AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Blood-Brain BarrierBrainBrain EdemaTransendothelial and Transepithelial MigrationOccludinBrain InjuriesPermeabilityEndothelial CellsCapillary PermeabilityEvans BlueTight JunctionsMicrovesselsBrain NeoplasmsDomperidoneDisease Models, AnimalEncephalitisAstrocytesCentral Nervous SystemRats, Sprague-DawleyBrain IschemiaMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroprotective AgentsNanoparticlesMice, Inbred C57BLDrug Delivery SystemsInjections, IntraperitonealMicrogliaChoroid PlexusTime FactorsNeurogliaP-GlycoproteinInflammationBrain ChemistryNeuronsStrokeLeukocytesAmyloid beta-PeptidesCells, CulturedOctanolsImmunohistochemistryAlzheimer DiseaseDose-Response Relationship, DrugMice, KnockoutModels, BiologicalBrain MappingCerebrospinal FluidInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryBrain StemBiological TransportCerebrovascular CirculationMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Blood-Retinal BarrierBrain AbscessBlood-Air BarrierMembrane ProteinsContrast MediaMice, TransgenicEndothelium, VascularBlood-Testis BarrierCommunication Barriers
MolecularEndothelial cellsPermeabilityVesselsCross Blood-Brain BDopamine in the brainDisruptionDefense mechanismLeakageUptake into the brainBiomarkersContribute to disease progressionApproachesVasculatureToxicityBreakdownHippocampusTissueEnzymePatientsAlterationsDiseasesInflammationHomeostasisTargetsInjuryStudyPlacentaCarcinogenesisCerebralReceptorsPericytesProteinsResearchersNeurologicalMoleculesPossible mechanismAntibodiesCellularMetabolicProteinProgressionExposureTargeted therapyCognitiveInteractionReactiveSubstancesFindingsActionTissuesCellsRatsParkinson'sSelectiveDysfunctionLevodopa availableIncompletely understoodAlzheimer'sVascularEpilepsyIntrinsicMethods
Molecular8
  • Multidrug resistance in cancer: understanding molecular mechanisms, immunoprevention and therapeutic approaches. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we presented an overview of a previously published work regarding the role of stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • A quantitative understanding of how the molecular transport systems at the human BBB are altered in diseases is essential not only to elucidate the pathophysiological roles of the BBB in human brain, but also to aid development of effective drugs and appropriate pharmacotherapies for CNS diseases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We are interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins exert their neurodegenerative properties and in the case of prion proteins, gain their infectious properties. (edu.au)
  • The association and quantitative relation of radiomics and epigenetic molecular characteristics were further analyzed to reveal the mechanisms of radiomics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Brain tumours are heterogeneous and are classified comprehensively into molecular subtypes based on genetic alterations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glioblastoma rapid progression, drug resistance, and recurrence have been scientifically linked to several factors, including its rapid growth rate, loss of apoptosis, pro-survival signalling, molecular heterogeneities and hallmark features to infiltrate vital brain structures. (bvsalud.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction cascades evoked by the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) are becoming increasingly understandable. (bvsalud.org)
Endothelial cells6
  • Astrocytes are critically important for developing and maintaining the neuroprotective mechanisms of BSCB endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Article: Deletion of prostaglandin E2 synthesizing enzymes in brain endothelial cells attenuates inflammatory fever by Daniel Björk Wilhelms, Milen Kirilov, Elahe Mirrasekhian, Anna Eskilsson, Unn Örtegren Kugelberg, Christine Klar, Dirk A. Ridder, Harvey R. Herschman, Markus Schwaninger, Anders Blomqvist and David Engblom. (eurekalert.org)
  • It is a serine protease ( EC 3.4.21.68 ) found on endothelial cells , the cells that line the blood vessels . (wikidoc.org)
  • The abnormal perfusion stimulates the production of substances in the blood that activate or injure endothelial cells. (health.am)
  • Serum bioactivity (with and without exosomal fractions) was assessed via 1) serum cumulative inflammatory potential (SCIP) assay on mouse brain endothelial cells (MBEC) and 2) myography using naïve thoracic aorta from male C57BL6 mice incubated with 1% serum from exposed mice to evaluate vasodilatory changes. (cdc.gov)
  • Endothelial cells build up the vessel wall and control the exchange between the blood and surrounding brain tissue. (lu.se)
Permeability11
Vessels11
  • The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a semipermeable anatomical interface that consists of the specialized small blood vessels that surround the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • They line the inner surface of cerebral blood vessels. (bmbreports.org)
  • Pericytes wrap around brain ECs and astrocytes extend their endfeet to contact with blood vessels. (bmbreports.org)
  • Engblom showed that instead, they could be synthesised from two enzymes in the blood vessels on the inside of the brain, before moving to the hypothalamus, where the body's thermostat is located. (eurekalert.org)
