HyperresponsivenessSpirometryMethacholineBronchodilatorResponsivenessInflammationImpulse oscillometryAsthmaPatientsCross-sectionalPulmonaryExpiratoryInfantsObstructiveObstruction is presentReactanceSeverityResponsesMaximalAirflow obstructionIncreasesConductanceCollapseVentilationLarge airwaysSmall airwaysParenchymaCollapsibleUnderwentContinuousInspiratoryStenosisDiagnoseDiagnosisBronchialDiseaseDysfunctionDaytime sleepinessApneaPerformed to detectCholinergicMechanicalTracheaTransverseIncreased flowLumenNasal resistancePeripheral resistanceRespiratory system resistanceDecreaseEvaluationSputumUpperMucosalDensityPressure
Hyperresponsiveness7
- The chronic inflammation of asthma is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent symptoms, yet lung function may nevertheless remain normal. (cmaj.ca)
- Identification of airway hyperresponsiveness thus has clinical value, particularly in the diagnosis of asthma in people with normal spirometry results or with symptoms uncharacteristic of asthma. (cmaj.ca)
- Airway hyperresponsiveness is usually measured using direct stimuli, such as methacholine or histamine, that act by stimulating specific receptors on the bronchial smooth muscle to cause contraction and narrowing of the airways. (cmaj.ca)
- Vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia significantly promoted Foxp3 + Treg and Th1 productions, decreased Th2 and Th17 cells expressions, alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells infiltration during AAD. (nature.com)
- Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway chronic inflammation together with airway hyperresponsiveness 1 . (nature.com)
- These tests are performed in specialized laboratories by specially trained personnel to document airway hyperresponsiveness to substances (eg, methacholine, histamine). (medscape.com)
- RESULTS: Wild type mice developed a greater degree of airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh at 1 day post exposure to Cl2 compared with TCR-delta-/- mice. (cdc.gov)
Spirometry7
- 2 After an appropriate history has been obtained and a physical examination performed, the recommended diagnostic testing methods include spirometry (preferred), serial peak flow measurements and provocational challenges. (cmaj.ca)
- The COSMED body box provides "gold standard" measurement of lung volumes (TGV), airway resistance (RAW), and spirometry. (cosmed.com)
- In young children (3-6 y) and older children who are unable to perform the conventional spirometry maneuver, newer techniques, such as measurement of airway resistance using impulse oscillometry system, are used. (medscape.com)
- Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- No study subjects met spirometry diagnosis of airway obstruction. (biomedcentral.com)
- This measurement from spirometry may potentially shorten the diagnostic delay of SGS patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- The flow-volume (FV) curves derived from standard spirometry, have long been described as a tool for detecting intra- or extra thoracal fixed upper airway obstructions [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Methacholine6
- Measurements were made under the baseline conditions (BL), and during increasing doses (D1-D4) of iv methacholine or histamine, administered in random sequence. (ersjournals.com)
- In the methacholine-stimulated lungs, mean shortening was between 45 and 56% at medium and low lung volumes in gas- and liquid-filled lungs, respectively, and approximated the degree of shortening required to cause airway closure. (ox.ac.uk)
- The degree of airway responsiveness can be assessed by methacholine challenge testing. (medscape.com)
- After collection of baseline measurements, methacholine was administered intravenously to Beagle dogs (n = 6) and cynomolgus monkeys (n = 4) at 8 and 68 μg/kg, respectively. (thorasys.com)
- METHODS: C57Bl/6J (wild type) and TCR-delta-/- mice exposed to Cl2 (400 ppm) for 5 minutes underwent measurements of airway responses to i.v. methacholine (MCh) at 1, 3, and 5 days after exposure. (cdc.gov)
- CONCLUSION: The severity of airway epithelial injury after Cl2 is greater in TCR-delta-/- mice but the inflammatory response and the change in airway responsiveness to methacholine are reduced. (cdc.gov)
Bronchodilator3
- These changes, the effects of a bronchodilator in COPD, and deviations of Zrs from second-order behavior in normals, can best be explained by a two-compartment parallel model, in which time-constant discrepancies between the lung parenchyma and compliant airway keep compliant greater than inertial reactance, resulting in a more negative phase angle as frequency is increased. (nih.gov)
- Measurement of airway resistance before and after a dose of inhaled bronchodilator may help to diagnose bronchodilator-responsive airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
