies of oscillations, with excitation from the entorhinal cortex generating theta oscillations and inhibition by local dentate gyrus interneurons generating gamma oscillations. (ist.ac.at)
Recently neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors emerged as strong regulators of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CNS thus offering a potent tool to counteract the seizure activity. (lu.se)
We explore the role of neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors in modulation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and epileptogensis in the brain. (lu.se)

Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus is altered in mice that lack SHANK2. (sfari.org)
The Neuroscience Research Group conducts basic and translational research within the areas of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus, memory mechanisms and hippocampal function, neural mechanisms related to regulation and transmission of pain, sleep mechanisms and cognitive function and depression. (uib.no)

Our research focuses on the details of fast synaptic transmission. (uab.edu)

Another was a study on super resolution microscopy that revealed the slightly different localization of the MAGUKs (synaptic scaffolding proteins), SAP102 and PSD-95 a difference that required super resolution to identify. (grantome.com)
The third was a review article on the scaffolding proteins, MAGUKs, and their role in synaptic development and plasticity. (grantome.com)
In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
In the 1980s evidence had been provided that a complex of synaptic proteins (the so-called SNARE complex consisting of Synaptobrevin, Syntaxin, and SNAP-25) is involved in many forms of membrane fusion. (balzan.org)
Efficient, complete deletion of synaptic proteins using CRISPR. (academictree.org)

Short-term synaptic plasticity (facilitation and depression) is altered in mice bearing 22q11.2 deletions and other mouse models. (sfari.org)
Can the relative influence of short-term synaptic plasticity (facilitation, depression) be distinguished from long-term synaptic plasticity in maintaining local circuit function and relevant behaviors? (sfari.org)

Our lab is using dendritic patch clamp recordings to examine mechanisms of synaptic transmission at this first, critical synapse in the auditory pathway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
As well mediating most synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors are involved in the processes of synapse formation, stabilization and plasticity. (portlandpress.com)

In contrast, if anoxia is prolonged or if adult hippocampal slices are subjected to OGD under conditions that model cerebral ischemia, in vivo , the loss of synaptic transmission may become irreversible ( Zhu and Krnjević, 1999 ). (jneurosci.org)
The CaMKII/NMDA receptor complex controls hippocampal synaptic transmission by kinase-dependent and independent mechanisms. (academictree.org)

It has been shown that both multiple infection and recombination can be promoted by direct cell-to-cell transmission of the virus through virological synapses (known as synaptic transmission), as synaptic transmission typically involves the simultaneous transfer of multiple viruses from the source cell to the target cell. (escholarship.org)

In the next phase of study on mGluR5-induced melanoma, he focused on the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis of melanocytes by mGluR5 ectopic expression. (grantome.com)
He also studies the molecular mechanisms involved in changes to our nervous system (plasticity). (peoplebehindthescience.com)
At metabotropic synapses, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. (nih.gov)
The Lane laboratory is focused on understanding molecular mechanisms underlying chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly the pathogenesis of nasal polyps, as well as inflammation on the olfactory epithelium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
He is an expert in molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell biology and dysfunction linked to human brain disorders. (michaeljfox.org)

Neuronal excitation is also influenced by the amounts of neurotransmitter receptors and signaling molecules retained at particular synaptic sites. (frontiersin.org)
Thus the mechanisms that control the developmental and activity-dependent changes in the functional synaptic expression of AMPA receptors are of fundamental importance. (portlandpress.com)
The glutamate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are critically involved in the excitatory synaptic transmission, and blocking AMPARs at the spinal level reverses neuropathic pain. (aspetjournals.org)

His laboratory continues to study mechanisms that regulate vesicular release and neuro-glial signaling. (uab.edu)
By recording and imaging Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia, we study how transporters can influence the strength of synaptic signals and regulate the signal transduction pathways underlying cerebellar long-lasting plasticity. (uab.edu)
2023 ) Opposing retrograde and astrocyte-dependent endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms regulate lateral habenula synaptic transmission. (neurotree.org)
Genes that regulate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, including ARC, have been implicated in autism. (sfari.org)

Here we begin with studies of the balance between excitation and inhibition, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuromodulators. (sfari.org)

In addition, glutamate released into the synaptic cleft is cleared via transporters found on the postsynaptic Purkinje cells. (uab.edu)
By combining these methods, we aim to better understand how glutamate transporters shape synaptic signals and their physiological roles in normal and pathological states. (uab.edu)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated synaptic plasticity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a target for stress, anxiety and addiction disorders. (neurotree.org)
Among the drugs proposed is riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole), which was originally developed as an anticonvulsant [ 29 ] but has been used in a number of trials for psychiatric conditions in which glutamate excess has been proposed as part of the pathologic mechanism [ 30 - 33 ]. (hindawi.com)

