AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesNamed GroupsHealth Care
Parotid DiseasesSalivary Gland DiseasesParotid GlandUltrasonography, PrenatalDacryocystitisSebaceous Gland DiseasesSweat Gland DiseasesParotid NeoplasmsUltrasonographyCranial FontanellesFetal DiseasesSubmandibular Gland DiseasesLacrimal ApparatusPregnancySialadenitisMikulicz' DiseaseEyelid DiseasesMeibomian GlandsSensitivity and SpecificitySjogren's SyndromeGestational AgePregnancy Trimester, SecondInfant, NewbornUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorPregnancy Trimester, FirstAutoimmune DiseasesSalivary GlandsPregnancy OutcomeAdrenal Gland DiseasesImmunoglobulin GRetrospective StudiesProspective StudiesSubmandibular Gland
Major and minor salivScintigraphySubmandibular glandsMinor salivary glandsSalivary gland biopsy findingsBiopsyExocrine glandsSublingualBilateralClinical manifestationsSerumExtraglandularDuctEnlargementXerostomiaSialadenitisLymphoidRheumatoid arthritisRelatively rareSuperficialConnective-tissueSevereChronic inflammatorySecretoryPlasmaSymptomsSignificantlyExaminationsNeckClassification criteriaCommonlyCommonMassCase reportHardCells
Major and minor saliv1
Scintigraphy1
  • however, salivary flow rates and salivary gland scintigraphy parameters, as measured in the parotid and submandibular glands, were not significantly different from their prestimulation values. (medscape.com)
Submandibular glands3
  • PET/CT examination showed that besides the submandibular glands, the parotid gland, common bile duct, the transitional part of the left renal pelvis and ureter, retroperitoneum in the lower abdomen, and multiple lymph nodes were also involved. (bvsalud.org)
  • The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-RD, and after treatment with glucocorticoid, the enlargement of submandibular glands and decreased olfactory function improved. (bvsalud.org)
  • Involvement of the submandibular glands is also known as Küttner's tumor, named after Hermann Küttner (1870-1932), a German Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, who reported four cases of submandibular gland lesions for the first time in 1896. (wikipedia.org)
Minor salivary glands2
  • The image below shows erythema of the labial mucosa with enlargement of the minor salivary glands and superficial mucoceles. (medscape.com)
  • The minor salivary glands are scattered along the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lips, mucosa of the oral cavity, pharynx, and hard palate. (medscape.com)
Salivary gland biopsy findings1
  • [ 1 , 7 ] Lymphocytic infiltration in the glandular lobules is the characteristic abnormality in lacrimal or salivary gland biopsy findings. (medscape.com)
Biopsy2
  • The biopsy of the submandibular gland indicated salivary gland tissue and hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and lymphoid tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] These criteria allow a diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome in patients without sicca symptoms or who have not undergone a biopsy. (medscape.com)
Exocrine glands4
  • Sjögren syndrome, which is rare in pediatric patients, is a slowly progressive inflammatory disorder that involves the exocrine glands. (medscape.com)
  • Sjogren's Syndrome Treatment/Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder caused by the lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands resulting in glandular dysfunction, preferentially of the salivary and lacrimal glands [ rx] . (rxharun.com)
  • FLS is a lesion of exocrine glands. (rxharun.com)
  • Also, exocrine glands outside the head and neck may be involved resulting in skin, tracheobronchial and vaginal dryness as well as lung and kidney dysfunction. (rxharun.com)
Sublingual2
  • However, salivary tumors show a great deal of morphological diversity, as well as variations in the nature of the lesion (malignant vs. benign): approximately 20% to 25% of parotid tumors, 35% to 40% of submandibular tumors, and more than 90% of sublingual gland tumors are malignant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The submandibular gland, along with the parotid and sublingual glands, comprise the major salivary glands. (medscape.com)
Bilateral1
Clinical manifestations2
  • It can involve multiple systems and organs with complex clinical manifestations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, it is crucial for physicians of various specialties to be informed about current aspects of clinical manifestations of the disease, the revised classification criteria, and current treatment options. (rxharun.com)
Serum3
  • The serum IgG4 level was increased. (bvsalud.org)
  • M protein was found in the patient's serum by immunofixation electrophoresis, and plasma cell diseases were excluded by bone marrow puncture. (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of abundant Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) associated with Plasma cells infiltrating into the salivary glands, as well as increased serum IgG4 concentration, has been noted with patients with Küttner's tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Extraglandular3
  • Extraglandular manifestations may mimic these other autoimmune disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The systemic and extraglandular features of Sjögren syndrome define the choice and extent of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy, clinical course and disease outcome. (medscape.com)
  • Rituximab has shown promise in the treatment of severe extraglandular manifestations (eg, vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia, peripheral neuropathy). (medscape.com)
Duct2
  • Several factors have been postulated: Formation of a hard salivary calculus or sialolith by accumulation of calcium salts in the duct of the salivary gland (a process known as Sialolithiasis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The duct of the submandibular gland, also known as the Wharton duct, exits the gland from the deep lobe, passing through the floor of the mouth, and opening in close proximity to the lingual frenulum. (medscape.com)
Enlargement2
  • She exhibits both parotid and submandibular gland enlargement and chapped lips. (medscape.com)
