• Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The pharmaceutical industry currently uses cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors to target cell proliferation for cancer chemotherapy. (foxchase.org)
  • Induction of p16 inhibits cell proliferation and thus can help to block the growth of tumors in a specific manner. (foxchase.org)
  • Dr. Greg Enders developed TetOp16 transgenic mice which would allow for cell, tissue or organ-specific expression of p16INK4a, thereby allowing a broad control of cell proliferation in mice. (foxchase.org)
  • Studies on cell proliferation are usually associated with deleterious side effects such as DNA damage and inflammation. (foxchase.org)
  • TetOp16 transgenic mice offer a way to selectively manipulate cell proliferation by allowing for temporal and spatial regulation of p16INK4a expression. (foxchase.org)
  • Thus, this mouse model is a very useful tool in research studies of cancer, development, tissue renewal, aging, and a variety of chronic diseases that involve cell proliferation. (foxchase.org)
  • Drosophila CIAPIN1 homologue is required for follicle cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, AKT/mTOR signaling and MAPK signaling were inhibited by JIB extract to suppress melanoma cell growth and proliferation. (medsci.org)
  • The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • As expected, cell experiments confirmed that upregulating pSmad3C boosts the inhibitory activity of AS-IV on phenotypes (cell proliferation, migration and invasion), followed by a shift of pSmad3L to pSmad3C and activation of Nrf2/HO-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The effects of I3C and genistein on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were examined in human endometrial cancer cells (Hec 1A and Ishikawa) and normal endometrial cells (T-HESCs). (dsmc.or.kr)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • MYBL2 is a transcription factor that activates multiple genes whose protein products promote cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. (grantome.com)
  • The exact mechanism by which FGFR3 inhibits IHH and PTHrP remains elusive although it seems that one of the chemical pathways activated through FGFR3 (the STAT1 pathway - Figure 2) induces cell cycle inhibitors (agents that block cell multiplication) leading to inhibition of IHH (which is, as said above, a cell proliferation promoter). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
  • ZNF148 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and was transcriptionally repressed by MYC in breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • Depletion of ZNF148 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 increased triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and migration. (nature.com)
  • Surprisingly, in the light of previous studies with other cells, the PP2A-dependent proliferation could be dissociated from activation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in macrophages because OA did not affect either the basal or CSF-1-induced ERK activity in BMM. (edu.au)
  • The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and excessive extracellular matrix protein accumulation are the basic pathological processes of myocardial fibrosis. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Cell cycle analysis showed that visfatin increased S-stage percentage and proliferation index in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (thieme-connect.com)
  • We have generated a mouse model, in which MTC proliferation is induced upon conditional overexpression of the CDK5 activator, p25, in C-cells, and arrested by interrupting p25 overexpression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Reducing CDK5 activity in human MTC cells down-regulated these cell cycle regulators suggesting that CDK5 activity is critical for cell cycle progression and MTC proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition of ERK suppressed DNA synthesis and had an additive effect with Cd-inhibited proliferation suggesting that Cd-induced ERK activity is not responsible for the G2/M arrest and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • The researchers measured relative protein levels from over 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. (ddw-online.com)
  • Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
  • The 9p21 deletion leads to the loss of some key genes in cancer cells. (utexas.edu)
  • Gone are a pair of genes that produce cell cycle regulators - proteins that keep healthy cells growing and dividing at a slow, steady rate. (utexas.edu)
  • When those genes are lost, cells can grow unchecked. (utexas.edu)
  • The validations of these guns are carried out in cell lines by over-expressing or banging out these genes. (ecolowood.com)
  • Genes for fluorescent marker proteins can be expressed in defined, spatially restricted neuron populations. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Transcription factors turn on specific genes allowing the production of proteins associated with the gene so if growth is going to continue the negative regulators must not be active. (byui.edu)
  • The MYC proto-oncogene ( MYC ) is one of the most frequently overexpressed genes in breast cancer that drives cancer stem cell-like traits, resulting in aggressive disease progression and poor prognosis. (nature.com)
  • Tumor initiation and progression often involve the dysregulation of developmentally important genes in cancer cells, endowing them with stem cell-like features such as enhanced self-renewal, invasiveness, and an aberrant differentiation state [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (cret-signal.com)
