The midbrain is the most rostral region of the mammalian brainstem , caudally adjoining the pons and rostrally adjoining the diencephalon. (fact-index.com)
substantia nigra , ventral tegmental area, part of the red nucleus, the dorsal and ventral raphe nuclei, the midbrain reticular formation, and the superior colliculus. (fact-index.com)
The mammalian auditory midbrain, shown above, is part of the ascending auditory pathway, responsible for relaying sensory signals from the ear into the primary auditory cortex deep in the brain. (nih.gov)
The superior colliculus (SC) is a sensorimotor structure in the midbrain that integrates input from multiple sensory modalities to initiate motor commands. (bvsalud.org)
We use two interrelated neural models to do this: one in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) and one in association cortex. (wakehealth.edu)
Retina3
In the study described here we evaluated the effects of the commonly used OP-pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) on axonal transport in the brains of living rats using manganese (Mn 2+ )-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) of the optic nerve (ON) projections from the retina to the superior colliculus (SC). (elsevierpure.com)
The mammalian retina has long been a model system for study of development of neural circuits in the CNS because the adult network is well organized into cell-type specific layers, and the anatomy, physiology and function of many of the retinal cell types is well characterized. (org.es)
Técnicas diagnósticas de imagen en enfermedades de la retina. (biocrucesbizkaia.org)
Cajal's microscopy studies led him to believe that the lateral leminiscus (A) received input from the cochlear and superior olivary nuclei, and carried some of it to the inferior colliculus (B), which integrated the signals necessary for auditory reflexes, while the bulk of the information was sent directly to the medial geniculate body (C), which then relayed the information on to the auditory cortex via the thalamo-cortical path (e). (nih.gov)
Modern studies have shown, however, that the inferior colliculus actually processes nearly all the input sent to the medial geniculate body and receives signals from the descending auditory pathway, as well as providing the motor integration necessary for auditory reflexes hypothesized by Cajal, making it a true hub for auditory signaling. (nih.gov)
Cerebral cortex1
In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the superior colliculus to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. (wikipedia.org)
Optic nerve3
Fox and his team examined how a specific subtype of optic nerve cells - ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells - finds its way to the superior colliculus during brain development. (medindia.net)
One protein, emitted by a type of excitatory neuron in the superior colliculus, lures the optic nerve cell closer like a molecular homing beacon. (medindia.net)
As expected, intravitreal injection of colchicine (2.5μg) produced a robust decrease in transport of Mn 2+ along the optic nerve (ON) and to the superior colliculus (SC) (as indicated by the reduced MEMRI contrast). (elsevierpure.com)
Thalamus2
They are overlapped by the pulvinar of the thalamus, and a medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus is situated lateral to either superior colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) is a branch that extends laterally from the superior colliculus, and, passing to the thalamus between the pulvinar and the medial geniculate nuclei, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate nucleus, and partly into the optic tract. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons2
The researchers used a virus to identify which types of neurons the retinal ganglion cells made connections with once inside the superior colliculus. (medindia.net)
We talked about studying how these neurons project to the colliculus back in 2013, and we've since worked on numerous grant-funded projects together," Fox said. (medindia.net)
Auditory2
Developmental plasticity in the visual and auditory representations in the mammalian superior colliculus. (uni-bielefeld.de)
He discovered that the mammalian brain contains a spatial map of the auditory world and showed that its development is shaped by both auditory and visual experience. (ox.ac.uk)
Brain9
Nestled deep in the middle of the vertebrate brain is a multi-sensory integration and movement control center called the superior colliculus. (medindia.net)
These growing cells eventually branch off to shape thousands of intricate connections in precise brain regions, including the superior colliculus. (medindia.net)
Though it's present in all mammalian species, in humans this brain region takes up less relative volume and is thought to play a role in stabilizing our image of a moving world by controlling head, neck, and eye movements. (medindia.net)
The BICCN, one subset of the BRAIN Initiative, specifically focuses on creating brain atlases that describe the full plethora of cells-as characterized by many different techniques-in mammalian brains. (neurosciencenews.com)
3. Stuhmer W, Ruppersberg JP, Schroter KH, Sakmann B, Stocker M, Giese KP, Perschke A, Baumann A, and Pongs O (1989) Molecular basis of functional diversity of voltage-gated potassium channels in mammalian brain. (aspetjournals.org)
Despite having studied mainly mathematics, physics and engineering, Daniel became interested in the innerworkings of the mammalian brain and decided to undertake a PhD in experimental neurosciences in Leuven (Belgium). (cam.ac.uk)