- Documentation of reversibility of airway obstruction after bronchodilator therapy is central to the definition of asthma. (medscape.com)
Responsiveness1
- The role of gamma delta T cells in airway epithelial injury and bronchial responsiveness after chlorine gas exposure in mice. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation7
- The evidence showing inflammation and remodelling in distal airways, and their possible involvement in asthma control and natural history, was reviewed. (ersjournals.com)
- Inflammation in distal airways appeared more intense in severe and uncontrolled asthma. (ersjournals.com)
- The presence of certain key symptoms may suggest the presence of asthma, but can also result from airway inflammation alone, from chronic rather than reversible airflow limitation, or from other respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions. (cmaj.ca)
- Moreover, asthma symptoms correlate poorly with abnormalities of lung function 9 and airway inflammation, 10 , 11 and thus in isolation may suggest a less severe form of the disease than is actually present. (cmaj.ca)
- These results suggest that children with low vitamin D levels may be more susceptible to airway inflammation due to BPA. (europeanreview.org)
- model the more chronic type of airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
- In summary, these data suggest that the vigor of setting of ongoing Th2-induced chronic airway inflammation is asthma-like responses appear to be more dependent on the critical and determines the net outcome (Cohn et al. (cdc.gov)
Impulse oscillometry1
- BACKGROUND: Airway clearance techniques are supposed to be a necessary adjunct for the enhancement of impaired peripheral clearance in cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective was to assess the effect of one physiotherapy session (autogenic drainage: AD) on mucus clearance (sputum wet weight) and impulse oscillometry system (IOS) indices, including those obtained from extended Resistance-Inertance-Compliance (eRIC) modelling, considering the degree of bronchial congestion. (bvsalud.org)
Asthma9
- The present review is the summary of an expert workshop that took place in Vence (France) in 2007 on the role of distal airways in asthma. (ersjournals.com)
- Finally, the available data studying the benefit of treatment better targeting distal airways in asthma was examined. (ersjournals.com)
- It was concluded that both proximal and distal airways were involved in asthma and that distal airways were the major determinant of airflow obstruction. (ersjournals.com)
- Distal airways were poorly attained by conventional aerosol of asthma medications owing to their granulometry, being composed of 3-5 μm particles. (ersjournals.com)
- Thus, it is not surprising that the roles of distal airways in the natural history of asthma have long been neglected. (ersjournals.com)
- Although many clinicians diagnose asthma on the basis of a trial of therapy, objective measurements are necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis. (cmaj.ca)
- Asthma is an inflammatory disease 13 associated with symptoms resulting from abnormalities of airway function, in particular wide, short-term variations in airflow resistance in the intrapulmonary airways. (cmaj.ca)
- Measurement of sputum eosinophilia has been proposed for clinical use in the diagnosis of asthma. (cmaj.ca)
- This technique has been used to diagnose airway obstruction and to evaluate response to bronchodilators in asthma. (drneetutalwar.com)
Patients11
- For patients in whom obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suspected or is diagnosed, examination of the upper airway is essential for determining an optimal treatment, as many variables are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, making the choice of the correct treatment a complex one. (medscape.com)
- Patients' complaints of nasal obstruction are not always confirmed by these objective measurements. (wikipedia.org)
- Routing pulmonary function tests (VC, FEV1, FRC, and airway resistance (Raw)) were repeatedly measured in normal subjects, patients with stable irreversible airways obstruction, and patients with stable restrictive disease. (bmj.com)
- The formulation of sulfite-containing propofol (SCP) has not been thoroughly investigated in patients with the extensive smoking history for the effects on the total respiratory system resistance after tracheal intubation. (silverchair.com)
- Therefore, the aim of this prospective randomized and double blind study was to investigate the effects of EDTA-containing propofol (ECP) and SCP on total respiratory system resistance (Rrs) in patients with the prolonged smoking history and undergoing propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia with tracheal intubation. (silverchair.com)