  • Here, we identify genes and proteins that are differentially expressed in proliferating versus arrested benign mouse MTC. (oncotarget.com)
  • We find that downstream target genes of the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein, including genes encoding cell cycle regulators such as CDKs, cyclins and CDK inhibitors, are significantly upregulated in malignant mouse tumors in a CDK5-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • 20 000 protein coding genes (Parsons mutations. (who.int)
  • A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • 53BP2, a p53-interacting protein, enhances p53 transactivation, impedes cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Flow cytometric analysis evidenced that piperine arrested the cell cycle at growth 2/mitosis phase, hence suppressed the breast cancer progression. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
  • Further analysis with flow cytometry in the presence of OA led to the novel conclusion that PP2A activity is critical for CSF-1-driven BMM cell cycle progression in both early G1 and S phases. (edu.au)
  • Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analyses of ZNF148 revealed a central role in inhibiting cancer cell de-differentiation and migration. (nature.com)
  • The MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor essential in stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • Developmentally, it is well established that expression of the ID members is strongest in stem/progenitor cells, while their levels decrease upon differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cell surface sensors on immune cells that ordinarily recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by infectious agents may also interact with DAMPs, leading to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in a nonpathogen-induced 'sterile' inflammatory response. (nature.com)
  • As we know, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3) helps modulating the chondrocyte cell cycle within the growth plate through two main chemical pathways, one managed by a group of enzymes called MAPK and the other defined by its main enzyme STAT1. (treatingachondroplasia.com)
  • Determined by the notion of oncogene addiction, however, hepatoma cells such as HEP3B expressing pX could in concept have larger basal amounts of ERK1/2 and AKT activity which would in turn make them additional vulnerable to cell death processes following inhibition of these signal transduction pathways by 17AAG and MEK1/2 inhibitor publicity. (cret-signal.com)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Temperature-Induced uncoupling of cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)
  • Molecules that help regulate the cell cycle can be categorized into two groups: positive and negative regulators. (byui.edu)
  • Proteins called cyclins and cylcin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are considered positive cell cycle regulators and act by phosphorylating other proteins. (byui.edu)
  • 5) found out that fluvastatin , one of the statins, was able to increase the expression of one of the key regulators of bone growth, a protein called Indian Hedgehog (IHH). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
  • Consequently, in order to develop effective targeted therapy, there is a pressing need to identify all molecular regulators that define cancer stem cell traits in TNBC. (nature.com)
  • Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
  • Activated and released IRE1α acts as an RNase to initiate transcription of XBP1 mRNA and it becomes a transcriptional activator for unfolded protein response (UPR) gene targets, such as BiP and calreticulin ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the zebrafish, rprma mRNA is expressed in the olfactory placodes (OP) and olfactory epithelium (OE), rprmb is observed in the tectum opticum (TeO) and trigeminal ganglion (Tg), whereas rprml is found primarily in the telencephalon (Tel). At protein level, RPRM is present in a subset of cells in the OP, and neurons in the OE, TeO, hindbrain and sensory peripheral structures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Herein we examine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of RPRM gene-products (mRNA and protein) during neural development. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, western blot and qPCR were used to verify the bidirectional cross-talking of pSmad3C/3L and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling protein and mRNA in vivo and in vitro models of HCC. (bvsalud.org)
  • In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In many instances, the manifestation of protein and its mRNA do not GSK221149A have one to one correlation due to posttranscriptional rules7,8. (ecolowood.com)
  • The IRES directing the translation of p53 is in the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA, whereas the IRES mediating the translation of ΔN-p53 extends further into the protein-coding region. (iisc.ac.in)
  • RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used for determining procollagen I and III mRNA expression and protein production. (thieme-connect.com)
  • It was also found that visfatin upregulated collagen I and III production, procollagen I and III mRNA expression and protein production. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)
  • We recently showed phosphorylation of Drosophila Plexin A by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and subsequent inhibition of plexin-mediated repulsive guidance. (stanford.edu)
  • Teatment with I3C and genistein induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. (dsmc.or.kr)
