Mammalian less oxygen consumption. Medical search. Frequent questions

The effects of manipulating COX4 subunit expression on COX activity, ATP production, O(2) consumption, and reactive oxygen species generation indicate that the COX4 subunit switch is a homeostatic response that optimizes the efficiency of respiration at different O(2) concentrations. (nih.gov)
While factors such as nitric oxide modulate HPV, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to act as essential mediators in HPV. (ersjournals.com)
In contrast, N-acetylcysteine, but not rotenone, inhibited hypoxia-induced Hormad1 expression, indicating its dependency on nonmitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. (bvsalud.org)
In general, increased oxygen concentrations promote higher leakage of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and H 2 O 2 ) from the respiratory chain affecting metalloenzymes and DNA that in turn cause impaired growth and elevated mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
But when oxygen concentration surpasses the air saturation level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O 2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), accumulate as byproducts of aerobic metabolism [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2012). Neuroinflammatory processes in the brain are believed to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Zheng et al. (lww.com)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)

ROS may originate from mitochondria and/or NADPH oxidases but the exact oxygen sensing mechanisms, as well as the question of whether increased or decreased ROS cause HPV, are under debate. (ersjournals.com)
They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
Mammalian mitochondria contain multiple small genomes. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
The MiToxView platform on mouse liver mitochondria allows identification of compounds inducing direct mitochondrial damages by assessing global membrane permeabilisation (swelling), transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, cytochrome c release and oxygen consumption through respiratory chain complex I and complex II. (toxys.com)
found that when this variant form of ATP5G1 was introduced into the cells of mice, their mitochondria was better at coping with stress conditions, such as low oxygen, low temperature and poisoning. (elifesciences.org)

BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are currently in clinical trials. (ox.ac.uk)
LW1564 also significantly decreased overall ATP levels by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I and downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio, which increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. (biomed.news)

They redefined mammalian hibernation as a specialized, seasonal reduction in metabolism concurrent with scarce food and cold weather (Watts et al. (bear.org)
1981. Mammalian hibernation and the oxygen consumption of a denning black bear. (bear.org)
During hibernation body temperature is only a few degrees above 0 o C, oxygen consumption holds at 1/30 to 1/50 of the aroused condition and heart rate can be as low as 3-10 beats/minute, compared to 300-400 beats/minute when the animal is active. (unl.edu)
One such animal is the Arctic ground squirrel, an extreme hibernator that can drop its body temperatures to below 0°C. This hibernation ability means the cells of Arctic ground squirrels can survive severe shortages of blood and oxygen. (elifesciences.org)

ToxTracker is a mammalian stem cell-based GFP reporter assay that discriminates between induction of DNA damage, oxidative stress, protein damage and general cytotoxicity. (toxys.com)
The response of bacteria, yeast, and mammalian and insects cells to oxidative stress is a topic that has been studied for many years. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in most the reported studies, the oxidative stress was caused by challenging the organisms with H 2 O 2 and redox-cycling drugs, but not by subjecting the cells to high concentrations of molecular oxygen. (biomedcentral.com)
To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)