In particular, he studied the superior colliculus, a conserved brain area responsible for extracting ethologically relevant sensory information from the surroundings and guide orienting movements (de Malmazet, 2018 and 2023). (cam.ac.uk)
These results indicate that repeated exposures to a commonly used pesticide, CPF can result in persistent alterations in axonal transport in the living mammalian brain. (elsevierpure.com)
The study's central question, therefore, was to explore whether the adult mammalian brain still possesses the ability to reorganize its visual pathway and change even after the critical developmental period has passed. (scitechdaily.com)
Lateral1
Our results show that the alteration of spontaneous activity in RGCs affects axon refinement in the image-forming nuclei such as the lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus, supporting previous publications. (umh.es)
Signals2
Daniel's current work entails understanding the inhibitory network underlying motor control and dissecting the parallel channels encoding prey capture, sensory and cognitive signals in the superior colliculus. (cam.ac.uk)
What typed as a present parole with 2 mammalian signals quickly was into a 10-person surface. (ludwigsburger-grundbesitz.de)
Spatial2
Here, exploiting a known dichotomy between the primary visual cortex (V1) and superior colliculus (SC) in representing either the upper or lower visual fields, we asked whether peri-saccadic orientation identification performance is dominated by one or the other spatial anisotropy. (bvsalud.org)
The tectum/superior colliculus as the vertebrate solution for spatial sensory integration and action. (ki.se)
Mammals3
The superior colliculus is a layered structure, with a pattern that is similar to all mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature, using the term "superior colliculus" when discussing mammals and "optic tectum" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general. (wikipedia.org)
The approach taken in this article is to follow the literature by using the term "superior colliculus" when discussing mammals, and "optic tectum" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Neural3
Consistent with this, peri-saccadic superior colliculus visual neural responses in two male rhesus macaque monkeys were also significantly stronger in the upper visual field than in the lower visual field. (bvsalud.org)
Consistent with this, monkey superior colliculus visual neural responses to peri-saccadic stimuli follow a similar pattern. (bvsalud.org)
I am currently studying the response and recovery after neural injury in the optic tectum (a region analogous to the mammalian superior colliculus) of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. (anthropogeny.org)
Prey2
In non-mammalian species the optic tectum is involved in many responses including swimming in fish, flying in birds, tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs, and fang-strikes in snakes. (wikipedia.org)
When the beacon molecule - called nephronectin - is absent, a visual layer of the superior colliculus doesn't form properly, and the mice have trouble hunting prey. (medindia.net)
Adult1
The Mouse Adult Gross Anatomy Ontology and Mammalian Phenotype Ontology are downloaded weekly from the Mouse Genome Informatics databases at Jackson Laboratories (ftp://ftp.informatics.jax.org/pub/reports/index.html). (mcw.edu)
Researchers1
Researchers have shows the post rhinal cortex obtains visual data from the superior colliculus and is not dependent upon information from primary visual cortex. (neurosciencenews.com)
Species2
In other species, the superior colliculus is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats. (wikipedia.org)
The microstructure of the superior colliculus and of the optic tectum, varies across species. (wikipedia.org)
Orientation2
Intriguingly, some recent studies reported the presence of orientation and direction columns in the mouse superficial superior colliculus (sSC), while others reported a lack of columnar organization therein. (bvsalud.org)
Retinal origin of orientation but not direction selective maps in the superior colliculus. (cam.ac.uk)
Visual system1
The formation of the mammalian visual system is a complex process that takes place in several phases and includes neurogenesis, axon guidance, axonal refinement and circuit assembly. (umh.es)
Mouse2
The mouse superior colliculus has been studied extensively for more than 60 years. (medindia.net)
2018). Retinotopic Separation of Nasal and Temporal Motion Selectivity in the Mouse Superior Colliculus. (cam.ac.uk)
In non-mammalian vertebrates, the homologous structure is known as the optic tectum, or optic lobe. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The superior colliculus is associated with a nearby structure called the parabigeminal nucleus, often referred to as its satellite. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The superior colliculus is a synaptic layered structure. (wikipedia.org)
Primary2
For example, the superior colliculus (SC) both responds to visual stimulation, like the primary visual cortex (V1), and controls oculomotor behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Compared with the primary visual cortex, the superior colliculus exhibits an opposite pattern of upper/lower visual field anisotropy, being more sensitive to the upper visual field. (bvsalud.org)
Study1
A new study challenges 75 year old dogma of mammalian vision. (neurosciencenews.com)