- The total respiratory system resistance measured repeatedly for 10 min after tracheal intubation in patients with smoking history is significantly elevated after induction with SCP than after induction with ECP. (silverchair.com)
- Sulfite sensitivity in the form of bronchospasm is known to occur in the population of patients with reactive airways and bronchoconstriction was reported previously after inhalation, enteric or intravenous administration of sulfite containing products. (silverchair.com)
- The patients with snoring should be evaluated for nasal airway obstruction. (scirp.org)
- Q-NRG+ is the first Indirect Calorimeter specifically intended for the measurement of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in patients who are mechanically ventilated or spontaneously breathing and for healthy subjects. (cosmed.com)
- Aim: To evaluate prospectively the upper airway of 16 patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. (bvsalud.org)
- La réanimation agressive, la prise en charge nutritionnelle, l'excision chirur- gicale complète des plaies infectées, la fermeture rapide des plaies, les greffes et la mise au point d'une chimiothérapie locale et systémique efficace ont permis d'améliorer grandement le taux de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients brûlés. (who.int)
Cross-sectional1
Pulmonary3
- It is important for interpreting volume-dependent pulmonary mechanics such as airway resistance or forced expiratory flows, and for defining normal lung growth. (ersjournals.com)
- The usefulness and limitations of various techniques used for assessing distal airways were also evaluated, including pulmonary function tests and imaging. (ersjournals.com)
- Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) was measured using a CP-100 pulmonary function monitor 5 min after endotracheal intubation. (druglib.com)
Expiratory4
- Spirographic findings and the peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate (PEFR) are determined immediately after the exercise period and at 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes after the first measurement. (medscape.com)
- Measurement of the forced expiratory flow volume curve is the mainstay for diagnosing chronic obstructive lung disease and quality standards for its measurement have been well established and updated [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, an expiratory curve-derived screening parameter was proposed to detect an upper airway stenosis by Empey et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- NIOSH certification limits for FFR inspiratory and expiratory filter resistance are 35 and 25 mm H 2 O pressure, respectively (tested at a constant airflow rate of 85 L∙min -1 ) [ 2 ]. (cdc.gov)
Infants3
- The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations pertaining to equipment requirements, study procedures and reporting of data for plethysmographic measurements in infants. (ersjournals.com)
- The aim of this paper is to summarize what is currently seen to be good laboratory practice, and to provide recommendations for both users and manufacturers of infant lung function equipment and software with respect to plethysmographic measurements of lung volume and airway resistance in infants. (ersjournals.com)
- Also, infants' smaller airway caliber gives increased airway resistance, and absence of collateral ventilation increases tendency toward atelectasis. (msdmanuals.com)
Obstructive2
- Due to multiple arousals, upper airway resistance syndrome causes hypertension similar to obstructive sleep apnea . (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- The sleep apnea obstructive syndrome is a debilitating condition in which the upper airway collapse causes mechanical obstruction to the airflow during sleep, which may result in an impairment of daily activities, as well as cardiac and neurovascular implications. (bvsalud.org)
Obstruction is present2
- Airway resistance is increased when significant obstruction is present. (medscape.com)
- This index is based on the alteration in the flow-volume curve if an upper airways obstruction is present [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactance1
- External pressure oscillations are applied at the mouth and flow & pressure changes are calculated to obtain impedance, resistance and reactance of the respiratory system. (drneetutalwar.com)
Severity2
- While the level of the changes in S II is consistent with the severity of airway constriction, its alteration depends fundamentally on the mode of constrictor stimulus. (ersjournals.com)
- For all levels of severity, continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) can be considered. (pacifichealth.info)
Responses1
- Postchallenge measurements of Penh focused on responses delayed in onset. (cdc.gov)
Maximal2
- Reliability of translaryngeal airway resistance measurements during maximal exercise. (uib.no)
- Effects of lung volume and surface forces on maximal airway smooth muscle shortening. (ox.ac.uk)