Consequently, both GABA A responses and synaptic transmission within the hippocampus were restored. (jneurosci.org)
In research published this week in the journal Neuron , postdoc Alejandro Pernía-Andrade and Professor Peter Jonas, both at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), discovered the synaptic mechanisms underlying oscillations at the dentate gyrus (main entrance of the hippocampus). (ist.ac.at)
To understand how oscillations are generated and which synaptic events trigger these oscillations, the researchers looked at synaptic transmission in granule cells (principal cells at the main entrance of the hippocampus) from both the extracellular (oscillations) and the intracellular perspectives (synaptic currents and neuronal firing), and then correlated the two. (ist.ac.at)

However, little is known about changes in the composition of synaptic AMPARs in the spinal dorsal horn after peripheral nerve injury. (aspetjournals.org)

For his pioneering studies on the molecular characterization of synaptic vesicles and the roles of protein complexes in the process of exocytosis - an essential mechanism for the transmission of signals in the nervous system. (balzan.org)
The precise, high-resolution recording from granule cells necessary for these discoveries was possible only through technological innovations by Pernía-Andrade and Jonas, as previously no equipment was available to record synaptic signals in active rats in such high resolution. (ist.ac.at)
Gene mutations that cause autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness disrupt the transmission of visual signals between rod cells and bipolar cells or interfere with the bipolar cells' ability to pass on these signals. (medlineplus.gov)

First, he made a major contribution to the identification of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin, the Ca++-sensor for triggering exocytosis. (balzan.org)
More recently, Reinhard Jahn's proteomic study of the molecular constituents of synaptic vesicles has been very important, culminating in a three-dimensional molecular model of a synaptic vesicle. (balzan.org)
Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Pathway Determines Neurotransmitter Content and Release Properties. (academictree.org)
ii) co-operating with SNAREs to promote synaptic vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane. (anr.fr)

I want to talk to someone about my research proposal (basic research, neural mechanisms, or disease mechanisms). (nih.gov)

While behavioral paradigms and outcome measures can be incorporated into the research design to facilitate the characterization of intracellular, transcellular, and circuit mechanisms, these are neither required nor expected. (nih.gov)
Classically the V-ATPase is a proton pump that ensures the acidification of intracellular compartments, including those destined for secretion and notably synaptic vesicles. (anr.fr)

This may prevent the activation of downstream cell death mechanisms and restore Cl - homeostasis and neuronal function. (jneurosci.org)

Modulation of pain occurs at multiple levels along the nociceptive pathway, and numerous peripheral as well as central mechanisms contribute to both pronociceptive as well as antinociceptive activity. (medscape.com)

Novel and emerging therapeutics are focusing on the neurosteroid mechanism within the integrated hypothesis. (psychiatrist.com)
Neuroactive steroids are changing the understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and PPD, and novel and emerging therapeutics with new mechanisms of action based on these findings are impacting the treatment paradigm for this widespread and burdensome disorder. (psychiatrist.com)

Neuroscientists are not only fascinated by this astonishing speed, but they also recognize that disturbing the speed of synaptic transmission has deleterious consequences on brain function and can lead to various diseases of the nervous system including schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
The direct action of riluzole evoking BDNF release from human platelets at therapeutic concentrations is important and may contribute to the understanding of its mechanisms of action in the treatment of depression. (hindawi.com)

We aim to study how the mechanisms of synaptic transmission and the regulation of vesicular fusion affect Purkinje cell integration and firing properties. (uab.edu)
The regulation of synaptic timing by vesiclular release may be a generalized mechanism for refining temporal signaling throughout the nervous system. (uab.edu)
Moisa, S.S. and Nozdrachev, A.D. (2011) Mechanisms of Regulation of Calcium and Carbohydrate Metabolism (Monograph). (scirp.org)

Eliminating α2δ4 in mice abolishes rod synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission to rod ON-bipolar cells, and disrupts postsynaptic mGluR6 clustering. (nih.gov)

Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways. (springer.com)
The resulting paradigms, component pathways, and biological processes should be disseminated with sufficient detail to enrich common and/or federated data resources (e.g., those contributing to the Gene Ontology, Synaptic Gene Ontology, FAIR Data Informatics) in order to bridge the gap between disease risk factors, biological mechanism and therapeutic target identification. (nih.gov)
What molecular pathways are involved in changes in synaptic plasticity and their reversal? (sfari.org)