  • Data of Western blot analysis revealed that co-traetment with I3C and genistein induced the expression of p53, p21,p27, and FAS suggesting that I3C and genistein-induced growth inhibition in uterine endometrial cancer cells was associated with increased p21 and p27 expression in a p53-dependent manner. (dsmc.or.kr)
  • PD184352 has undergone clinical evaluation in phase I and phase II trials involving individuals with superior malignancies and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed at increased drug doses indicating that reaching wanted pharmacodynamic results in vivo was possible. (cret-signal.com)
  • In addition, Nrf2 has a two-way regulatory effect on tumours, protecting normal cells from carcinogens and promoting tumour cell survival in chemotherapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings uncover a previously unknown tumor suppressor role for ZNF148, and a transcriptional regulatory circuitry encompassing MYC, ZNF148, and ID1/3 in driving cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • We previously reported a MYC-centered regulatory network in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that accounts for the similarity between the ES cells and cancer cells, and is associated with a worse prognosis in cancer, including cancers of the breast [ 20 ]. (nature.com)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • 2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)
  • More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)
  • however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is required for the development of monocytes/macrophages from progenitor cells and for the survival and activation of mature macrophages. (edu.au)
  • We used four MPM cell lines (MS589, H28, H2052, JMN), a normal mesothelial cell line (HM3), and a lung cancer cell line (H23) in survival studies utilizing bortezomib, cisplatin, and pemetrexed alone and in combination by administering concurrently or by varying the order of administration. (mesothelioma-line.com)
  • Pretreatment with PD98059 increased Cd-induced cytotoxicity suggesting that ERK activation may be a survival response in the present cell system. (cdc.gov)
  • BC comprises of variant subtypes and those subtypes arise from basal progenitor or luminal progenitor cells undergoing different genetic mutations[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • BIMA, a TPR-containing protein required for mitosis, localizes to the spindle pole body in Aspergillus nidulans. (rupress.org)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. (nih.gov)
  • JIB extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase and decreased cyclin and cdk protein expressions. (medsci.org)
  • As cyclin concentrations fluctuate according to timing events in the cell cycle, different complexes of cyclin/Cdk complexes form which result in different phosphorylation activities. (byui.edu)
  • It is the amount and activity of the cyclin/Cdk activities that signal the cell to continue to different phases. (byui.edu)
  • As the levels of p53 increase, p21 becomes triggered which reinforces the stopping of the cell cycle by inhibiting cyclin/Cdk complexes. (byui.edu)
  • Biochemical studies have shown that the cyclin-dependent kinase p34 cdc2 can phosphorylate the myosin light chain protein LC20 on two residues, inhibiting myosin activity. (silverchair.com)
  • In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, we determined that during purvalanol-mediated ER stress, autophagic machinery was also activated prior to apoptotic cell death finalization. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Τheir impact on the apoptotic cell death mechanism requires further elucidation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)
  • Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
  • We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
  • Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
  • We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
  • These results indicate that limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies before secondary necrosis, leading to acute and localized release of immunomodulatory proteins during the early phase of active apoptotic membrane blebbing. (nature.com)
  • 10 9 apoptotic events occurring per day in human adult tissues, it is surprisingly difficult to histologically detect apoptotic cells due to the rapid recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. (nature.com)
  • In addition to maintenance of membrane integrity, apoptotic cells can be discriminated from viable counterparts based on several morphological hallmarks, including cell contraction, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and actomyosin contraction-dependent membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. (nature.com)
  • Rat primary astrocytes were isolated from different brain regions (cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) and grown in vitro to demonstrate the utilization of live-cell analysis for monitoring and comparing the diversity of cultured astroglia phenotypes. (news-medical.net)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
  • PURPOSE: This study aims to settle the above questions by using in vivo (pSmad3C+/- and Nrf2-/- mice) and in vitro (plasmid- or lentivirus- transfected HepG2 cells) models of HCC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)
  • MAPs have been studied extensively in vitro, but genetic studies on these proteins in living cells have been done primarily in yeast, whose mitotic machinery differs from that of higher eukaryotes. (silverchair.com)