  • The study to be published in The Journal of Neuroscience with David Engblom and his doctoral student Daniel Wilhelms as lead authors is based on tests with mice that lack the enzymes COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the brain's blood vessels. (eurekalert.org)
  • Firstly, that it comes from prostaglandins circulating in the blood, secondly that it comes from immune cells in the brain, and thirdly Engblom's theory, which stresses the importance of the brain's blood vessels. (eurekalert.org)
  • Leaks in the thousands of blood vessels that infiltrate the central nervous system are no exception. (alzforum.org)
  • Oncologists pioneered DCE-MRI to spot blood vessels invading soft tumors. (alzforum.org)
  • It correlated with damage to pericytes, specialized cells that seal blood vessels in the brain and protect neurons from toxins in the plasma, and occurred in the absence of changes to cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ or tau. (alzforum.org)
  • For example, internal organs do not float in a pool of blood because blood is normally confined to blood vessels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If blood leaks out of the vessels into other parts of the body (hemorrhage), it not only fails to bring oxygen and nutrients to tissues but also can cause severe harm. (msdmanuals.com)
Cross Blood-Brain B1
Dopamine in the brain3
Disruption3
  • Because of its function as a protective barrier for the spinal cord, disruption of the BSCB exposes spinal cord tissue to inflammatory signals, pathogens, and toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pericytes: a link between Parkinson-related protein and blood-brain barrier disruption? (lu.se)
  • Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and other microvascular alterations are increasingly recognized as a common denominator of several neurodegenerative disorders. (lu.se)
Defense mechanism1
Leakage4
  • Almost three decades ago, we postulated the same hypothesis, based on histologic analysis of aged brains, demonstrating a blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and leakage of serum proteins in aged (but not young) human brain ( Pappolla and Andorn, 1987 ). (alzforum.org)
  • It is possible that APOE4 may cause leakage on the blood-brain barrier and lead to a higher degree of cadmium accumulation in the APOE4 brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Overexpression of the Parkinson-related protein, α-synuclein, leads to blood-brain barrier leakage and pericyte activation in mice. (lu.se)
  • Interestingly, changes such as pericyte activation and blood-brain-barrier leakage are already observed at the early stages of the disorder, even before behavioral changes or dopaminergic cell loss can be detected, explains Gesine Paul-Visse. (lu.se)
Uptake into the brain2
  • Putative receptors that are responsible for rhLAMAN uptake into the brain across the Blood Brain Barrier were investigated and we were able to study the outcome of long-term ERT on the neuropathology and associated behavioural deficits observed in immune-tolerant alpha-Mannosidosis mice. (europa.eu)
  • We were able to show that encapsulation into PEGylated liposomes of a peptide with limited brain delivery could double the drug uptake into the brain without using a specific brain targeting ligand. (springer.com)
Biomarkers5
  • Using 'Next-Generation' deep sequencing to identify all the microRNA species in patients' blood, microRNA biomarkers can be selected by comparing differences in microRNA profiles from AD and PD patients to healthy controls. (edu.au)
  • Brain biomarkers would have to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) which serves as a strict control point between the brain and blood. (edu.au)
  • One possible mechanism whereby brain biomarkers such as microRNA can travel across the BBB is via exosomes. (edu.au)
  • Our research aims to determine whether exosomes provides a vehicle for brain biomarkers to travel through the BBB where they can be detected in the blood. (edu.au)
  • We also strive to identify novel therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers in the brain and vasculature for improving drug efficacy. (ccf.org)
Contribute to disease progression1
  • We investigate the mechanisms and pathophysiological alterations that could contribute to disease progression and/or impede drug bioavailability across the dysfunctional blood-brain barrier. (ccf.org)
Approaches3
  • Today, the most promising therapy for lysosomal storage disorders including alpha-Mannosidosis is Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) where the respective enzyme lacking in the patient is produced by recombinant approaches and then introduced into the blood stream, from where it is internalized by the cells and reaches the lysosomes replacing the missing endogenous enzyme. (europa.eu)
  • Gabathuler R. Approaches to transport therapeutic drugs across the blood-brain barrier to treat brain diseases. (springer.com)
  • We use multifaceted approaches to study the neurovascular properties ex vivo and in vitro using a humanized dynamic neurovascular unit established with primary brain cells isolated from resected brain tissues post-epilepsy surgery, and in vivo by using rodent models of seizure/epilepsy. (ccf.org)
Vasculature2
  • It protects the brain from exogenous substances by strictly regulating the transport of molecules from the blood vasculature into the brain. (bmbreports.org)
  • In collaboration, they investigated how a progressive accumulation of α-synuclein affects these cells and brain vasculature over time. (lu.se)
