• The reports on base sequences of spider silk protein genes have gained importance as the mechanical properties of silk fibers have been revealed. (bioone.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The researchers found that the TIM protein, along with its partner, the Period (PER) protein, act together to inhibit the genes that are responsible for their own production. (news-medical.net)
  • With an omics toolbox we identify not only metabolites but also genes and proteins in plants and insects that are important for the interactions between the two organisms. (academictransfer.com)
  • The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
  • The differentially expressed genes included those functioning in some important immune reaction and iron metabolism pathways, such as pattern recognition receptors, regulators of the JNK pathway, components of the phagosome pathway, regulators of the melanization response, activators of complement reactions, insulin signaling cascade members, oxidative stress and detoxification proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing proteins produced by normal genes to those produced by mutant Bt resistant ones, the team discovered that enzymes play a key role in determining whether or not a worm succumbs to the toxin. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The present study has identified many potential immune-related genes in A. mylitta some of which are vertebrate homologues and others are hitherto unreported putative defence proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several genes were present as members of gene families, as has also been observed in other insect species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With reference to insect immunity, the ESTs have been obtained from baculovirus-infected B. mori cultured cells and pupae, but no large scale information on bacteria-induced immune genes is as yet available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the the conserved sequences of antimicrobial peptides of insects (mainly Diptera) from different antimicrobial peptide databases, thirty-seven pairs of degenerate primers were designed, and the antimicrobial peptide genes from Hermetia illucens L were screened using these primers. (ukessays.com)
  • DNA sequence alignment analysis and the forecast-analysis of protein structure indicated that these seven antimicrobial peptide genes were not homologous to any other antimicrobial peptide genes in GenBank. (ukessays.com)
  • The researchers wanted to identify the enzymes and corresponding genes underlying this detoxification mechanism. (mpg.de)
  • We based our search on the known bacterial SaxA proteins to select candidate genes for further investigations. (mpg.de)
  • We then tested whether these genes are actually expressed in greater quantities in fungi exposed to the toxins, and whether the resulting protein can render the toxins harmless,' explains Daniel Vassão, one of the study leaders. (mpg.de)
  • Interestingly, many genes are induced at the mRNA- and protein level within a few minutes after being touched. (lu.se)
  • Insect traps vary widely in shape, size, and construction, often reflecting the behavior or ecology of the target species. (wikipedia.org)
  • During sporulation, bacterial cells synthesize insecticidal inclusion bodies consisting of proteins (Cry proteins) active against larvae of invertebrates species (1). (scielo.br)
  • Size is controlled by the mechanisms that cause growth to stop when a size characteristic of the species has been achieved. (duke.edu)
  • The work, which was published in the journal Nature , focuses on proteins that are present in the legs of two species of mosquitoes known to carry malaria in West Africa. (bgr.com)
  • The object of study of the research group are the mechanisms that regulate the metamorphosis of insects , and how these mechanisms have evolved from ancestral species, with a gradual metamorphosis (like in cockroaches or locusts), to the most modified species, with a discontinuous metamorphosis (like in butterflies or flies). (upf-csic.es)
  • Although bee and wasp venom varies from species to species, all venom is composed primarily of proteins, peptides, and amines. (medscape.com)
  • Among the insects, only the dipterans ( Drosophila and various mosquito species) have been widely investigated for their immune responses towards diverse pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the olfactory system, an ion channel consists of one Orco protein and a bunch of receptor proteins that vary from species to species. (nyscf.org)
  • The team again noticed this pattern when analyzing the odorant receptors of four different insect species. (nyscf.org)
  • In all species Reenan studied, the RNA region that regulates folding is located within an intron-a string of non-protein coding letters that cells cut out or "splice" from the molecule during processing. (cometaasmme.org)
  • By making small alterations in introns during evolution, different insects conserved the basic RNA code for making important proteins, but developed a way to tweak the resulting nerve cell protein's function in a species-specific manner. (cometaasmme.org)