  • An uncertainty factor of 3 for animal to human extrapolation because in vitro data show that human red blood cells are much less sensitive to the hemolytic effects of the 2-BUTOXYETHANOL metabolite, 2-butoxyacetic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Identification1 manifestation is definitely one of the guidelines that influence metastasis of breast malignancy cells to lung14. (ecolowood.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification of proteins and protein trafficking in eukaryotes ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mechanism, which is based on the synthesis and degradation of three ''master regulator'' proteins (CtrA, GcrA, and DnaA), is converted into a quantitative model, in order to study the temporal dynamics of these and other cell cycle proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Studies have suggested that synthesis of both p53 and its ΔN-p53 isoform is regulated during cell cycle and also stress and cell-type specific manner. (iisc.ac.in)
  • One of the important mechanisms used for protein synthesis during these conditions is internal initiation. (iisc.ac.in)
  • To determine the significance of the increased expression of PP2A in response to CSF-1, the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) was added to CSF-1-treated BMM and found to inhibit DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. (edu.au)
  • We demonstrated that visfatin significantly increased DNA and collagen synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, however, is the fact that 17AAG and MEK1/2 inhibitors interact to destroy pancreatic carcinoma cells. (cret-signal.com)
  • The Raf MEKl/2 ERKl/2 pathway exerts cytoprotective actions in a wide assortment of transformed cell sorts which has bring about the improvement of various pharmacologic inhibitors from the pathway, including inhibitors of Ras farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, the multikinase and Raf inhibitor Sorafenib plus the MEK1/2 inhibitors PD184352, PD0325901 and AZD6244. (cret-signal.com)
  • More potent MEK1/2 inhibitors with superior pharmacokinetic traits are now undergoing clinical evaluation and encouragingly our current research demonstrated that AZD6244 and 17AAG had been competent to interact in the synergistic trend to destroy tumor cells through an extrinsic pathway dependent mechanism. (cret-signal.com)
  • Besides, 12% of patients have second- or third-degree skin reactions that are sensitive to light, and about 18% of patients develop cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma or occurred at the same time [ 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
  • Loss of gp78 likely leads to accumulation of substrate proteins, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of HCC. (grantome.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • An choice approach utilized is certainly the make use of of a neon substrate for an enzyme, like aldehyde dehydrogenase1, which provides given a brand-new dimension to stem cell therapy and research. (ecolowood.com)
  • report using video microscopy to show that microtubules repeatedly target substrate contact sites in migrating cells and link the frequency of microtubule targeting to the turnover of contact sites. (silverchair.com)
  • determined that contact turnover in spreading and moving cells is retarded in the absence of microtubules, and that the retraction of cell edges during cell motility follows the repetitive targeting of peripheral substrate contacts. (silverchair.com)
  • While the team is now working to determine the specific signals governing substrate contact sites, J. Victor Small, corresponding author, suggests that microtubules may have a similar role in other cellular processes: "We think that microtubule motors might indeed be transporting other signals, either by reversibly binding protein complexes or through the local delivery of vesicles bearing signaling molecules. (silverchair.com)
  • However, the proteins needed for transcriptional control have been reported to be immunogenic and there is often a substantial leakage in the systems (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
  • The map shows where proteins are expressed throughout the human body, providing new insights into regulation, secretome, metabolism, and human diseases. (ddw-online.com)
  • A Data-Driven, Mathematical Model of Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulation. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • To develop a data-driven model of cell cycle regulation, we used contiguous, dynamic measurements over two time scales (minutes and hours) calculated from static multiparametric cytometry data. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PSA has been proposed to function in a variety of processes, including metabolism of neuropeptidase, regulation of the cell cycle, and hydrolysis of proteasomal products to amino acids. (genetex.com)
  • Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
  • Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
  • Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Importantly, a precise temporal description of RPRM protein expression during the development of neuronal structures is still missing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, zebrafish is very well-suited for systematic analysis of gene expression patterns at transcript level by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH), and at protein level by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (IHC/IF). (frontiersin.org)
  • It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
  • Materials and Methods: PrP c expression was suppressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by utilizing small-interfering RNA (si-PRNP), and cells were subsequently used to study the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of fucoidan treatment of HT29 human colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Last year, scientists at Stanford generated a global map of protein expression to help explain the basis of many genetic diseases. (ddw-online.com)