Here we demonstrate that in mammalian cells, expression of the COX4-1 and COX4-2 isoforms is O(2) regulated. (nih.gov)
Thus, mammalian cells respond to hypoxia by altering COX subunit composition, as previously observed in yeast, but by a completely different molecular mechanism. (nih.gov)
However, consideration of the very high energy demands of the photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina suggests that rather than being a challenge to teleology the curious inverted design of the vertebrate retina may in fact represent a unique solution to the problem of providing the highly active photoreceptor cells of higher vertebrates with copious quantities of oxygen and nutrients. (arn.org)
The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
1.2.3 In spite of this knowledge, the majority of in vitro studies culture and study cells at ambient oxygen - ignoring the oxygen gradient between the atmosphere and the medium and between the medium and the intracellular cell environment. (bmglabtech.com)
The MitoXpress Intra nanoparticle probe is taken up by cells during an overnight loading period and responds in real-time to any changes in intracellular oxygen concentration in both 2D cultures as well as a wide range of 3D systems, including Matrigel, RAFT™, microtissues, Alvetex ® , Mimetix ®, and other scaffolds. (bmglabtech.com)
In the speciﬁc example shown here (Fig. 1) for cells cultured under ambient oxygen, the intracellular [O 2 ] measured using MitoXpress Intra was found to be ~14% for metabolically inactive cells and ~7% for metabolically active cell types. (bmglabtech.com)
As the real oxygen concentration experienced by cells in culture is a function of environmental O 2 concentration, cell metabolism, and seeding density, MitoXpress Intra provides the ideal tool to intelligently modulate these parameters to achieve a desired and speciﬁc intra-cellular oxygen concentration. (bmglabtech.com)
Seahorse Metabolic Analyzers service for rapid and quantitative measurement of cellular bioenergetics: Seahorse XF Analyzers measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of live cells in a multi-well plate to interrogate key cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. (weizmann.ac.il)
Large Scale Mammalian Cells and Cell clusters expansion plant: GE Wave bioreactor systems with single-use up to 25L capacity bags for suspension cells culture or microcarrier-based adherent cells culture. (weizmann.ac.il)
Oxygen is the body's fuel, needed for all tissues and cells to function, like the gasoline to run an engine, and Co2 is the waste product of this engine, the "exhaust fumes" that remain. (yasemindalkilic.com)
This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer. (researchgate.net)
The Er1 F/− EV cargo is taken up by recipient cells leading to an increase in insulin-independent glucose transporter levels, enhanced cellular glucose uptake, higher cellular oxygen consumption rate and greater tolerance to glucose challenge in mice. (nature.com)
To counteract DNA damage, mammalian cells have evolved partially overlapping DNA repair systems to remove DNA lesions and restore their DNA back to its native form 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
This contraction releases additional red blood cells into her circulation, further optimising oxygen-carrying capacity. (inigoinsurance.com)
The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
Human SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups includes control group (control), model group (oxygen and sugar deprivation) and experimental group (oxygen and sugar deprivation+trehalose). (ijpsonline.com)
Trehalose can reduce the damage of SH-SY5Y cells caused by oxygen and sugar deprivation. (ijpsonline.com)
Inhibition of mTOR by the immunosuppressant sirolimus (rapamycin) has been shown to decrease cellular mitochondrial oxygen consumption (cellular respiration) in Jurkat cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: Whole cell, mitochondrial, coupled and uncoupled oxygen consumption were measured in cancer cells after inhibition of PI3K (Class I) and mTOR by pharmacological means or by RNAi. (ox.ac.uk)
In this review we summarize available information about the effect of elevated oxygen concentrations on the physiology of microorganisms and cells at various culture conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
This review described the factors that affect growth properties and metabolism at elevated oxygen concentrations that cells may be exposed to, in bioreactor sparged with oxygen enriched air which could affect the yield and quality of the recombinant proteins produced by high cell density schemes. (biomedcentral.com)
With the routine utilization of high density growth of microorganisms and mammalian cells for production of various biologicals, the use of oxygen-enriched air has become a common strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
The growth-inhibitory effect of hyperbaric oxygen was partially reduced by the addition of yeast extract to the culture medium and it was later established that 10 specific amino acids, niacin, and thiamin were necessary to maintain the cells growth capability at the elevated oxygen concentrations [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the effect of H2S on HIF-1 activity under hypoxic conditions is largely unknown in mammalian cells. (starrlifesciences.com)
In mammalian cells, the NADH generated earlier in the glycolytic pathway by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is used to reduce the pyruvic acid to lactic acid, but in trypanosomes, this NADH is indirectly oxidized using molecular oxygen to generate water, and the pyruvic acid is excreted. (peertechzpublications.com)
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. (libertynatural.com)
There are three subunit isozymes of PFK in mammalian cells: muscle (M), liver (L), and platelet (P or C). Active PFK exists as a tetramer, and the composition of subunits differs according to the tissue type. (medscape.com)
Free reactive oxygen radicals cause damage of mammalian cells by oxidizing fatty acids, protein and DNA. (bvsalud.org)

Our results identify a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 from a mammalian hibernator that critically contributes to intrinsic cytoprotection against metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)