Airflow obstruction2
- Although these airways contribute little to airflow obstruction in normal airways, studies have revealed that distal airways accounted for up to 50-90% of total airflow resistance in asthmatics [ 1 ], implying that distal airways were the main site of airflow obstruction in asthmatics. (ersjournals.com)
- People with COPD had airflow obstruction, increased airway resistance (Raw) and specific conductance (sGaw), static hyperinflation and dynamically hyperinflated during exercise. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Increases1
Conductance1
- The Q-Box is the standalone body-box from COSMED for Gold Standard measurement of Static Lung Volumes (TLC, RV, TGV) and Airway Resistance and Conductance (RAW, GAW) through the body plethysmography technique. (cosmed.com)
Collapse1
- Various surgical treatments are available including uvulo palato pharyngo plasty (UPPP) to increase the airway and to reduce the airway collapse. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
Ventilation4
- These findings suggest the limited ability of S III to detect constriction of the conductive airways, if no severe ventilation heterogeneities develop. (ersjournals.com)
- In order to improve the current ventilation model, airways resistance of the mine was determined and simulated in a modified model using VentSim TM software. (scirp.org)
- This test evaluates the non - homogeneity of ventilation and is especially of use in evaluating children with peripheral airway obstruction. (drneetutalwar.com)
- As some drugs may not cause changes in core battery parameters such as tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) or minute ventilation (MV), including measurements of respiratory mechanics in safety pharmacology studies represents an opportunity for design refinement. (thorasys.com)
Large airways2
- In an outpatient or office setting, measurement of the peak flow rate by using a peak flow meter can provide useful information about obstruction in the large airways. (medscape.com)
- As a result, airflow resistance decreases as air moves from the large airways to the smaller bronchioli. (cdc.gov)
Small airways2
- Histopathology showed interstitial lung disease consistent with small airways disease, bronchiolocentric parenchymal disease, and nonnecrotizing granulomatous condition. (cdc.gov)
- Structural changes of small airways caused by chronic DE exposure is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Parenchyma1
- It goes beyond traditional resistance and compliance measurements, and captures crucial details about the mechanical properties of conducting airways, terminal airways and parenchyma. (scireq.com)
Collapsible1
- The turbulence leads to vibration of the soft tissues in the collapsible part of the upper airway. (scirp.org)
Underwent2
- METHODS: Thirty children with CF (median age: 12.7 years) in a stable condition prospectively underwent IOS measurements at baseline and after AD. (bvsalud.org)
- Ten subjects underwent treadmill exercise at 5.6 km/h over one hour while wearing each of three identical appearing, cup-shaped, prototype filtering facepiece respirators that differed only in their filter resistances (3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm H 2 O pressure drop). (cdc.gov)
Continuous2
- In this study, airway resistances were determined for five levels at Rosh-Pinah underground zinc mine using continuous mining machines and the sub-level open stoping method. (scirp.org)
- European Standard EN:149 indicates inhalation resistance limits of 7.1 and 24.4 mm H 2 O pressure, respectively, at 30 and 95 liters-per-minute of continuous airflow and exhalation resistance limits of 30.5 mm H 2 O pressure at 160 liters-per-minute of airflow). (cdc.gov)
Inspiratory3
- Alveolar over-distention is commonly assessed by measurement of the end-inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplat). (medicosecuador.com)
- They completed plethysmographically measured lung function and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing with dynamic measurement of inspiratory capacity while taking and not taking beta blocker. (edgehill.ac.uk)
- The nominal filter resistances of the prototype filtering facepiece respirators correspond to airflow resistances ranging from 2.1 - 6.6 mm H 2 O/L/s which are less than, or minimally equivalent to, previously reported values for the normal threshold for detection of inspiratory breathing resistance (6 - 7.6 mm H 2 O/L/sec). (cdc.gov)
Stenosis2
- An acquired benign subglottic stenosis in adults (SGS) is a rare condition that causes airway obstruction and may lead to severe respiratory distress. (biomedcentral.com)
- Etiological triggers for the development of this excessive fibrosis are auto-immune disorders (e.g. granulomatosis polyangiitis), traumatic or post-intubation/post-tracheostomy injuries to the airway, or sometimes unknown (idiopathic subglottic stenosis) [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnose1