  • The species-specific editing may give insects different abilities by modifying behaviors. (cometaasmme.org)
  • Taken together, our studies establish MucR from Sinorhizobium meliloti as a member of a new family of Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring (H-NS) proteins, thus explaining the multifaceted role of this protein in many species of alpha-proteobacteria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the mechanism generating metabolic connectivity of the chromatophore fundamentally differs from the one for mitochondria and plastids, but likely rather resembles the poorly understood mechanism in various bacterial endosymbionts in plants and insects. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nascent chain-mediated translational arrest , a process whereby signals encoded in certain nascent polypeptides termed arrest peptides bring protein synthesis to a halt. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • In order to understand how peptides or antibiotics inhibit peptide bond formation, we must first have a clear picture of the mechanism by which ribosomes catalyze peptidyl transfer. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The insects immune systems possess several features in common, does not have specific immune system as found in the higher animals , lacking of B and T lymphocytes and no immunoglobulins and complement production [3], this make insect developed effective and complex innate immune and antimicrobial peptides are a key factor of the insect's immune system [ 4 , 5 ]. (ukessays.com)
  • Nowadays, molecular biology researchs are featured a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMP)-related topics such as AMP genome library construction, development of antimicrobial peptides and their mimetics as therapeutic agents, structure/function analysis, cloning and expression, regulation, mechanisms of action, microbial escaping strategies and human disease associations. (ukessays.com)
  • In collaboration with Professor Sarah Smith , chemistry , they are studying how small changes in sequence impact the structure and antimicrobial properties of insect antimicrobial peptides with the long-term goal of learning how these might be useful for potential human clinical applications. (bucknell.edu)
  • Recently, LC-MS/MS approaches have also been applied to the identification of proteins and proteotypic peptides of lactic acid bacteria in fermented food matrices. (bvsalud.org)
  • Partch noted that it is important to understand how these clock proteins regulate our circadian rhythms, because those rhythms affect not only the sleep cycle but almost every aspect of our physiology. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology , 103(3):1-8. (upf-csic.es)
  • Male accessory gland is the major source of proteinaceous secretions, collectively called as seminal proteins (or accessory gland proteins), which upon transfer, manipulate the physiology and behavior of mated females. (sdbonline.org)
  • Biotypes of aphids and many other insect pests are defined based on the phenotypic response of host plants to the insect pest without considering their intrinsic characteristics and genotypes. (usda.gov)
  • Her scientific work provided critical insight to the biochemistry and genetics of flowering plants, their reproduction, and their growth which led to industrial applications for next-generation controls of insect pests and fungal disease of crops. (edu.au)
  • On the other hand, the plants can become more resistant to insect pests and pathogens. (lu.se)
  • Designs differ according to the behavior of the insects being targeted. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study may help us understand key interactions between components that regulate sleep behavior in people, such as how the critical delays in the basic timing mechanism get built into the system. (news-medical.net)
  • To confirm that the interactions observed in the test tube matched the behavior of the proteins in living cells, they worked with researchers at the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Our results show that sleep is not homogenous in insects, and suggest that waking behavior and the associated synaptic plasticity mechanisms determine the timing and intensity of deep sleep stages in Drosophila . (jneurosci.org)
  • By using RNAi to block a gene's product in insects and then employing their technique to monitor the feeding behavior, Louis was part of a team that figured out that a saliva protein in pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) called C002 is essential for the insects to feed on fava bean plants. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is well known that some bugs lay eggs on their host plants, and the oviposition behavior is definitely induced from the recognition of the flower parts with sensilla on these chemoreceptive organs [5]C[6], But the detailed mechanism of this identification is not clear. (woofahs.com)
  • Learning can be a mechanism to improve the foraging behavior to acquire this nutrient. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study examined the roles of hormone-dependent transcription factors (Nuclear Receptors), in accessory gland development, function and male fertility of a genetically tractable insect model, Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