For connecting spiroergometry to cell metabolism, the volume of oxygen gas, V O 2 (g) [mL], has to be converted into an amount of dissolved oxygen, n O 2 (aq) [µmol]. (mitoglobal.org)
On the other hand, hypothermia may be protective in the brain tissue during oxygen deficiency [20] , since brain metabolism and thus oxygen consumption decreases along with the temperature. (scirp.org)
The purpose of this review is to summarize the known information on the physiological response of organisms exposed to high molecular oxygen concentrations, especially the effect on growth, metabolism, enzyme activity, protein oxidation, and gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
In the late 1960s, it was reported that oxygen concentrations above 100% air saturation cause inhibition of metabolism and respiration in microorganisms [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As illustrated in recent publications, the level of available oxygen in the cell signiﬁcantly inﬂuences cell physiology, signal transduction, and cellular response to drug treatment. (bmglabtech.com)

Cellular respiration can reduce the levels of intracellular oxygen concentration, creating a local oxygen gradient. (bmglabtech.com)
Measurements of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production rate revealed that LW1564 suppressed mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing the intracellular oxygen concentration to stimulate HIF-1α degradation. (biomed.news)

MtFAS is an essential pathway in mammalian skeletal myoblasts but does not contribute to synthesis of major cellular lipids. (elifesciences.org)
To facilitate the quantiﬁcation of cellular oxygenation Agilent Technologies has developed the MitoXpress Intra - Intracellular Oxygen Assay kit, based on a proprietary O 2 -sensitive cell-penetrating nanoparticle probe. (bmglabtech.com)
The ToxTracker assay is a mammalian stem cell-based assay that detects activation of specific cellular signalling pathways as the result of biological reactivity of the tested compounds. (toxys.com)
Results: The H2S donors sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide in pharmacological concentrations reversibly reduced cellular O2 consumption and inhibited hypoxia- but not anoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and expression of genes downstream of HIF-1 in established cell lines. (starrlifesciences.com)

VO2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. (wikipedia.org)
Maximal oxygen consumption reflects cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance capacity in exercise performance. (wikipedia.org)
Individual variation in locomotor behavior and maximal oxygen consumption in mice. (springer.com)

Luseogliflozin suppressed the oxygen consumption rate in HRPTECs, and subsequently decreased hypoxia-sensitive dye, pimonidazole staining under hypoxia, suggesting that luseogliflozin promoted the degradation of HIF-1α protein by redistribution of intracellular oxygen. (bvsalud.org)
Together, luseogliflozin inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation by suppressing mitochondrial oxygen consumption. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation of O2 consumption by the PI3K and mTOR pathways contributes to tumor hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway substantially reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is known to respond to intracellular reduced oxygen (O2) availability, which is regulated by an elaborate balance between O2 supply and demand. (starrlifesciences.com)

Although HPV was described decades ago, the underlying oxygen sensing and signal transduction mechanisms remain obscure. (ersjournals.com)

The mammalian dive reflex is a physiological reaction we all possess. (inigoinsurance.com)

Most aerobic and microaerophilic organisms have developed protective responses to tolerate environmental oxygen concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

Maximum oxygen consumption , V O 2 max , is and index of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by spiroergometry on human and animal organisms capable of controlled physical exercise performance on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. (mitoglobal.org)

RESULTS: Inhibition of PI3K and mTOR reduced oxygen consumption by cancer cell lines is predominantly due to reduction of mitochondrial respiration coupled to ATP production. (ox.ac.uk)

The capacity of the lung to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide is constrained by the rate of blood oxygen transport to active tissue. (wikipedia.org)
In general clinical and athletic testing, this usually involves a graded exercise test in which exercise intensity is progressively increased while measuring: ventilation and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration of the inhaled and exhaled air. (wikipedia.org)
Most commonly, it will be the result of a brain reaction to the balance of the 2 most important gases in our body: oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (Co2). (yasemindalkilic.com)

This study investigated in vitro effects of several molecularly-targeted therapies on O 2 consumption in thymic fragments from C57BL/6 mice. (biomedcentral.com)

They showed that growth and respiration of E. coli grown in minimal salts medium was rapidly but reversibly inhibited by oxygen at partial pressures above 1 atm. (biomedcentral.com)

So far, all of the different manifestations that form the mammalian diving reflex have been observed in human beings, proving that this fantastic capacity lays dormant in all of us. (yasemindalkilic.com)
Bradycardia is the most common of all the manifestations of the mammalian diving reflex. (yasemindalkilic.com)
The most amazing, and profound in meaning of all the adaptations associated with the Mammalian Diving Reflex, the blood shift is truly what saves a mammals life during deep dives. (yasemindalkilic.com)