Toxicity2
  • The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)
  • The cytotoxicity and mechanism of screening clustered with the purity grade of BNNTs, illustrating that greater purity of BNNT corresponds to greater toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Breakdown3
  • More studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanisms of that breakdown. (nih.gov)
  • Carbidopa helps prevent the breakdown of levodopa before it can reach the brain and take effect. (rxlist.com)
  • Tissue plasminogen activator (abbreviated tPA or PLAT ) is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots . (wikidoc.org)
Hippocampus3
  • In the adult brain, the hippocampus is responsible for specific forms of memory - a brain region that is also affected in diseases such as dementia, depression and epilepsy. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Now, in the January 21 Neuron, researchers led by Berislav Zlokovic at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, report that in older adults the blood-brain barrier first becomes compromised in subdivisions of the hippocampus. (alzforum.org)
  • The cognitive skills that the scientists chose to focus on rely on the hippocampus - a brain area crucial for learning and memory. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tissue7
  • Intrinsically, ischemic stroke indicates the cascade of congesting events, i.e., thrombus formation and embolism, that ultimately decreases the local blood flow and cause oxygen deprivation in affected brain tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • Within five minutes following the initial injury, normally impermeable blood components like the large molecule albumin or red blood cells can be detected in spinal cord tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Menkes and Wilson disease ATPases use common biochemical mechanisms, but the tissue-specific expression differs. (medscape.com)
  • Usage of mobile phones near the head increases the possibility of effects on brain tissue. (nih.gov)
  • In January 2017, the National ALS Biorepository was initiated with the primary goal of assembling the largest bank of ALS blood and tissue samples in the US and making them available for research. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, a small amount of blood leaking into the brain can destroy brain tissue because there is no room for expansion in the skull. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On the other hand, a similar amount of blood leaking into the abdomen does not destroy tissue because the abdomen has room for expansion. (msdmanuals.com)
Enzyme1
  • Their study describes the central role of the enzyme Drosha in this mechanism. (neurosciencenews.com)
Patients6
  • We suggest that current information regarding the structure, mechanism and regulation of ABC transporters should be used in clinical trials to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics for patients with cancer. (nature.com)
  • Thus, MSCs were suggested as a promising candidate for ischemic brain injury patients[ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A recent review by Hadanny and colleagues recommends hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for acute moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and selected patients with prolonged postconcussive syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • As it is not possible to isolate brain material from live patients to test for neurodegeneration, the capture of exosomes in the bloodstream can be equivalent to non-invasive brain biopsy. (edu.au)
  • Some people doubt roles of 5-HT in etiology of depression because 5-HT concentration was not decreased in the brains of depressive patients [4]. (scirp.org)
  • We also excluded patients who had organic problems of the brains. (scirp.org)
Alterations2
  • The purpose of this study was to demonstrate experimentally that alterations of in vivo transporter function at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in disease and during pharmacotherapy can be reconstructed from in vitro data based on our established pharmacoproteomic concept of reconstructing in vivo function by integrating intrinsic transport activity per transporter molecule and absolute protein expression level at the BBB. (aspetjournals.org)
  • At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
Diseases5
  • We aim to provide the basis for establishing a future study to promote the clinical translation of stem cell therapy in ischemic brain diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Owing to this highly selective barrier, many drugs targeting brain diseases are not likely to pass through the BBB. (bmbreports.org)
  • Many of these diseases are associated with the misfolding of certain proteins into aberrant forms that are found in the brain tissues of individuals with these diseases. (edu.au)
  • This project involves developing a minimally invasive blood test for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). (edu.au)
  • tPA is used in some cases of diseases that feature blood clots , such as pulmonary embolism , myocardial infarction , and stroke , in a medical treatment called thrombolysis . (wikidoc.org)
Inflammation3
Homeostasis4
  • Consequently, it plays an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis and in restricting the delivery of many therapeutic and diagnostic drugs to the brain. (aspetjournals.org)