  • Subsequently, by using independent RNAi/ dominant negative forms, it was shown that Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) is essential for male fertility due to its requirement in the normal development of accessory glands in Drosophila: EcR depleted glands fail to make seminal proteins and have dying cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • In vertebrates this subfamily contains four proteins: TIF1α/TRIM24, TIF1β/TRIM28, TIF1γ/TRIM33, and TIF1δ/TRIM66, while only one protein, Bonus (Bon), is present in Drosophila , making it an attractive model to understand the conserved functions of TIF1 proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The compounds that are found in some spices and produced by herbs act as self-defense mechanisms to protect the plant against infectious organisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Production of antifreeze proteins is one of the major evolutionary routes taken by a variety of organisms, including fish, insects, bacteria, plants and fungi. (israel21c.org)
  • Ribosomes are the large macromolecular complexes responsible for translating genetic information contained within a messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein in all living organisms. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Insects are evolutionarily successful organisms and occupy almost all habitats in nature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A common physiological response of organisms to environmental stresses is the increase in expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). (univ-lyon1.fr)
  • Researchers still don't know why editing occurs, but posit that organisms use it to increase protein variety. (cometaasmme.org)
  • Producing different proteins in a cell at once could let organisms fine tune biological processes with extreme precision-a level of flexibility the DNA code doesn't afford. (cometaasmme.org)
  • The southern ground cricket, Allonemobius socius (Scudder), is an ideal animal for studying mechanisms that regulate embryonic diapause because adult females can produce either diapause or non-diapause embryos. (biologists.com)
  • Future investigations of miR-34 targets that regulate the expression of EcR-B1 in MB γ neurons are warranted to elucidate pathways that regulate axon pruning, and to provide insight into mechanisms that control large-scale axon degeneration in the nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • The developmental mechanisms that control body size and the relative sizes of body parts are today best understood in insects. (duke.edu)
  • Despite the importance of the precise fluctuations of JH levels during insect development, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JH biosynthesis remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Mechanisms of virulence on the aphid side of the plant-insect interaction are not well understood. (usda.gov)
  • The target of the cryptochrome photosensor, known as 'Timeless' (TIM), is a large, complex protein that could not previously be imaged and thus its interactions with the cryptochrome are not well understood. (news-medical.net)
  • However, the arrest code dictating whether a given nascent peptide is prone to inhibiting its own synthesis is yet to be elucidated, the range of metabolites that can be sensed by the nascent peptide is unknown and the molecular bases of the arrest mechanism itself are only partially understood. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The exact mechanism through which stomoxyn-ZY kill targeted pathogens not well understood and need further studies. (ukessays.com)
  • Adaptive responses to thermal stress typically involve a range of plastic responses and the mechanisms underlying these processes are complex and not fully understood. (univ-lyon1.fr)
  • The plant response to biotic and abiotic stress has been studied for many years, but the molecular mechanism controlling touch-signalling in plants is not well understood. (lu.se)
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
  • Here, using the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica , we show that nuclear hormone receptors Seven-up-B (BgSvp-B) and Fushi tarazu-factor 1 (BgFTZ-F1) have essential roles in the tissue- and stage-specific activation of adult CA JH-biosynthetic activity. (nature.com)
  • Neonicotinoid insecticides target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). (rcsb.org)
  • The activity of G-protein-coupled receptors is not limited to the cell surface. (natureasia.com)
  • The way insects smell is dependent on the activity of their odorant receptors. (nyscf.org)
  • Insect odorant receptors are very likely the largest family of ion channels in nature, and they're incredibly diverse," says Dr. Ruta in a press release issued by The Rockefeller University. (nyscf.org)
  • The structure of the Orco homomer helps explain why insect olfactory receptors evolved to become so diverse. (nyscf.org)
