• [1] They also cannot co-occur with any manic or hypomanic episodes. (mentalhealth.com)
  • Those symptoms are the same as those described in major depressive disorder or "clinical depression ," a condition in which someone never has manic or hypomanic episodes. (webmd.com)
  • These episodes tend to last longer, recur more often, and are associated with a worse prognosis than the manic/hypomanic episodes. (biospace.com)
  • This is a major affective or mood disorder characterized by manic or hypomanic episodes. (highlandhosp.com)
  • At least one manic episode must occur for a person to be diagnosed with bipolar I. Before and after the manic episode, you could undergo major depression spells or hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than manic episodes. (infoaging.org)
  • Heritability is probably 40-50%, and might be higher for severe depression. (stanford.edu)
  • Bipolar I disorder patients suffer from at least one manic episode and one depressive episode and these mood swings can be severe enough to create difficulties in school, at work and in relationships. (livescience.com)
  • Individuals experience at least one hypomanic episode, which is less severe than full-blown mania, and at least one major depressive episode. (livescience.com)
  • Bipolar disorder is characterized by swift mood changes which range from mania or severe highs and depression or lows. (dual-diagnosis.net)
  • Most understood van Gogh to have suffered severe depression. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • Bipolar disorder , also known as manic depression , is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep , energy, thinking, and behavior. (webmd.com)
  • With this type, you have extreme erratic behavior, with manic "up" periods that last at least a week or are so severe that you need medical care. (webmd.com)
  • This colorless state of being is exactly what happens to some victims of melancholic depression, one of the most severe mood disorders. (healthyplace.com)
  • But the vast majority, even those with the most severe depression, can get better with treatment. (scrangie.com)
  • Psychotic depression , which occurs when a severe depressive illness is accompanied by some form of psychosis, such as a break with reality, hallucinations, and delusions. (scrangie.com)
  • symptom severity: depression involves more severe symptoms, such as psychosis and suicidality. (camh.ca)
  • The bereavement exclusion criterion for depression has been removed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) because grief, like reactions to other severe losses and stressors, can coexist with depression or precipitate it (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). (camh.ca)
  • Although everyone gets sad from time to time, depression is a severe problem with moods so sad that the person has troubles functioning, and may have various physical symptoms such as problems with sleep, appetite, and energy. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • Medications are generally used only when other treatments have not been successful or when the depression is so severe that other treatments are impossible. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • Feeling grief or being unresponsive due to a severe tragedy in a person's life isn't depression. (preparednesspro.com)
  • People who are bipolar swing between extreme highs (also known as mania or being manic) and severe lows (depression. (edgefoundation.org)
  • Depression with symptoms of psychosis , which is a severe form of depression where a person experiences psychosis symptoms, such as delusions (disturbing, false fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that others do not see or hear). (nih.gov)
  • People with bipolar I have had at least one manic episode, which may be very severe and require hospital care. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Any person with depression, schizophrenia, severe anxiety, bipolar disorder or any other mental illness should be free to deal with their issues as openly as persons suffering from cardiovascular disease, diabetes or any other chronic illness or condition," wrote McGrath. (voicemagazine.org)
  • Bipolar Disorder In bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive disorder), episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania (or a less severe form of mania called hypomania). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A person might also be diagnosed with either mania or hypomania, or a condition referred to as, 'Manic-Depressive Illness. (disabled-world.com)
  • For these people, periods of depression typically last longer than periods of hypomania, with minor effects to daily routines, according to the Mayo Clinic . (livescience.com)
  • Bipolar disorder (previously known as manic depression) is a diagnostic category describing a class of mood disorders where the person experiences states or episodes of depression and/or mania, hypomania, and/or mixed states. (t-vox.org)
  • These disorders are characterized by recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania interspersed with episodes of major depression known as Bipolar depression. (biospace.com)
  • People with bipolar II normally have a major depressive episode that lasts at least two weeks along with hypomania , a mania that is mild to moderate and does not normally require hospital care. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Individuals with cyclothymia exhibit some symptoms of hypomania and depression but not enough to identify a bout of hypomania or depression. (infoaging.org)
  • Always evaluate patients with mania, hypomania, or mixed episode, and those with bipolar depression, for suicidality, acute or chronic psychosis, or other unstable or dangerous conditions. (medscape.com)
  • The main symptoms are episodes of feeling elation and excitement of varying degrees (intense [mania] and less intense [hypomania]) that alternate with episodes of depression, which may occur more often. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A disorder characterized by two or more episodes in which the patient's mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed, this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (hypomania or mania) and on others of a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression). (who.int)