  • As we age, these protein carriers, as well as other proteins that control the balance, or homeostasis, of cholesterol in the brain become less effective. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In turn, the homeostasis of amyloid-beta and hundreds of other proteins in the brain is broken. (cam.ac.uk)
  • By targeting the newly-identified link between amyloid-beta and cholesterol, it could be possible to design therapeutics which maintain cholesterol homeostasis, and consequently amyloid-beta homeostasis, in the brain. (cam.ac.uk)
Targets1
  • Increasing knowledge about these mechanisms could unravel possible targets for early treatments and protection of the blood-brain barrier. (lu.se)
Injury8
  • Ischemic brain injury is associated with a high rate of mortality and disability with no effective therapeutic strategy. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of this study was to provide a generalized critique for the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke injury, its underlying mechanisms, and constraints on its preclinical and clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
  • Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Promising or Wishful Thinking? (medscape.com)
  • Rees, S., Harding, R. & Walker, D. An adverse intrauterine environment: implications for injury and altered development of the brain. (nature.com)
  • Background: Management of brain injury can pose enormous challenges to the health team. (bvsalud.org)
  • This paper reviews the role of oxidative stress in neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury and presents experimental and clinical evidence of the role of exogenous antioxidants as neuroprotectants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: Traumatic brain injury causes massive production of reactive oxygen species with resultant oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results with clinical brain injury are however more varied. (bvsalud.org)
Study6
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate formulation factors causing improvement in brain delivery of a small peptide after encapsulation into a targeted nanocarrier in vivo . (springer.com)
  • Lindqvist A, Rip J, Gaillard PJ, Bjorkman S, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Enhanced brain delivery of the opioid peptide DAMGO in glutathione pegylated liposomes: a microdialysis study. (springer.com)
  • When asked what may explain the effects of UPF consumption on cognitive performance, Prof. Kaarin Anstey , scientia professor of psychology at the University of South Wales and senior principal research scientist at Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), who was not involved in the study, told Medical News Today that UPFs, in theory, may worsen cognitive performance through several mechanisms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The mechanisms underlying observed systemic effects are incompletely understood and the contribution of extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, to the systemic delivery of lung-derived inflammatory mediators was explored in this study. (cdc.gov)
  • LFLB1, DJOA2, VCFR3: study aumenta la posibilidad de desarrollar esquizofrenia y depresión en individuos sin historial previo, y que podría exacerbar conception, VCFR3: manuscript cuadros psiquiátricos previos con dificultad en el tratamiento. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conclude from our study that the CNS can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopha- ryngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the olfactory nerve. (cdc.gov)
Placenta1
Carcinogenesis1
  • Bladder cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease and wealth of knowledge has enabled researchers to develop a clear understanding of mechanisms which underlie carcinogenesis and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Cerebral3
  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an interface between cerebral blood and the brain parenchyma. (bmbreports.org)
  • Phenybut, a GABA derivative capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, enhances inhibitory hyperpolarization in the cerebral cortex and improves discrimination between the inhibitory and reinforcing light flashes. (erowid.org)
  • Typical symptoms of relapses may be referable to demyelinating pathology involving the optic nerves (e.g. optic neuritis), brainstem (e.g. internuclear ophthalmoplegia) or spinal cord (e.g. partial myelitis), although non-specific symptoms referable to the cerebral hemispheres or other brain regions can also occur (Katz Sand and Lublin, 2013). (medscape.com)
Receptors2
  • The mechanisms of these observations are complex and involves interaction with receptors other than cannabinoid receptors, including actions exerted through various naturally occurring mediator compounds in the body. (yahoo.com)
  • This metabolite stimulates central inhibitory alpha-adrenergic receptors, thereby reducing peripheral resistance and lowering blood pressure. (quizlet.com)
Pericytes2
  • Pericytes are uniquely positioned at the blood-brain interface. (lu.se)
  • Hence, it is possible that the dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier induced by α-synuclein depends on pericytes also in the brain. (lu.se)
Proteins6