  • New research from a multidisciplinary team helps to illuminate the mechanisms behind circadian rhythms, offering new hope for dealing with jet lag, insomnia and other sleep disorders. (news-medical.net)
  • In flies and other insects, cryptochromes, activated by blue light, serve as the primary light sensors for setting circadian rhythms. (news-medical.net)
  • PER proteins are part of a complex feedback loop in which changes in their abundance set the timing of circadian rhythms , so mutations that increase the rate of PER degradation throw off the clock. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Proteins from the bacterial endosymbiont of aphids were also differentially expressed in biotype H. Guided by the proteome results, we tested whether biotype H had a fitness advantage compared to other S. graminum biotypes and found that biotype H had a higher reproductive fitness as compared to two other biotypes on a range of different wheat germplasms. (usda.gov)
  • Proteins of the MucR/Ros family play a crucial role in bacterial infection or symbiosis with eukaryotic hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the recent years a strong resemblance has been observed between the insect immune system and the mammalian innate immune mechanisms suggesting their common origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While flies don't have the B and T cells that humans have in their memory response to infection, they do have innate immune systems that are really similar to humans, which means they can detect bacteria and viruses using similar proteins," Chambers says. (bucknell.edu)
  • Finally, we showed that Bonus SUMOylation is mediated by the SUMO E3-ligase Su(var)2-10, revealing that although SUMOylation of TIF1 proteins is conserved between insects and mammals, both the mechanism and specific site of modification is different in the two taxa. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, unlike mammals, the insects lack an adaptive immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This type of detoxification of organic poisons is quite common in insects and even mammals. (mpg.de)
  • Bucket traps and bottle traps, often supplemented with a funnel, are inexpensive versions that use a bait or attractant to lure insects into a bucket or bottle filled with soapy water or antifreeze. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beetle hyperactive antifreeze protein (AFP) has a unique ability to maintain a supercooling state of its body fluids, however, less is known about its origination. (mdpi.com)
  • Israeli researchers part of international team studying natural antifreeze proteins. (israel21c.org)
  • Hebrew University's Dr. Ido Braslavsky is researching the antifreeze protein of the yellow mealworm. (israel21c.org)
  • An international team of researchers from Israel, Canada and the US are working together to understand the nature of natural antifreeze proteins (AFPs). (israel21c.org)
  • The Hebrew University researchers studied the antifreeze protein of the yellow mealworm. (israel21c.org)
  • Using their specialized system, the researchers were able to show that ice grown and incubated in an antifreeze solution remains coated with protein and therefore protected. (israel21c.org)
  • And we now know they were the first animal to develop antifreeze proteins. (yubanet.com)
  • The springtail might have been the first animal to ever develop antifreeze proteins. (yubanet.com)
  • We knew that antifreeze proteins had developed independently of each other several times during evolutionary history. (yubanet.com)
  • Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in either olfactory or nonolfactory cue sensation depending on their spatial and temporal expression. (bioone.org)
  • The 1st member of the CSP family was discovered more than a decade ago in and was called olfactory specific protein D (OS-D) due to its preferential manifestation in the antennae [9]. (woofahs.com)
  • A new study from NYSCF - Robertson Neuroscience Investigator and The Rockefeller University Gabrielle H. Reem and Herbert J. Kayden Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology Vanessa Ruta , PhD, explores how the insect olfactory system evolved to allow different insects to find the food they're looking for. (nyscf.org)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Insect hormones such as ecdysteroids and juvenoids play a key role in accessory gland development and protein synthesis but little is known about underlying molecular players and their mechanism of action. (sdbonline.org)
  • This action blocks protein synthesis because the damaged ribosomes are unable to interact with elongation factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two pairs of degenerate primers were designed based Acalisib IC50 on the conserved amino acid sequences of chemosensory proteins from different Lepidoptera bugs. (woofahs.com)
  • DNA sequences spell out the instructions for making protein but they aren't always followed to the letter. (cometaasmme.org)
  • We, thus, analyze sequences recognized by MucR in the rem gene promoter, showing that this protein recognizes AT-rich sequences and does not require a consensus sequence to bind DNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Insecticides and cereal varieties that are resistant to insect feeding are widely used to control greenbug infestation. (usda.gov)