  • Many people with schizophrenia also experience depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • 1 The episode is considered MDD if it is not attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance or not better explained by another medical condition (such as schizophrenia) and a manic episode or a hypomanic episode has never been observed. (psychiatrist.com)
  • 11% had major depressive disorder and 2% schizophrenia. (who.int)
  • Les données ont été recueillies lors d'entrevues individuelles à l'aide de la version en langue farsi du questionnaire Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia . (who.int)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this of the authors using the Farsi version of the systematic review indicated that is the first study in Asia and the Islamic the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Dis- the rate of psychotic illness, manic Republic of Iran that investigated the orders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) episodes, major depression, attention prevalence of psychiatric disorders [11]. (who.int)
  • It is important to realize that while this definition is true in the most general sense, there are many different types of depression recognized by mental health care professionals, and all of them differ in terms of specific symptoms and causes. (spiritual-healing-secrets.com)
  • This month we'll be looking at the types of depression. (edgefoundation.org)
  • The National Institute for Mental Health outlines three types of depression each come with their own variation of symptoms, severity and persistence. (edgefoundation.org)
  • Are There Different Types of Depression? (newfoundlife.com)
  • What are the different types of depression? (nih.gov)
  • In the depressive phase, the symptoms are the same as with other types of depression: feelings of worthlessness, changes in sleep patterns and appetite, loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed, decreased sex drive, loss of energy, avoiding other people, difficulty with concentration and thoughts of death. (voicemagazine.org)
  • Your doctor might also refer you to a therapist or suggest techniques you can use for managing your depression, such as taking antidepressants or getting more exercise. (newfoundlife.com)
  • But many common disorders like depression, diabetes and high blood pressure are also influenced by genes. (stanford.edu)
  • Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are the two "major mood disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • Bipolar disorder is divided into several subtypes by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the mental health guidebook published by the American Psychiatry Association, based on severity of manic symptoms. (livescience.com)
  • These markers can be used not only to assist the development of new treatment compounds, but also for a personalized approach to treat patients with depression and related disorders by individual dose titration with an active medication, which targets this system. (karger.com)
  • Clinical depression" is a term often used to refer to one or more types of serious depressive disorders that may occur with or without the presence of a specific stressor. (nami.org)
  • Here, a leading psychiatrist eloquently recounts two real-life tales of mania and depression--and shows how these disorders are indeed moods apart from our everyday experience. (healthyplace.com)
  • Depressive disorders do not exhibit manic or hypomanic components characteristic of bipolar disease. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Depression shares many symptoms with other psychiatric disorders and mental health problems. (camh.ca)
  • Adjustment disorders have a subsyndromal number and severity of symptoms compared with depression. (camh.ca)
  • Most people with bipolar disorders spend significantly more time experiencing major depressive episodes than hypomanic or manic episodes. (camh.ca)
  • Like all mental health disorders, depression is not your fault, and it can happen to anyone. (newfoundlife.com)
  • Depression may occur with other mental disorders and other illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and chronic pain. (nih.gov)
  • Antidepressant monotherapy should probably NOT be utilized for patients with mixed depression of any type (unipolar, BP II, or BP I), given persisting doubts about the relative efficacy of standard antidepressants in treating bipolar disorders and their potential to destabilize mood. (medscape.com)
  • Children and adolescents presenting with major depression should be screened and monitored for any (hypo)manic symptoms, suicidality, and family history of mood disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Taylor's fascination with psychology grew out of her own family's experience with mental illness: her father was diagnosed as manic depressive , and in high school, she herself was diagnosed with bipolar disorder , though she was not medicated. (youdao.com)
  • There are different forms of Manic-Depressive Illness. (disabled-world.com)
  • Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. (dual-diagnosis.net)
  • Family history, previous diagnosis of a mood disorder, trauma, stress or major life changes in the case of depression, physical illness or use of certain medications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depression is a multisystem disease, one we would consider dangerous to health even if we lacked the concept ''mental illness. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • People with depression or mental illness may have thoughts about suicide. (drugs.com)
  • This lack of feeling is most frequently present in melancholia, which lies on a continuum with depression, extending the illness to its most disabling and frightening form. (healthyplace.com)
  • Depression is a common but serious illness, and most who experience it need treatment to get better. (scrangie.com)
  • 3) Depression which occurs in the context of a medical illness or alcohol and substance abuse. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Most who are familiar with manic depression are so because they know someone with this dreadful illness. (usf.edu)