  • Likewise, expression of a tetracycline-regulated wild-type p53 cDNA in p53-null fibroblasts caused a reduction in 53BP2 protein levels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • After the cell is born a protein molecule is synthesized by gene expression for the very first time de novo . (stackexchange.com)
  • This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Both Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed the increased expression of one of the cDNA species identified as coding for the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an observation not previously reported during the response to a growth factor. (edu.au)
  • cnd-1 expression was first detected in neuroblasts of the AB lineage in 14 cell embryos and maintained in many neuronal descendants of the AB lineage during embryogenesis, diminishing in most terminally differentiated neurons prior to hatching. (biologists.com)
  • There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
  • 2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)
  • Efforts have therefore, designed a study to compare the expression of green ¯uor- been made to develop systems based on different drugs or hormones escent protein (GFP) and GDNF under the control of the hGFAP including tetracycline, rapamycine and progestrone (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • 2013) describe how the motor protein kinesin-4 and the microtubule-associated protein PRC1 work together to mark microtubule ends for incorporation into the midzone in a length-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • have isolated a new microtubule-associated protein involved in mitotic spindle formation. (silverchair.com)
  • The protein p16INK4a is a potent cell cycle inhibitor and is a relatively selective CDK inhibitor. (foxchase.org)
  • The Inhibitor of DNA binding 3 ( ID3 ) is a member of the ID protein family, consisting of four members ( ID1 to ID4 ). (nature.com)
  • Even further scientific studies might be necessary to find out definitively no matter whether HBV contaminated hepatoma isolates are far more sensitive towards the 17AAG and MEK1/2 inhibitor drug mixture than people lacking pifithrin a transforming HBV proteins. (cret-signal.com)
  • The analysis of these results, in terms of a statistical-mechanical model that incorporates polymer flexibility as well as the excluded volume of the protein, shows that the dramatic enhancement of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor self-association can be quantitatively rationalized in terms of hard repulsive interactions. (lu.se)
  • Addition of inert macromolecules to a protein solution quantitatively the self-association of bovine pancreatic shifts equilibria toward the more compact state because this trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) (Gottschalk et al. (lu.se)
  • To address the physiologic significance of 53BP2 induction, we utilized stable cell lines with a ponasterone A-regulated 53BP2 cDNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of real-time, live-cell analysis provides new possibilities and cell biology workflows. (news-medical.net)
  • Taking advantage of this functional program in developing biology, it provides been shown that heterogeneity in pluripotent cells rely on cell routine levels10 mainly. (ecolowood.com)
  • Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of cells with distinguishing functional and morphological characteristics and are specialized to their different brain regions and locations. (news-medical.net)
  • This article discusses how a combination of live-cell analysis methods deliver the required flexibility to allow these highly dynamic astrocytic models to be characterized, via quantification of their growth, motility, morphology, and functional analysis. (news-medical.net)
  • Thus there is usually inadequacy in the methods available in fractionating cells based on their differential manifestation of internal molecules like transcription factors, nuclear chaperones and other signaling intermediates that displays functional heterogeneity. (ecolowood.com)
  • Functional ELISA analysis of GTX00222-pro Human NPEPPS protein which can bind immobilized PDIA3 protein. (genetex.com)
  • These structural proteins may also be required to facilitate entry to and exit from the host cell, as well as packaging the genome and the necessary functional proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • While the level of p53 protein is maintained low in unstressed conditions, there is a rapid increase in the functional p53 protein levels during stress conditions. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Purvalanol is a purine-derived CDKI that binds with a high selectivity and competitively to the ATP binding side of CDK1/2 and leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • Fifteen micromoles of purvalanol induced a reduction in cell viability by 20 and 35% within 24 and 48 h, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was executed for determination of effects of piperine on breast cancer cell viability. (ijpsonline.com)
  • MTS reduction assay was carried out to measure the viability of human endometrial cancer cells (Hec 1A and Ishikawa) and normal endometrial cells (T-HESCs) in response to I3C and/or genistein treatment. (dsmc.or.kr)
  • Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells. (ecolowood.com)
  • LCH significantly inhibited cell viability and colony growth in both Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells. (biomolther.org)
  • The encoded protein is differentially phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Protein half-lives range from less than 30 min (e.g., oxidoreductases) to more than 200 hr (e.g., some nucleic-acid binding proteins) and up to, at least, 2000 hr [Rahman & Sadygov, 2017, PLoS One 12(7): e0180428]. (stackexchange.com)