  • Mosquitoes, of course, are the biggest culprit, and a new study suggests that the insects have developed a scary way to defend themselves against insecticides commonly used to fight them and the disease they carry. (bgr.com)
  • Susceptibility to insecticides and resistance mechanisms in three populations of Aedes aegypti from Peru. (cdc.gov)
  • Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 147. (upf-csic.es)
  • Investigations launched by that outbreak, including studies in molecular biology and epidemiology, helped elucidate the mechanisms by which pandemic viruses emerge and further clarified the conditions that favour such an event. (who.int)
  • And how their pathogens, such as microsporidia, and the plant viruses that they vector manipulate their insect hosts? (academictransfer.com)
  • Cabbage plants defend themselves against herbivores and pathogens by deploying a defensive mechanism called the mustard oil bomb: when the plant tissue is damaged, toxic isothiocyanates are formed and can effectively fend off attackers. (mpg.de)
  • Insect traps are used to monitor or directly reduce populations of insects or other arthropods, by trapping individuals and killing them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insecticide Resistance Patterns and Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Across Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Reveal Emergent Pyrethroid Resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanisms associated with pyrethroid resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia. (cdc.gov)
  • Pan traps are used to monitor aphids, wasps, and some other small insects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, we tested whether aphid genetics can be used to further dissect the genetic mechanisms of biotype virulence in aphids. (usda.gov)
  • Insects have unique diets: butterflies bounce from flower to flower in search of nectar, aphids suck the sap out of leaves, and mosquitos infiltrate outdoor gatherings to prey on those who forgot bug spray. (nyscf.org)
  • It imports hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins, and diverse metabolites are continuously exchanged across the two chromatophore envelope membranes. (frontiersin.org)
  • These proteins could be used in other frozen foods for maintaining the desired texture without additional fats, say the researchers. (israel21c.org)
  • Eradicating malaria is a tall order and to truly understand how it spreads, researchers are focusing on the insects that are most often responsible for new infections. (bgr.com)
  • The protein, the researchers discovered, is resistant to insecticide, allowing mosquitoes to land on treated bed nets and live on to spread the disease they are carrying. (bgr.com)
  • In the new study, researchers focused on mutations in an enzyme called casein kinase 1 (CK1), which regulates a core clock protein called PERIOD (or PER). (medicalxpress.com)
  • You will be embedded in an interdisciplinary team with three other researchers who aim to provide breeding solutions for devastating plant diseases by studying the underpinning mechanisms at the molecular level, using state-of-the-art technologies. (academictransfer.com)
  • While the exact mechanism wasn't clear, the enzyme the gene codes for breaks down lipids, and appeared to limit the insects' ability to reproduce, the researchers reported in 2010. (the-scientist.com)
  • Yes, mosquitos have found a way to resist a popular insecticide, but now that the scientists know how the insects did it, they can specifically target that resistance and hopefully wage a much more effective war against the spread of malaria. (bgr.com)
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms may enable scientists to develop therapies for intervening in the clock to alleviate disruptions, whether they are caused by inherited conditions or by shift work or jet lag. (medicalxpress.com)
  • But the new findings do shed light on earlier, seemingly contradictory evidence from Bt-resistant insects, the scientists say. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena have long been studying the glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that constitute the special defense mechanism of cabbage family plants, which include rapeseed, radishes and mustard. (mpg.de)
  • Understanding the mechanism of such effectors and identification of the plant proteins with which they interact is important for developing more resistant plants, in collaboration with the plant-breeding industry. (academictransfer.com)
  • But as the use of Bt toxins increases, so does the fear of developing Bt-resistant strains of insects. (scientificamerican.com)
  • As the number of susceptible but heterozygous moths increases, so, too, does the chance that they will breed with another heterozygous individual, eventually leading to larger numbers of resistant insects. (scientificamerican.com)