- The gold standard instrument to diagnose an SGS, is endoscopy of the upper airway (laryngo- or bronchoscopy). (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnosis2
- Diagnosis is by ultrasonographic measurement. (msdmanuals.com)
- Diagnosis is by ultrasonographic measurement of amniotic fluid volume. (msdmanuals.com)
Bronchial3
- [ 1 ] The lower airway begins in the trachea and continues to the bronchial tree. (medscape.com)
- CONCLUSION: One session of autogenic drainage has the ability to decrease peripheral resistance obtained from IOS measurements, more specifically in children with CF with moderate to severe bronchial congestion. (bvsalud.org)
- Your airways are the parts of your body that carry air to your lungs, including your nose, throat, trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes that connect your windpipe to each lung. (medlineplus.gov)
Disease2
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has also been described in upper airway dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- Four weeks after pneumonia, mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce allergic airway disease (AAD). (nature.com)
Dysfunction1
- BACKGROUND: Acute exposure to chlorine (Cl2) gas causes epithelial injury and airway dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
Daytime sleepiness1
- The symptoms of upper airway resistance syndrome are daytime sleepiness and excessive fatigue. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
Apnea1
- Treatment for upper airway resistance syndrome is same as the sleep apnea treatment. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
Performed to detect1
- Unilateral measurements are performed to detect any asymmetry or abnormality in nasal airway resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Cholinergic1
- Thus, we aimed at relating the changes in S II and S III to those reflecting airway mechanics when the constrictor stimulus is of cholinergic or histaminic origin. (ersjournals.com)
Mechanical2
- Measurements of Zrs were corrected for the parallel shunt impedance of the mouth, which was independently measured during a Valsalva maneuver, and from which the mechanical properties of the mouth were derived. (nih.gov)
- Mechanical effects of obesity on central and peripheral airway resistance in nonasthmatic early pubescent children. (childrens.com)
Trachea2
- The respiratory tract consists of the trachea, the right and left lungs, and two types of branching airways in each lung--bronchi and bronchioli. (cdc.gov)
- From the trachea, the airways divide progressively like branching trees in both symmetrical and asymmetrical fashion (see Exhibit 1-1). (cdc.gov)
Transverse1
- The amount of smooth muscle shortening present in transverse sections of the airways was determined by comparing the observed outer perimeter of the smooth muscle layer with its calculated relaxed perimeter. (ox.ac.uk)
Increased flow1
- Increased pressure during respiration is a result of increased resistance to airflow through nasal passages (nasal blockage), while increased flow, which means the speed of airstream, is related to better patency. (wikipedia.org)
Lumen4
- Wall and lumen areas of 6th and 9th generations of four candidate airways were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 78 diesel engine testers (DET) and 76 non-DETs. (biomedcentral.com)
- This suggested that small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early feature of airway remodeling in DETs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early image feature detected by CT and underlie the pathology of lung injury in DETs. (biomedcentral.com)
- The pattern of changes in small airway dimensions, i.e., thicker airway wall without lumen narrowing caused by occupational DE exposure was different to that (i.e., thicker airway wall with lumen narrowing) seen in our previous study of workers exposed to nano-scale carbon black aerosol, suggesting constituents other than carbon cores may contribute to such differences. (biomedcentral.com)
Nasal resistance1
- Nasal obstruction leads to increased values of nasal resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral resistance1
- The eRIC model allowed the calculation of the peripheral resistance of the respiratory system, which also decreased in the children with congestion (P = 0.037), however, not modified in the children without congestion (P = 0.390). (bvsalud.org)
Respiratory system resistance3
- Total respiratory system resistance (Rrs), was measured continuously for 10 min postintubation. (silverchair.com)
- The preservative used for propofol formulation may alter the effects of propofol on the total respiratory system resistance in smokers. (silverchair.com)