  • Depression is an illness that can take multiple forms. (newfoundlife.com)
  • Is Depression a Mental Illness? (pc-mobile.net)
  • Depression is a mental illness that affects millions of people around the world. (pc-mobile.net)
  • This article will explore the nature of depression as a mental illness, debunk myths and misconceptions, provide guidance on identifying and seeking help, and discuss the importance of breaking the stigma surrounding mental health issues. (pc-mobile.net)
  • Depression is a mental illness characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in activities that one typically enjoys. (pc-mobile.net)
  • Depression is not a real illness. (pc-mobile.net)
  • The reality is that depression is a real and serious illness that requires proper treatment. (pc-mobile.net)
  • Depression is a common illness, affecting millions of people globally. (pc-mobile.net)
  • Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (formerly called manic depression or manic-depressive illness) also experience depression. (nih.gov)
  • Depression is by far the most pervasive feature of the illness. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Each year, I speak to the first-year law students in my class about depression and mental illness - and the need to seek help. (jonathanturley.org)
  • You should know that having depression or another mental illness greatly increases the risk that you will become suicidal. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In contrast to typical major depression, the depressive episodes of bipolar disorder often occur acutely, can take place over a few weeks and without significant precipitating factors. (livescience.com)
  • A disabling episode of depression may occur only once but usually occurs several times in a lifetime. (dual-diagnosis.net)
  • 3. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed when both manic episodes and depressive episodes alternatively occur. (differencebetween.net)
  • An episode of major depression may occur only once in a person's lifetime, but more often, it recurs throughout a person's life. (scrangie.com)
  • Variability in heart rate due to reduced autonomic parasympathetic (cholinergic) tone appears may occur with depression. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • The symptoms of mania and depression often occur together in "mixed" episodes. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. (bvsalud.org)
  • We can also look at adoption studies, to see whether an adopted person's risk of depression is greater if a biological parent had depression. (stanford.edu)
  • Depression is defined as a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. (disabled-world.com)
  • In order for a diagnosis of depression to be made, these signs need to be present throughout most of the person's day on either a daily, or nearly daily basis for at least two weeks. (disabled-world.com)
  • A diagnosis of major depression does not evoke much response, either a stigmatizing or supportive, from a person's social network, a study indicated. (livescience.com)
  • Major depressive disorder , also called major depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. (scrangie.com)
  • There is no single cause of depression, and every person's depression may result from a combination of different things. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • At least 10% of people in the U.S. will experience major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. (stanford.edu)
  • But the siblings and children of people with this form of depression probably develop it at a rate that is 4 or 5 times greater than the average person. (stanford.edu)
  • We don't yet know how many genes are involved in depression, but it is very doubtful that any one gene causes depression in any large number of people. (stanford.edu)
  • Most people who suffer from depression do not have episodes of mania. (stanford.edu)
  • Most people who experience mania also have major depression. (stanford.edu)
  • Most people with major depression do not have close relatives with bipolar disorder, but the relatives of people with bipolar disorder are at increased risk of both major depression and bipolar disorder. (stanford.edu)
  • During a manic episode people may become easily distracted, talk very fast, take on an unrealistic number of new projects, have an unrealistic and grandiose belief in their abilities and engage in risky behaviors, such as gambling, drug abuse, or high-risk sexual activities, Krakower said. (livescience.com)
  • It's important to note that people are more likely to seek help during depressive episodes, when they appear to be suffering from major depressive disorder. (livescience.com)
  • People suffering from bipolar disorder will have periods or episodes of depression - where they feel very low and lethargic mania - where they feel high and overactive. (monsenso.com)
  • Some years ago, people have difficulty discerning between Major Depression and Manic Depression. (differencebetween.net)
  • Obviously depressed people often gain weight, but overweight people aren't more prone to depression. (differencebetween.net)
  • Most people with bipolar disorder spend more time with depressive symptoms than manic or hypomanic symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • Some young people may have increased suicidal thoughts when first starting a medicine to treat depression. (drugs.com)
  • In just the past three years, I've witnessed people become more and more aware of the serious nature of depression, the problems it can cause, and how to help those who suffer from it. (scrangie.com)
  • Hopefully by raising awareness about the true nature depression, people will understand it better and become more supportive instead of viewing depressed people negatively. (scrangie.com)
  • And the reality is 264 million people worldwide live with depression. (greatist.com)
  • In fact, some people with depression don't fully comprehend their symptoms until after they feel better . (greatist.com)