  • Most individuals with Sjögren syndrome present with sicca symptoms, such as xerophthalmia (dry eyes), xerostomia (dry mouth), and parotid gland enlargement, which is seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
Xerostomia2
  • Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) occurs in the absence of other autoimmune diseases and is characterized by keratoconjunctiva sicca (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth), collectively called the sicca syndrome. (rxharun.com)
  • Assessment of genes involved in Sjögren's sydrome related xerostomia. (150.254.179)
Sialadenitis6
Lymphoid1
  • Immune, especially autoimmune, cause - which has gained steam, given the observation that the tissue of the glands is overrun with lymphoid immune cells and fibrous connective tissue, as well as corroboration from markedly similar lesions (with histologic and immunohistochemical findings) seen elsewhere in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Rheumatoid arthritis2
  • In contrast, secondary Sjogren's syndrome presents along with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [ rx] . (rxharun.com)
  • Primary Sjögren syndrome occurs in the absence of another underlying rheumatic disorder, whereas secondary Sjögren syndrome is associated with another underlying rheumatic disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or scleroderma. (medscape.com)
Relatively rare2
  • INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a relatively rare immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease with fibrosis newly defined in recent years. (bvsalud.org)
  • Relatively rare in occurrence, this condition is benign, but presents as hard, indurated and enlarged masses that are clinically indistinguishable from salivary gland neoplasms or tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Superficial2
  • The gland itself can be arbitrarily divided into superficial and deep lobes based on its relationship to the mylohyoid muscle, the former lying superficial to the muscle, and the latter wrapping around the posterior aspect of the muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The gland itself lies on the hyoglossus muscle, superficial to both the hypoglossal and the lingual nerves, the latter supplying parasympathetic innervation by way of the chorda tympani nerve (from cranial nerve VII) and the submandibular ganglion. (medscape.com)
Connective-tissue1
  • Secondary Sjögren syndrome is diagnosed when, in the presence of a connective-tissue disease, symptoms of oral or ocular dryness exist in addition to criterion 3, 4, or 5, above. (medscape.com)
Severe3
  • Overlapping symptoms consistent with SLE include neuropsychiatric manifestations, nephritis, and severe Raynaud phenomenon. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] Severe systemic manifestations may also develop without overt features of other autoimmune disorders. (medscape.com)
  • With more severe disease the foci may become confluent. (rxharun.com)
Chronic inflammatory1
  • Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown origin, attacking, in particular, the tear and salivary glands. (rxharun.com)
Secretory2
  • Atrophy and loss of acini (groups of secretory cells found in the salivary glands). (wikipedia.org)
  • The fluid component of the saliva is derived from the perfusing blood vessels in proximity to the gland, while the macromolecular composition is derived from secretory granules within the acinar cells. (medscape.com)
Plasma1
  • Immunohistochemical examination showed a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms1
  • Sicca symptoms are the hallmarks of the disease which may also present with various organ manifestations. (rxharun.com)
Significantly2
  • Given the difficulties of a definitive pre-operative diagnosis, the clinical entity of Küttner's tumor has so far remained significantly under-reported and under-recognized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients must be monitored carefully for the potential development of lymphoma, as the risk for this disease is significantly higher than in the general population. (medscape.com)
Examinations2
  • After 14 weeks of treatment, the serological examinations, PET/CT, and ultrasound re-examination results showed significant improvement. (bvsalud.org)
  • In recent times, armed with a better understanding of the occurrences and observable features of this condition, surgeons are increasingly depending upon pre-operative ultrasonography along with Fine-needle aspiration cytological (FNAC) examinations to make an accurate presumptive diagnosis, and according to one estimate, about 44% of patients undergoing submandibular resection are found to have this condition. (wikipedia.org)
Neck1
  • however, salivary gland malignancies account for 3-5% of all head and neck cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Classification criteria1
  • A number of classification criteria for Sjögren syndrome were designed primarily for clinical research studies but are also often used to help guide clinical diagnoses. (medscape.com)
Commonly1
  • The American-European Consensus Group's criteria for the classification of Sjögren syndrome were proposed in 2002 and are the most commonly used criteria for the diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome. (medscape.com)
Common1
  • This has been proposed as the most common cause for Küttner's tumor of the submandibular gland, with sialoliths observed in an appreciable proportion of cases. (wikipedia.org)
Mass1
  • It is only upon post-surgical histopathology of the excised mass that the diagnosis of Küttner's tumor is definitively made. (wikipedia.org)
Case report1
  • CONCLUSION: This case report aims to raise awareness of IgG4-RD and explore the value of PET/CT in the diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
Hard1
  • Eventual periductal and interlobular (inside the gland) sclerosis (replacement of regular tissue with hard connective tissue). (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
  • The infiltrating mononuclear cells, humoral factors such as antibodies and cytokines, or both are hypothesized to cause exocrine gland dysfunction resulting in diminished tear production by the lacrimal glands and diminished saliva production by salivary glands. (rxharun.com)