  • The Incucyte ® Live-Cell Analysis System delivers flexible kinetic quantification of biological phenotypes to monitor growth, motility, morphology, and cellular function. (news-medical.net)
  • Temporal monitoring of brain region astroglia revealed differences in cell growth and morphology. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Importantely, co-treatment with 50 μmol/L I3C and 50 μmol/L genisten blocked 90% cell growth. (dsmc.or.kr)
  • Acceptance of metastatic potential of a subpopulation of growth cells over-expressing Identity1 in a principal growth test. (ecolowood.com)
  • The Rb protein monitors cell size because its activity is link to the cell growth. (byui.edu)
  • We found that LCH decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT kinase activities and related activating signaling proteins including pEGFR and pAKT. (biomolther.org)
  • Taken together LCH inhibits the growth of Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells by targeting EGFR and AKT, and inducing ROS generation and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. (biomolther.org)
  • Loss of function mutations in bimA cause cells to arrest growth with condensed chromatin and a short, metaphaselike mitotic spindle. (rupress.org)
  • The cells responsible for the bone growth in the growth plates are called chondrocytes (Figure 1) (1). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
  • Perivascular adipose tissue-derived visfatin is a vascular smooth muscle cell growth factor: role of nicotinamide mononucleotide. (thieme-connect.com)
  • External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)
  • Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • T cells are an important immune cell type, like a SWAT team that can recognize tumor cells and pump them full of enzymes that chew up the tumor from the inside out. (utexas.edu)
  • Cell migration as well as cell invasive ability of MCF-7 cells was reduced to minimum by the application of piperine in dose dependent-manner. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The binding activity of PSA and PDIA3 was in a dose dependent manner. (genetex.com)
  • This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
  • Cell migration and invasion was monitored by transwell chambers assay. (ijpsonline.com)
  • From the location of its generation (combination or recombination, see below) the protein travels to its final destination, e.g. as an ion channel in the cell membrane. (stackexchange.com)
  • Do you possibly know typical life times of ion channels (membrane proteins)? (stackexchange.com)
  • Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)
  • Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Bortezomib increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and pemetrexed in a concentration-dependent manner when administered prior to either. (mesothelioma-line.com)
  • The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
  • This phosphorylation occurs in the active site of the plexin GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain, which in turn inhibits endogenous GAP activity toward Ras/Rap family small GTP-binding proteins by recruiting the phospho-serine/threonine-binding protein 14-3-3ε. (stanford.edu)
  • begingroup$ One missing aspect (for Eukaryotes) is that step 5 is actively promoted by tagging with ubiquitin ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin ). (stackexchange.com)
  • p53 is an important mediator of the cellular stress response with roles in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This suggests that UV damage activates cellular factors that can relieve the p53-mediated suppression of 53BP2 protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The protein has been localized to both the cytoplasm and to cellular membranes. (genetex.com)
  • Muse flow cytometric analysis was performed for assessing of different cell cycle phases. (ijpsonline.com)
  • This details can drastically improve come cell therapy offered we have a reagent to isolate live Tnf cells at different cell cycle phases. (ecolowood.com)
  • Cd at 20 microM markedly increased cells in G2/M and hypodiploid sub-G1 phases of the cell cycle suggesting cycle arrest and cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • The number, diversity, and complexity of astroglia cells have increased significantly with evolution, and research from several groups implies that gender differences exist. (news-medical.net)
  • In many cases structural proteins are also involved in replication and integration of the viral genome. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This group applies the techniques of electron-cryomicroscopy and image analysis to the study of viruses and viral proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. (proteopedia.org)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • The Msps protein localizes to mitotic spindles and centrosomal regions in a cell cycle-dependent manner. (silverchair.com)
  • To gain insight into the role of gp78 in suppressing HCC, we have initiated a proteomic analysis for liver proteins that are degraded in a gp78- dependent manner. (grantome.com)
  • Apoptosis increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in 3 of 4 MPM cell lines. (mesothelioma-line.com)
  • Bortezomib stabilized or increased protein levels of p21/WAF1 and IAP-1 and to a lesser degree p27/KIP1, IAP-2, XIAP, and survivin. (mesothelioma-line.com)
  • Astrocytes are specialized glial cells ubiquitously distributed throughout the spinal cord and brain. (news-medical.net)
  • glial precursor cell population. (who.int)