  • Family history of depression: if other people in the family have had troubles with depression, it may make someone at higher risk. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • It's responding naturally to life--although some people do have a physiological change in their chemical make-up in response to such an instance and succumb to depression as a result. (preparednesspro.com)
  • Another misconception that I really wish people understood for their own benefit is that depression is NOT triggered by the actions of someone else or a particular experience. (preparednesspro.com)
  • The first installment revealed that people with ADHD have a higher incidence of depression than the general population and urged all teens and young adults to be screened for depression as part of their annual physicals. (edgefoundation.org)
  • In the manic cycle, people often may be overactive, extremely talkative and exhibit poor judgment. (edgefoundation.org)
  • Many people have heard of manic depression or bipolar disorder, but in reality they probably are unfamiliar with what it actually is. (usf.edu)
  • One pervasive misconception surrounding depression is that it only happens to fragile people who only feel low because they aren't tough enough to shake it off. (newfoundlife.com)
  • People with this form of depression experience symptoms most of the day, every day. (newfoundlife.com)
  • People who suspect they might have depression can make an appointment with their general practitioner. (newfoundlife.com)
  • Fortunately, proper treatment of depression is effective for most people, allowing those affected to live a brighter and happier life. (highlandhosp.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, more than 264 million people suffer from depression worldwide, and it is a leading cause of disability. (pc-mobile.net)
  • People experiencing depression should seek help from a mental health professional as it is a condition that requires medical attention. (pc-mobile.net)
  • People with depression are weak or lazy. (pc-mobile.net)
  • Research from 2011 suggests that people with depression with mixed features may be more likely to have trouble with racing thoughts than people with major depressive disorder (MDD) . (psychcentral.com)
  • Depression can affect people differently, depending on their age. (nih.gov)
  • You can move us toward a world where people are not afraid to ask for help and where families can stay united as they face life with depression or bipolar disorder. (familyaware.org)
  • One interesting finding was that seven percent of people who had not completed high school suffered major depression as compared to four percent of high school graduates. (jonathanturley.org)
  • Depression affects 121 million people worldwide, women twice as much as men, and is among the leading causes of disability. (voicemagazine.org)
  • About 7% of people are affected with depression annually, and there is somewhere around a 17% lifetime risk to perhaps as high as 1 in every 5 people. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Most people have either dealt with depression themselves or have family members or friends who've struggled with depression. (medscape.com)
  • Bipolar I disorder is defined by the occurrence of mania, and yet 90% of people with this condition will experience depression. (medscape.com)
  • Major depression and situational depression are both mental health conditions characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities. (mentalhealth.com)
  • reported affect: the predominant affect in grief is feelings of emptiness and loss, whereas in depression, it is depressed mood that is pervasive and persistent. (camh.ca)
  • course and duration of symptoms: dysphoria in grief decreases in intensity over days or weeks and fluctuates in pangs of grief, whereas depressed mood in depression is more persistent. (camh.ca)
  • Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by periods of manic and depressive episodes, interspersed with relatively normal states of mind. (livescience.com)
  • They may cycle between periods of depression and mania. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Depression without periods of mania is sometimes referred to as unipolar depression because the mood remains at the bottom "pole" and does not climb to the higher, manic "pole" as in bipolar disorder. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type involves periods of manic and depressive behavior that last at least 2 years in adults or 1 year in children and teens. (webmd.com)
  • Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by periods of deep, prolonged, and profound depression that alternate with periods of an excessively elevated or irritable mood known as mania. (medscape.com)
  • In bipolar disorder, periods of intense elation and excitation (mania) alternate with periods of depression and despair. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Seasonal depression usually hits in the fall/winter time and is diagnosed if the individual has recurrent episodes, at least two times where they fall into depression and come out of it at the same time. (dual-diagnosis.net)
  • Seasonal affective disorder is a form of depression brought on by changing seasons. (newfoundlife.com)
  • There are several types of antidepressant medications that a physician may prescribe to treat depression. (disabled-world.com)
  • Antidepressant medications can also be used to treat diseases that have depression as a component of them, such as Bipolar disorder. (disabled-world.com)
  • Abilify is used with antidepressant medication to treat major depressive disorder in adults. (drugs.com)
  • When a patient with a history of manic episodes requires an antidepressant because of a serious depression, the doctor needs to be very careful, prescribing a low dose and closely monitoring the patient for any signs of a mood shift toward the mixed or manic side of the spectrum. (t-vox.org)
  • Not all patients with depression (as part of bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) should be prescribed an antidepressant. (medscape.com)
  • Antidepressant Treatment and Manic Switch in Bipolar I Disorder: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Study. (cdc.gov)
  • Primary care providers routinely diagnose and treat depression and refer individuals to mental health professionals, such as psychologists or psychiatrists. (nih.gov)