Physiological mechanisms of the stimulating effect of insulin hypoglycemia on calcitonin secretion were studied in double-side adrenalectomized and pancreatectomized rats and under the blocking synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglions or via peripheral cholino- and adreno-receptor structures. (scirp.org)

In this review, the possible mechanisms of action will be discussed, and future challenges in the development of novel compounds will be addressed. (frontiersin.org)
The chemical changes occurring in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish Cambarus clarkii during these two types of contraction were investigated in order to obtain evidence on two possible mechanisms by which the two contractions might occur in the same muscle fiber. (caltech.edu)
Possible Mechanisms of Recall and Recognition. (diaphanes.de)

Name physiological mechanisms where transport is operational? (fsu.edu)
However, the underlying physiological mechanisms in human subjects are not fully understood. (researchgate.net)

The theoretical implications of this finding are discussed and a hypothesis offered to explain the mechanism which makes the two contraction types possible. (caltech.edu)
An hypothesis with regard to the mechanism of the crayfish heart beat and its control is presented. (caltech.edu)
Another hypothesis, not entirely independent of the first, suggests that autism-related changes in synaptic transmission depend on neuronal activity, or experience. (sfari.org)

2023 ) Cannabidiol Differentially Modulates Synaptic Release and Cellular Excitability in Amygdala Subnuclei. (neurotree.org)

We show this coordination requires an extracellular protein, α2δ4, which complexes with Ca V 1.4 and the rod synaptogenic mediator, ELFN1, for trans-synaptic alignment with mGluR6. (nih.gov)
His lab has pioneered applications of innovative proteomics and genome engineering approaches to reveal cell-type-specific protein machinery that governs synaptic transmission in vivo. (michaeljfox.org)
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. (lu.se)

This compensatory process occurs over a time scale of 2-3 days, ensuring that discrete synaptic events are not lost, but rather the system "set point" is readjusted. (frontiersin.org)
How do compensatory changes in synaptic function alter the initial perturbation in E/I balance? (sfari.org)

His research interests are the mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the nervous system. (ohsu.edu)

We study how synaptic transmission contributes to the timing of information processing: from vesicular release and transmitter clearance to the plasticity between cerebellar elements. (uab.edu)

Control tests had shown that nicotine in this concentration blocks transmission in 1-2 minutes. (caltech.edu)

The work of Reinhard Jahn and collaborators contributed the most decisive insights into the mechanisms of action of the complex. (balzan.org)

In vivo , diazepam is neuroprotective when given early after ischemia, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. (jneurosci.org)

Ramón y Cajal's observations align with the traditional view of astrocytes as support cells and the more recent lines of evidence revealing astrocytes as active regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (nature.com)

Interestingly, a number of findings from postmortem brain studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits of GABA-mediated synaptic transmission [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Prior to the discovery of axo-axonic synapses, physiologists predicted the possibility of such mechanisms as early as in year 1935, following their observations of electrophysiological recordings and quantal analysis of brain segments. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are fundamental components of brain information processing and possess the ability to respond to synaptic signaling with increases in cytoplasmic calcium and modulate neuronal activity with the subsequent release of neuroactive transmitters. (nature.com)
Our findings of degenerative changes in the dog brain during SARS-CoV-2 infection emphasize the potential for transmission to other hosts and induction of similar signs and symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Schematic diagram representing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs and brain of animals with potential for human transmission and homology of ACE2 amino acid sequences in study of the. (cdc.gov)
One of the specific aims of this research line is to use both direct and indirect targeted gene transfer of neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors into the different brain regions to investigate mechanistic aspects of their action on synaptic transmission and epileptogensis. (lu.se)
This signaling is an essential step in the transmission of visual information from the eyes to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)

2021 ) Cocaine restricts nucleus accumbens feedforward drive through a monoamine-independent mechanism. (neurotree.org)

Disorders that affect myelin interrupt nerve transmission. (msdmanuals.com)

Decades of research into chronic pain has deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms behind this process. (iasp-pain.org)
Given the extensive nature of the topic, this article reviews pain definitions and mechanisms, acute versus chronic pain, and focuses on management strategies related to anesthetic delivery and the control of pain following dental procedures. (medscape.com)
How disrupting cholinergic synaptic transmission could produce chronic illness is unclear, but recent research indicates that acetylcholine also mediates communication between axons and oligodendrocytes. (cdc.gov)