  • Quantitative targeted absolute proteomic analysis of 31 membrane proteins showed that P-glycoprotein (P-gp/mdr1a) protein expression levels were significantly increased in brain capillaries of PTZ (129%), EL (143%), and PHT mice (192%) compared with controls. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We are interested in investigating the mechanisms, of how these proteins are packaged into these vesicles and also how they transfer their contents between cells. (edu.au)
  • Achar A, Ghosh C . Multiple hurdle mechanism and blood-brain barrier in epilepsy: glucocorticoid receptor-heat shock proteins on drug regulation. (ccf.org)
  • Ghosh, C. Heat Shock Proteins Accelerate the Maturation of Brain Endothelial Cell Glucocorticoid Receptor in Focal Human Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. (ccf.org)
  • Since it is insoluble, while travelling towards its destination in lipid membranes, cholesterol is never left around by itself, either in the blood or the brain: it has to be carried around by certain dedicated proteins, such as ApoE, a mutation of which has already been identified as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Our rapidly increasing realization related to AhR-mediated regulation of the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of different proteins has started to scratch the surface of intriguing mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Researchers4
  • Researchers from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel have now found that the fate of adult hippocampal stem cells is not only controlled by their local niche, but also by a cell-intrinsic mechanism. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Researchers have long suspected that a breached blood-brain barrier increases the risk for neuronal damage and cognitive decline, but where that breach first occurs has been a mystery. (alzforum.org)
  • Overall, conclude the researchers, the results suggest that an interaction between APOE4 and cadmium exposure "leads to accelerated cognitive impairment and that impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be one of the underlying mechanisms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • While the link between amyloid-beta and Alzheimer's disease is well-established, what has baffled researchers to date is how amyloid-beta starts to aggregate in the brain, as it is typically present at very low levels. (cam.ac.uk)
Neurological4
  • Our laboratory conducts cerebrovascular research to better understand brain physiology and function in neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy and epilepsy with other comorbidities such as stroke or depression), with a focus on the blood-brain barrier. (ccf.org)
  • We also investigate the consequence of metabolic disturbances at the blood-brain barrier in epilepsy and other neurological disorders. (ccf.org)
  • Achar A, Ghosh, C. COVID-19-Associated Neurological Disorders: The Potential Route of CNS Invasion and Blood-Brain Relevance. (ccf.org)
  • 2011) for multiple sclerosis integrate data from neurological history, physical examination, and MRI appearances of the brain and cord. (medscape.com)
Molecules3
  • The primary function of the BSCB is to protect the spinal cord from potentially toxic substances within the blood while still delivering necessary molecules to maintain spinal cord activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • These signaling molecules cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, the purpose of which is to protect the brain from hazardous substances. (eurekalert.org)
  • Since amyloid-beta is normally present in such small quantities in the brain, the molecules don't normally find each other and stick together. (cam.ac.uk)
Possible mechanism1
  • The increased brain delivery was observed only when the drug was encapsulated into the liposomes, thus excluding any effects of the liposomes themselves on the blood-brain barrier integrity as a possible mechanism. (springer.com)
Antibodies1
  • Because the lungs have many protective mechanisms, such as antibodies to fight infection and tiny hairs called cilia to sweep debris out of the airways, most airborne infectious organisms never cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Cellular2
  • Brain ECs are core cellular components of the BBB. (bmbreports.org)
  • Loss of apoptosis, drug resistance, and pro-survival signaling are some of the highly studied cellular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolic1
  • AhR is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that integrates environmental, dietary and metabolic cues for the pleiotropic regulation of a wide variety of mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Protein3
  • Susceptibility to toxins is already increased in BSCB endothelium through the relative downregulation of the critical efflux protein p-glycoprotein, thus slowing elimination of the toxins that penetrate the barrier. (wikipedia.org)
  • A research group at the University of Basel now describes for the first time a mechanism by which hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The international team, led by the University of Cambridge, have found that in the brain, cholesterol acts as a catalyst which triggers the formation of the toxic clusters of the amyloid-beta protein, which is a central player in the development of Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
Progression1
  • Excitingly, research over decades has unveiled wide-ranging mechanisms which serve as central engine in progression of bladder cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Exposure1
