• The disposition of repetitive elements throughout the genome can consist either in directly adjacent arrays called tandem repeats or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome called interspersed repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats and interspersed repeats are further categorized into subclasses based on the length of the repeated sequence and/or the mode of multiplication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats may vary in the number of nucleotides comprising the repeated sequence, as well as the number of times the sequence repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats have a wide variety of biological functions in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to playing an important role in recombination, tandem repeats also play important structural roles in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs) compose approximately 3% of the genome, and mutations at STR loci have been linked to dozens of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington disease, and fragile X syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A putative function has been assigned, using the gene ontology approach, to the set of genes harboring at least one SSR. (researchgate.net)
  • in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these repeated sequences are necessary for maintaining important genome structures such as telomeres or centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • While some repeated DNA sequences are important for cellular functioning and genome maintenance, other repetitive sequences can be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, an abundance of neutral repeats can still influence genome evolution as they accumulate over time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, repeated sequences are an important area of focus because they can provide insight into human diseases and genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these tools are designed to detect STR expansions at disease-related loci, while others detect expansions and contractions of STRs genome-wide but are constrained by sequencing read length and the STR motif size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A set of 490 markers that were typed in all constituent RI sets were used as anchor loci to assemble high-resolution framework maps. (nervenet.org)
  • The final consensus maps are based on 1578 microsatellite loci and these maps have a cumulative length of approximately 1400 cM after adjustment for recombination frequencies of RI strains. (nervenet.org)
  • 2) at qtl and marker loci. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Perfect repeats mutate about 2 × more often than imperfect repeats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 4,761 perfect and 6,583 imperfect SSRs were present in 3,781 genes (14.11% of the total), corresponding to an overall density across the gene space of 32,5 and 44,9 SSRs/Mbp for perfect and imperfect motifs, respectively. (researchgate.net)
  • We hypothesize that there might be at least three types of autism susceptibility genes/mutations that can be (i) specific to an individual patient or family, (ii) in a genetically isolated sub-population and (iii) a common factor shared amongst different populations. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The genes/mutations could act alone or interact with other genetic and/or epigenetic or environmental factors, causing autism or related disorders. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the 1990s, more research was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of minisatellite and microsatellite repeats because of their importance in DNA-based forensics and molecular ecology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Slatkin [ 4 ] argued that local extinction and re-colonisation dynamics imply ongoing gene flow, which will prevent local populations from becoming differentiated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These populations originated from a common ancestor, and a rapid demographic expansion began approximately 90,000 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The natural populations from China with specific genetic characteristics enriched the gene pools of global A. thaliana collections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, interactions between genes and the environment cannot usually be studied using conventional mapping populations in which each animal is unique. (nervenet.org)
  • Further studies are needed to determine if recovery from this perturbation through gradual mixing of diverged populations by migration and gene flow leads to the pre-climate event state, or whether the observed changes represent a new genetic equilibrium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first stage involved identifying, in unrelated subjects showing linkage to 2q24-q33, genetic variants in exons and flanking sequence within candidate genes and comparing the frequency of the variants between autistic and unrelated nonautistic subjects. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Linkage and association of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier SLC25A12 gene with autism. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed evidence for divergent distribution between autistic and nonautistic subjects were identified, both within SLC25A12, a gene encoding the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC1). (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Specimens were identified by color pattern, morphometric and meristic data, and using mitochondrial markers COI, 16S rDNA and Control Region (CR). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study we have increased the density of microsatellite markers 2- to 5-fold in each of several major RI sets that share C57BL/6 as a parental strain (AXB, BXA, BXD, BXH, and CXB). (nervenet.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is only 2-10 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a minisatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • For minisatellites and microsatellites, the number of times the sequence repeats at a single locus can range from twice to hundreds of times. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of repeated sequence DNA makes it easier for areas of homology to align, thereby controlling when and where recombination occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • scolymus) has been used to catalog the genome's content of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (researchgate.net)
  • genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 1 in that it contains basic N-terminal amino acid residues. (lookformedical.com)
  • lipid transfer protein genes of loblolly pine are members of a complex gene family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • We found that population turnover after 2003 led to a loss of allelic richness and gene diversity but not to significant changes in observed heterozygosity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These repeats fold into highly organized G quadruplex structures which protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • McClintock's work set the stage for the discovery of repeated sequences because transposition, centromere structure, and telomere structure are all possible through repetitive elements, yet this was not fully understood at the time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SSRs were categorized for the numbers of repeats present, their overall length and were allocated to their linkage group. (researchgate.net)
  • Negative association findings and research involving the serotonin transporter gene, FMR1, RELN, WNT2, HOXA1, and HOXB1 genes may be found elsewhere on this site . (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the present study, genes across the 2q24-q33 interval were analyzed to identify an autism susceptibility gene in this region. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • control of cad gene expression could involve either differential regulation of more than one cad gene or, alternatively combinatorial regulation of a single cad gene. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • xylem-specific gene expression in loblolly pine. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The SSR markers were validated via an in silico based PCR analysis adopting two available assembled transcriptomes, derived from contrasting globe artichoke accessions, as templates. (researchgate.net)
  • Many repeat sequences are likely to be non-functional, decaying remnants of Transposable elements, these have been labelled "junk" or "selfish" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • A database, called "Cynara cardunculus MicroSatellite DataBase" (CyMSatDB) was developed to provide a searchable interface to the SSR data. (researchgate.net)