  • These flies have more of a certain genetic variant that involves a change in the TIM protein, and it wasn't clear why the variation could help them. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, chromatophore-localized biosynthetic pathways as well as multiprotein complexes include proteins of dual genetic origin, suggesting that mechanisms evolved that coordinate gene expression levels between chromatophore and nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • University of Connecticut Health Center scientist, Robert Reenan, has uncovered new rules of RNA recoding-a genetic editing method cells use to expand the number of proteins assembled from a single DNA code. (cometaasmme.org)
  • Think of DNA as an unalterable "read only" copy of the genetic code and the RNA as a "writable" working copy that cells can edit extensively-adding, deleting, and modifying the molecular letters and words that guide protein assembly. (cometaasmme.org)
  • In this review, we will focus on the regulation of E(spl) expression and on the function of E(spl) proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an essential mechanism that guides cell differentiation during development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Aphid proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, immune system, cell division, and anti-apoptosis pathways were found to be up-regulated in biotype H relative to other biotypes. (usda.gov)
  • It was the first aphid saliva protein identified. (the-scientist.com)
  • As this proposed catalytic water is cut off from the bulk solvent by the N-terminus of ribosomal protein L27 in bacteria, we are currently investigating a possible regulatory role for this protein during translation. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The cleaved SRL interacts differently with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk). (bvsalud.org)
  • This additional positive charge could interfere with the binding to the SRL (substrate) or with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk structure) during substrate recognition. (bvsalud.org)
  • chemosensory mechanism is relevant to understanding the behavioral responses of these insects to environmental cues. (bioone.org)
  • Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of small (10C15 kDa) soluble proteins comprising 4 conserved cysteines which abundantly exist in the chemoreceptive organs and transmit chemical signals to nervous system [7]C[8]. (woofahs.com)
  • We chose to examine the fat body transcriptome since it is a major immune organ in insects, analogous to the mammalian liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the four putative novel defence proteins (DFPs) annotated by PSI-BLAST three showed similarity to extracellular matrix proteins from vertebrates implicated in innate immunity, while the fourth was similar to, yet distinct from, the anti-microbial protein cecropin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have found a completely new insecticide resistance mechanism that we think is contributing to the lower than expected efficacy of bed nets," Dr. Victoria Ingham, first author of the study, explains. (bgr.com)
  • This newly discovered resistance mechanism could provide us with an important target for both the monitoring of insecticide resistance and the development of novel compounds able to block pyrethroid resistance and prevent the spread of malaria," Hilary Ransom, senior author of the work, says. (bgr.com)
  • Development of molecular assays to detect target-site mechanisms associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors from Latin America. (cdc.gov)
  • We use a combination of genetics, advanced microscopy and computational image analysis to unravel the mechanisms underlying epithelial tube formation. (lsu.edu)
  • Two reports in this weeks Science explore the mechanisms and genetics behind Bt resistance in worms and moths, providing insight into how to avoid the problem. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Genetics is digital," says Reenan, adding "Editing changes digital to analog," letting cells "dial up" the exact amounts of altered proteins required at any given time or place. (cometaasmme.org)
  • In insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) synthesized from the corpora allata (CA) glands. (nature.com)
  • The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
  • Adult Anastrepha obliqua fruit-flies need protein sources to promote sexual maturation and egg production. (bvsalud.org)
  • The trap mechanism or bait can vary widely. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has been widely examined for heat stress, but the response to cold stress has been far less studied in insects. (univ-lyon1.fr)
  • Cry proteins can be found in nature in three major forms: crystalline, soluble protoxin and soluble toxin. (scielo.br)
  • Silks are composed principally of proteins with a predominance of alanine, serine and glycine and silk proteins are able to undergo irreversible transformations from soluble protein to insoluble fibres. (bioone.org)
  • The data obtained in the present study confirm that the Cry1Ac protoxin is a potent immunogen able to induce a specific immune response in the mucosal tissue, which has not been observed in response to most other proteins. (scielo.br)