A few years later, the labs of O.R. Brown and I. Fridovich investigated the toxic effect of hyperbaric oxygen on Escherichia coli B and K-12 strains, Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis , Bacillus subtilis , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by exposing the cultures to 1, 4.2 and 20 atm pressure of O 2 [ 10 - 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The irradiation resulted in lower levels of mtDNA (i.e. lower mtDNA copy number per cell) lower levels of ATP lower levels of oxygen consumption and dose-responsive inhibition of larval development (39 40 The mRNA levels for mtDNA-encoded proteins were initially lower than in unexposed nematodes but later rebounded (40). (biodiversityhotspot.org)

Documented occurrence in the United States is now largely limited to sporadic cases or small clusters related to consumption of home-processed meats from noncommercial farm-raised pigs and wild game. (medscape.com)

A similar measure is VO2 peak (peak oxygen consumption), which is the measurable value from a session of physical exercise, be it incremental or otherwise. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian photoreceptor is capable of generating a measurable electrical response to a single photon of light--the minimal bundle of light energy. (arn.org)

where Q is the cardiac output of the heart, CaO2 is the arterial oxygen content, and CvO2 is the venous oxygen content. (wikipedia.org)
3 The oxygen consumption of the mammalian retina (per gram of tissue) is nearly 50% greater than that of the kidney, three times greater than the cerebral cortex and six times that of cardiac muscle. (arn.org)

Mammalian Species (145): 1-7. (654.pl)

The method is validated in wild-type and knockout mammalian cell lines and in model organisms. (biomed.news)
Yet, the damaging effect of molecular oxygen on the cell behavior has not been fully studied. (biomedcentral.com)

These molecules are toxic to the organisms since they are more reactive than molecular oxygen [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies concerning changes in the composition of the culture media after incubation with Trypanosoma brucei trypomastigotes revealed a highly disproportionate consumption of the amino acid threonine. (peertechzpublications.com)

Based on their observations, the authors concluded that aconitase is one of the enzymes that is affected by molecular oxygen. (biomedcentral.com)

This reduction in heart rate helps her conserve oxygen and allows her body to maintain a steady supply of blood to vital organs. (inigoinsurance.com)

4 Moreover, because most of the metabolic activity of the retina is concentrated in the photoreceptor layer 5 --comprising less than half of the total mass of the retina--it is clear that the oxygen demands (per gram of tissue) of the photoreceptors are comparatively greater than such whole retinal estimates imply. (arn.org)

The water temperature is so cold, around 2°C, that the divers use a rebreathing system as part of their oxygen tanks. (inigoinsurance.com)
This equipment ensures the oxygen they breathe is at body temperature. (inigoinsurance.com)
However, the actual volume of air ventilated is different, taking into account the fraction of oxygen in humid air at the actual temperature, versus the volume of oxygen gas at STPD . (mitoglobal.org)

This blood will be used to irrigate more important organs which require a steady supply of oxygen such as the brain. (yasemindalkilic.com)

higher levels of glucose in the presence of oxygen with an associated increase in lacta te production. (researchgate.net)
When in the bloodstream of a mammalian host, the Long Slender (LS) trypomastigote forms rely almost entirely upon the aerobic glycolysis of bloodstream glucose for their energy [2]. (peertechzpublications.com)

Hypothermia would promote surgical infection and delay wound healing, most likely due to decreased subcutaneous oxygen tension [17] , and impaired immune function. (scirp.org)

Bong cannabis consumption appears to be responsible for specific side effects (especially hemoptysis), possibly related to the importance of inhalation of products of combustion of cannabis and combustion of plastic parts used in its manufacture. (who.int)

These changes aim to reduce her oxygen consumption and redirect blood flow to essential organs, such as the heart and brain. (inigoinsurance.com)
This redistribution of blood helps to maintain the blood pressure and oxygen supply to her essential organs. (inigoinsurance.com)

Depletion of ICAP2 leads to aberrant mitochondrial morphology, decreased oxygen consumption, and disassembly of the complex, consistent with its role as an essential component of the Toxoplasma ATP synthase. (biorxiv.org)

If normalized per body mass of the individual object, M [kg.x -1 ], mass specific maximum oxygen consumption, V O 2 max/ M , is expressed in units [mL.min -1 .kg -1 ]. (mitoglobal.org)

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