  • Children, teenagers, and young adults who take antidepressants to treat depression or other mental illnesses may be more likely to become suicidal than children, teenagers, and young adults who do not take antidepressants to treat these conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Treatment may include mood-stabilizing medications to treat mania, antidepressants to treat depression, and psychotherapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Medications for Treatment of Depression Several types of medications can be used to treat depression: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, serotonin modulators, and serotonin-norepinephrine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If approved, CAPLYTA has the potential to treat the broadest range of patients with bipolar depression. (biospace.com)
  • and 2) as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) in adults. (biospace.com)
  • Two positive Phase 3 global placebo-controlled bipolar depression studies, Study 402 and Study 404, form the basis of the sNDAs. (biospace.com)
  • We believe CAPLYTA has the potential to be an important option for patients in the treatment of bipolar depression. (biospace.com)
  • We look forward to bringing CAPLYTA to market, if approved, for the treatment of bipolar depression. (biospace.com)
  • Bipolar depression is the most common clinical presentation of bipolar disorder. (biospace.com)
  • Bipolar depression remains a significantly underserved medical need, with only a few FDA-approved treatment options available. (biospace.com)
  • Persons with Bipolar II disorder are currently believed to have experienced a minimum of one major depression and one hypomanic episode. (disabled-world.com)
  • Persons with Bipolar I disorder are currently believed to have experienced at least one manic episode, yet may or may not have experienced a major depression. (disabled-world.com)
  • The average duration of the first manic episode is about three months. (livescience.com)
  • After a single episode, Major Depressive Disorder (single episode) would be diagnosed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals with a major depressive episode or major depressive disorder are at increased risk for suicide . (wikipedia.org)
  • Depression appears to be progressive -- the longer the episode, the greater the anatomical disorder. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • Conversely, when an individual accomplishes a major achievement they may have their first manic episode. (t-vox.org)
  • A major depressive episode can happen just once. (edgefoundation.org)
  • In the depressed part of the cycle the person exhibits some or all of the symptoms of a major depressive episode listed above. (edgefoundation.org)
  • During a manic episode , your thoughts may seem to go 100 miles per hour. (psychcentral.com)
  • A major depressive episode may or may not accompany bipolar I, but does accompany bipolar II. (psychologytoday.com)
  • But while an episode of mania is what distinguishes bipolar disorder from depression, a person may spend far more time in a depressed state than in a manic or hypomanic one. (psychologytoday.com)
  • All patients who receive antidepressants for a major depressive episode (MDE) should be monitored for signs of abnormal behavioral activation or psychomotor acceleration. (medscape.com)
  • In the U.S. alone, 1 in 5 adults experiences an episode of depression in their lifetime. (familyaware.org)
  • Bipolar disorder often begins in adolescence or early adulthood with the first manic or depressed episode. (infoaging.org)
  • bipolar disorder, single manic episode (F30. (who.int)
  • Abilify is also used alone or with a mood stabilizer medicine to treat bipolar I disorder (manic depression) in adults and children at least 10 years old. (drugs.com)
  • Despite the form of treatment a doctor prescribes to treat the form of depression a person has, there are no immediate solutions. (disabled-world.com)
  • Just as there is considerable variability in manic symptoms, there is great variability in the degree and duration of depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The use of antidepressants in MDE patients with mixed features may not alleviate depressive symptoms and may pose a potential hazard for exacerbating subthreshold mania symptoms that accompany depression. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, an increase in the plasma concentration of cortisol in patients with melancholic depression has consistently been reported. (karger.com)
  • Melancholic depression is characterized by a loss of pleasure ( anhedonia ) in most or all activities, a failure of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli , a quality of depressed mood more pronounced than that of grief or loss, a worsening of symptoms in the morning hours, early-morning waking, psychomotor retardation , excessive weight loss (not to be confused with anorexia nervosa ), or excessive guilt. (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction to depression including common causes of feeling depressed, medications available and treatment options. (disabled-world.com)
  • Depression may be associated with many classes of medications , including anticholesterolemic agents, antiarrhythmics, and antihypertensive drugs. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • However, today there are dozens of medications available to help treat manic depression. (usf.edu)
  • Sometimes medications taken for these illnesses cause side effects that contribute to depression symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Certain medications and some medical conditions, such as viruses or a thyroid disorder, can cause the same depression symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • When faced with very stressful, major life events, many individuals have their first major depression. (t-vox.org)
  • As with nearly all psychiatric or psychological phenomena, the etiology of bipolar disorder is thought to include a complex interplay between genetic vulnerability and environmental events (stressful life events, major achievements, difficult relationships with family and/or significant others, drug use and other physical and social phenomena). (t-vox.org)