  • In this study, we show that virulent greenbugs are able to damage so many wheat varieties because they express molecules, called proteins, which help them cope with plant defense compounds better than other greenbugs. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we used comparative proteomics to identify protein expression differences associated with virulence. (usda.gov)
  • Another area of interest is the study of pathogenic mechanisms of Francisella tularensis , a potential bioweapon, with particular interest in determining how this bacterium evades killing within host macrophages. (utsa.edu)
  • Much of the hard work of the study went into figuring out how to produce the complex of cryptochrome-TIM so it could be studied, because TIM is such a large, unwieldy protein, Crane said. (news-medical.net)
  • The study, published February 11 in eLife , shows that the same molecular switch mechanism affected by these mutations is at work in animals ranging from fruit flies to people. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Study of proteins involved with ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar structure. (lsu.edu)
  • After completing his master's in 2006, Louis stayed at Kansas State to begin working toward a PhD with plant biologist Jyoti Shah , using the same electrical monitoring system in combination with molecular and biochemical approaches to study defenses the plant Arabidopsis thaliana deploys against hungry insects. (the-scientist.com)
  • The team used a method called cryoelectron microscopy to study the structure of a channel made of all Orco proteins. (nyscf.org)
  • In addition to helping us better understand evolutionary mechanisms, this study has implications for human disease. (nyscf.org)
  • In the proposed work we will study candidate components of the early touch-signalling cascade such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and plasma-membrane Ca 2+ channels, as we suspect that they play a crucial role in the early touch-signalling cascade. (lu.se)
  • In the present study, the occurrence or not of associative learning in A. obliqua females and males of different ages and nutritional states concerning sucrose (carbohydrate) and brewer´s yeast (protein source) was observed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Birds, bats, and insects are some of the animals we study there. (lu.se)
  • Finally, we will review the evolution of this protein family, which, albeit of relatively recent origin, present only in insects and crustaceans, has undergone extensive diversification, including gene loss and duplication. (nih.gov)
  • Two critical factors during this dauntingly complex process appear to be the establishment of metabolic connectivity between the symbiotic partners, and the evolution of nuclear control over protein expression levels within the organelle. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, the questions that the research group on the Evolution of insect metamorphosis seek to answer are: How did metamorphosis develop in insects? (upf-csic.es)
  • The protein, which is based in the legs, comes into direct contact with the insecticide as the insect lands on the net, making it an excellent potential target for future additives to nets to overcome this potent resistance mechanism. (bgr.com)
  • In our proposed mechanism for peptide bond formation, nucleophilic attack is facilitated through the deprotonation of the a-amine of the incoming amino acid by a catalytic water molecule (W1) positioned at the extremity of a "proton wire" (Polikanov et al. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The other part of my research program is focused on the functional characterization of homeostatic mechanisms that allow animals to survive exposure to diverse aquatic environments. (lsu.edu)
  • Here, we report the first characterization of MucR isolated from Sinorhizobium meliloti by mass spectrometry and demonstrate that this protein forms higher-order oligomers in its native condition of expression by SEC-MALS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The constituent proteins are normally synthesised in specialised glands where the epithelial cells are responsible for the biosynthesis. (bioone.org)
  • We show that this reproductive blockage is the result of a dramatic impairment of JH biosynthesis, due to the CA-specific reduction in the expression of two key JH biosynthetic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase-1 (BgHMG-S1 ) and HMG-reductase (BgHMG-R ). Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the specific changes in the CA gland necessary for the proper transition to adulthood. (nature.com)