  • We previously reported that short-term MWCNT exposure produces serum bioactivity that impairs endothelial function leading to vasodilatory insufficiencies, as well as induction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairments. (cdc.gov)
Targeted therapy1
  • Lichota J, Skjorringe T, Thomsen LB, Moos T. Macromolecular drug transport into the brain using targeted therapy. (springer.com)
Cognitive1
  • First author Axel Montagne and colleagues imaged 12 different regions of the brain in cognitively normal young and old adults, and in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. (alzforum.org)
Interaction2
  • unspecified interaction mechanism. (medscape.com)
  • The question for us now is not how to eliminate cholesterol from the brain, but about how to control cholesterol's role in Alzheimer's disease through the regulation of its interaction with amyloid-beta. (cam.ac.uk)
Reactive2
  • Method: We reviewed published literature on reactive oxygen species and their role in experimental and clinical brain injuries in journals and the Internet using Yahoo and Google search engines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Oxidative stress due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species with consequent impai rment of endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms plays significant role in the secondary events leading to neuronal death. (bvsalud.org)
Substances3
  • It works to protect us from harmful substances, while allowing substances required by the brain such as water and oxygen. (yinyanghouse.com)
  • Our laboratory investigates the role of the blood-brain barrier (a type of cell "shield" that prevents harmful substances from crossing into the brain) in health and disease. (ccf.org)
  • It forms a barrier that prevents many harmful substances from entering the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Findings2
  • The findings suggest that damage to the barrier puts people at risk of future dementia. (alzforum.org)
  • The author also comments on the potential mechanisms that may explain the findings. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Action2
  • The presence of cytokines in CNS has raised many questions about their function and mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mechanism of Action: After crossing the blood-brain barrier, methyldopa is decarboxylated to produce alpha-methylnorepinephrine. (quizlet.com)
Tissues2
  • However, for most BBB transporters, it is still difficult to synthesize selective probes and inhibitors to enable specific evaluation of the transport activities of the target transporters, because of the effects of other transporters, including functionally unknown transporters, as well as binding to brain tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Since its decarboxylase inhibiting activity is limited to extracerebral tissues, administration of carbidopa with levodopa makes more levodopa available for transport to the brain. (nih.gov)
Cells1
  • The aggregation of amyloid-beta eventually leads to the formation of amyloid plaques, in a toxic chain reaction that leads to the death of brain cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Rats2
  • The evaluation was performed in rats using microdialysis, which enabled continuous sampling of the released drug in both the brain (striatum) and blood. (springer.com)
  • Glutathione PEGylated liposomes: pharmacokinetics and delivery of cargo across the blood-brain barrier in rats. (springer.com)
Parkinson's1
  • Administration of dopamine is ineffective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease apparently because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. (nih.gov)
Selective1
Dysfunction1
  • Microvascular changes often involve pathological pericyte activation and bloodbrain barrier dysfunction. (lu.se)
Levodopa available1
  • Carbidopa inhibits the decarboxylation of peripheral levodopa, making more levodopa available for delivery to the brain. (centerwatch.com)
Incompletely understood1
  • Blood has long been a symbol of life and health, so it may be surprising that some aspects of blood production, i.e., hematopoiesis, remain incompletely understood. (news-medical.net)
Alzheimer's3
  • Leaky Blood-Brain Barrier a Harbinger of Alzheimer's? (alzforum.org)
  • It is also one of the brain regions that gets most damaged in the early stages of Alzheimer's. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Other studies have also found an association between cholesterol and the condition, since some genes which process cholesterol in the brain have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanism behind this link is not known. (cam.ac.uk)
Vascular1
  • The vascular endothelium provides a single target for these blood-borne products, which explains the multiple organ system involvement in preeclampsia. (health.am)
Epilepsy1
  • Cytochrome P450-mediated antiseizure medication interactions influence apoptosis, modulate the brain BAX/Bcl-XL ratio and aggravate mitochondrial stressors in human pharmacoresistant epilepsy. (ccf.org)
Intrinsic1
  • The team lead by Prof. Verdon Taylor was able to demonstrate for the first time a cell-intrinsic mechanism regulating stem cell fate . (neurosciencenews.com)
Methods1
  • Achar, A., Myers, R., Ghosh, C . Drug Delivery Challenges in Brain Disorders across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Novel Methods and Future Considerations for Improved Therapy. (ccf.org)