- The present study aimed to test a novel non-invasive methodology to concomitantly measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and conventional respiratory parameters (Vt, RR, MV) in conscious Beagle dogs and cynomolgus monkeys. (thorasys.com)
Decrease3
- Increased upper airway resistance in this syndrome does not lead to cessation of airflow or decrease in airflow, but instead leads to an arousal secondary to increased work of breathing to overcome the resistance. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- There is no decrease of oxygen but with measurement of airflow through the nose and mouth, there are signs of decreased breathing. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- Only opioids could be used for labor analgesia in these situations, as they do not decrease systemic vascular resistance. (medscape.com)
Evaluation1
- Although this is widely used for the upper airway evaluation, there is still lack of cephalometric studies which specifically evaluate the upper airway after SARME. (bvsalud.org)
Sputum1
- Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
Upper10
- An example of an upper airway examination is provided below. (medscape.com)
- The upper airway begins at the entrance of the nose and continues to the hypopharynx. (medscape.com)
- The structures forming the upper airway are the nose and the pharynx with its 3 divisions (ie, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx). (medscape.com)
- Upper airway resistance syndrome is a sleep condition characterized by airway resistance to breathing during sleep. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- The airway of the person suffering from upper airway resistance syndrome restricts and reduced in size and this relaxation reduces the airway further. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- Oral appliances push the tongue and mandible forward and help in reducing the upper airway resistance syndrome. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- Positive airway pressure therapy works by splinting the airway open from the pressure, thus reducing the upper airway resistance syndrome. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- It more commonly is due to partial obstruction of the upper airway. (pacifichealth.info)
- The differences in neck circumference (NC), linear distance between mandibular plane and hyoid bone (Mp-H), upper airway length (UAL), the maximum thickness of the soft palate (SP max), soft palate length (PNS-U), linear distance between anterior and posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS), retroglosal width (RS), retroplatal width (RP) between the snoring and non-snoring groups were compared statistically using independent sample t-test. (scirp.org)
- Methods: Volumetric tomography acquisitions were done preoperatively (T1) and after six months postoperatively (T2), the slices were obtained from the hard palate to the third cervical vertebra (C3), the images were imported and reconstructed in the Dolphin software for 2D definition of the upper airway. (bvsalud.org)
Mucosal2
- When the measurements are performed before and after the application of a nasal decongestant spray, the differences in resistance can be attributed to nasal mucosal congestion. (wikipedia.org)
- gammadelta T cells are present in the mucosal surface of the airways and may contribute to the injury/repair response of the epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Density1
- air density, and roughness of the airways which were used to determine coefficient of frictions, friction factors and airway resistances. (scirp.org)
Pressure8
- The existing accessible information at Rosh Pinah zinc mine is mainly focused on airflows, pressure drops as well as the thermal conditions of the airways. (scirp.org)
- It is detectable with measurement of pressure changes in the esophagus. (sleepdisordersguide.com)
- Differences between set and effective CPAP level and F IO 2 , as well as the lowest airway pressure and the pressure swing around the imposed CPAP level, were analyzed. (rcjournal.com)
- The lowest airway pressure and swing were correlated to the pressure-time product (area of the airway pressure curve below the CPAP level) measured with the simulator. (rcjournal.com)
- Pressure-time product correlated better with pressure swing (Spearman correlation coefficient [ρ] = 0.97) than with lowest airway pressure (ρ = 0.92). (rcjournal.com)
- However, the arousals and sleep fragmentation related to an increased effort to breathe can be diagnosed by measurement of pressure changes in the esophagus. (thetmjconnection.com)
- During measurements, pressure and flow signals were recorded. (thorasys.com)
- FFRs are classified as negative pressure respirators because inhalation against the resistance of the filter media creates pressure within the FFR deadspace (V D ) that is negative with respect to ambient air pressure. (cdc.gov)