  • These proteins show similar domain architectures as known organelle-targeted expression regulators of the octotrico peptide repeat type in algae and plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • High prediction accuracy and successful prediction of hypothetical proteins suggests that BLProt can be a useful approach to identify bioluminescent proteins from sequence information, irrespective of their sequence similarity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As part of the process of translation, nascent polypeptides transit through a long molecular cavity spanning the large subunit of the ribosome - known as the exit tunnel -- before they are released into the cytoplasm or delivered to the protein translocation machinery. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • 2014). This has led us to propose a mechanism for peptide bond formation in which the ribosome together with the A- and P-tRNAs trigger the reaction by activating a water molecule (Fig. 1). (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Partch's lab performed structural and biochemical analyses of the CK1 and PER proteins that suggested how the switch works. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Many people with sleep phase disorders have changes in their clock proteins ," said Carrie Partch, associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC Santa Cruz and a corresponding author of the paper. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Insect traps are sometimes used in pest management programs instead of pesticides but are more often used to look at seasonal and distributional patterns of pest occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The interaction between the proteins is then modulated and the ability of light to reset the oscillation is changed, thus altering the circadian clock and extending the period of the fly's dormancy, which helps it survive the winter. (news-medical.net)
  • Developing the project will boost my career as new skills in structural biology, including protein electron microscopy, will complement my previous expertise in protein-protein interaction and crosslinking mass spectrometry studies. (europa.eu)
  • However, the pathogen uses at least two different detoxification mechanisms that enable the fungus to successfully spread on plants defended in this way. (mpg.de)
  • This ontogenetic increase in metabolism of non-diapause insects is blocked during diapause, such that metabolic rate is only 36% of the rate measured for 15 days developing embryos. (biologists.com)
  • In this project we aim to determine the effect of microsporidia and viruses on the effectorome of thrips and on the plant proteins with which relevant effectors interact. (academictransfer.com)
  • Mosquitoes and many other insects are attracted by bright colors, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, floral or fruity fragrances, warmth, moisture and pheromones. (wikipedia.org)
  • In many insects, the accessory gland , a secretory tissue of the male reproductive system, is essential for male fertility. (sdbonline.org)
  • Molecule size and the presence of protein enhance the antigen properties of venom, making it a potent activator of the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding how this mechanism works is significant and has important implications for improving the world's food and medicinal production. (israel21c.org)
  • The finding also has implications for our understanding of future outbreaks of greenbugs due to changing climate conditions and overwintering habits of the insect where the insects will be able to reproduce sexually in new geographic areas. (usda.gov)
  • The identification of pathogenic mutations within prion-like domains (PrLDs) of the RNA-binding proteins hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 add to our understanding of how mutations in these proteins lead to degenerative disease, and highlight the potential importance of PrLDs in degenerative diseases of the nervous system, muscle and bone. (natureasia.com)
  • Dr. Lee's research is focused mainly on the understanding of the pathological mechanism(s) underlying the selective neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. (utsa.edu)
  • CK1 and other kinase enzymes carry out a reaction called phosphorylation, adding a phosphate to another protein. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Other collaborators at UC San Diego performed simulations of the molecular dynamics of the switch showing how the CK1 protein switches between two conformations, and how mutations cause it favor one conformation over another. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The other conformation favors binding to a site on the PER protein known as the FASP region, because mutations in this region lead to an inherited sleep disorder called Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Although dominant mutations are often not informative of the normal gene function, E(spl) turned out to encode a family of seven paralogous basic helix-loop-helix proteins of utmost importance in the implementation of the Notch signal in the receiving cell. (nih.gov)
  • With suitable delays between the events of gene expression and repression, an oscillation in protein levels is established. (news-medical.net)
  • Blue light, Crane said, changes the chemistry and structure of cryptochrome's flavin cofactor, which allows the protein to bind the TIM protein and inhibit TIM's ability to repress gene expression and thereby reset the oscillation. (news-medical.net)
  • Apparently these chromatophore-targeted proteins evolved convergently to plastid-targeted expression regulators and are likely involved in gene expression control in the chromatophore. (frontiersin.org)