We also oversee maintenance of the JEOL 1010 transmission electron microscope and related equipment, as well as the Zeiss LSM710 laser confocal microscope and Leica Biowave System, which continued to be used here by some of these researchers, and others from adjacent NIDCD labs, in FY12. (grantome.com)
Researchers believe that the answer lies in a synthesized mechanism of all of these models. (psychiatrist.com)
Several hypotheses have been developed to explain the pathophysiology of PND, including endocrine, epigenetic, synaptic transmission, neural network, neurosteroid, stress, and inflammatory mechanisms, 9 and researchers believe that the answer lies in a synthesized mechanism of all of these models. (psychiatrist.com)

Here, we highlight recent studies further suggesting alterations of GABA transmission and network oscillations in schizophrenia. (hindawi.com)

However, the underlying synaptic mechanisms have so far remained unclear. (ist.ac.at)

Whereas our understanding of its pathophysiology is limited, postmortem studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits of GABA-mediated synaptic transmission. (hindawi.com)
Genetic and epidemiologic studies have reported animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
These studies have focused on altered synaptic function underlying neuronal circuits that drive abnormal behavior. (michaeljfox.org)

Increased frequencies and amplitudes of excitatory synaptic potentials have been observed in mouse models bearing human mutations in genes such as NLGN3, SHANK3, TSC1 and TSC2. (sfari.org)

Multiple infection, recombination, and synaptic transmission are therefore potentially important contributors to virus evolution, which can lead to the infection escaping from immune system responses, forming drug resistance, and overcoming potential vaccines. (escholarship.org)

The review provides insight into the active role of astrocytes in dopaminergic signaling to both respond to dopamine with increases in calcium and modulate synaptic transmission (Fig. 1 ) and proposes the targeting of astrocytes for novel treatments of disease processes involving the mesolimbic dopamine system. (nature.com)
Absorption of strontium from the gastrointestinal tract shares a common mechanism with absorption of calcium. (cdc.gov)

For a complete understanding of pain neurophysiology, the reader is referred to the numerous texts that are available exploring both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. (medscape.com)

In cones, α2δ4 is essential for Ca V 1.4 function, but is not required for ribbon organization, synaptogenesis, or synaptic transmission. (nih.gov)

A major role of GABA-mediated transmission may be producing synchronized network oscillations which are currently hypothesized to be essential for normal cognitive function. (hindawi.com)
Evidence for reduced synaptic inhibition is based on assays of function mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (sfari.org)
Application of Cas9/CRISPR to the study of synaptic function]. (academictree.org)

By combining these approaches, our goal is to understand how synaptic mechanisms refine temporal signaling. (uab.edu)
Knowledge of the temporal properties of synaptic transmission is required to understand synaptic integration. (uab.edu)

This activity is dependent on the rules that each neuron uses to integrate synaptic inputs. (uab.edu)
Variants of the UBE3A gene are associated with reduced activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. (sfari.org)

This in vitro model system, by virtue of its simplicity and accessibility, provides a unique opportunity for examining the network effects of neuromodulation, as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms. (springer.com)

In this study, we used a canine transmission model to examine histopathologic changes in the brains of dogs infected with SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
Hearing researcher Amanda Lauer - whose work is supported through the David M. Rubenstein Hearing Center - explains how she uses electron microscopy to examine synaptic and nanoscale structures. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Anatomy61

Organisms23

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Health Care9

Neurons15

Inhibitory4

Plasticity in the hippocampus2

Fast synaptic transmission1

Proteins5

Short-term synaptic2

Synapse2

Hippocampal2

Known as synaptic1

Molecular mechanisms5

Receptors3

Regulate4

Excitation and Inhibition1

Glutamate4

Hippocampus3

Spinal Dorsal Horn1

Signals3

Vesicle4

Neural mechanisms1

Intracellular2

Neuronal function1

Modulation1

Therapeutics2

Depression2

Regulation3

Postsynaptic1

Pathways3

Rats1

Possible mechanisms3

Physiological mechanisms2

Hypothesis3

20231

Protein3

Compensatory2

Nervous system1

Cerebellar1

Concentration1

Insights1

Vivo1

Regulators1

Brain7

20211

Nerve transmission1

Chronic3

Researchers3

Alterations1

Unclear1

Studies3

Frequencies1

Responses1

Calcium2

Peripheral1

Organization1

Function3

Temporal2

Activity2

Cellular mechanisms1

Examine2