• The human genome encodes approximately 25,000 genes but there are significantly more proteins produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apelin gene encodes a pre-proprotein of 77 amino acids, with a signal peptide in the N-terminal region. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • Using potato virus X (PVX) based transient expression assays, we showed that one of the candidate effectors, i. e. contig 8 that encodes a cerato-platanin (CP) domain containing protein, unlike CP proteins from other fungal pathogens was unable to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The AMBP [A1M (alpha1-microglobulin)/bikunin precursor] gene encodes two plasma glycoproteins: A1M, an immunosuppressive lipocalin, and bikunin, a member of plasma serine proteinase inhibitor family with prototypical Kunitz-type domain. (betalifesci.com)
  • Here, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD in four independent families caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function pathogenic variants in TMEM53 , which encodes a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. (nature.com)
  • The human EBI3 gene encodes a 229 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 20 aa signal peptide and 209 aa mature protein. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The human p28 gene encodes a 243 aa precursor that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and 215 aa mature region. (creativebiomart.net)
  • C: The genomic structure of the human preproapelin gene as found in the human PAC 454M7 clone (GenBank accession no. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The full-length cDNA sequence of a novel expressed sequence tag (GenBank accession No. HQ184338) that was differentially expressed during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in chickens was cloned from the chicken spleen by a rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay. (geneticsmr.com)
  • In addition, the paper will review different techniques of single-cell genomic expression at the level of DNA, mRNA, protein and post-translational modifications. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • The genomic organization of the human genes that encode protein prenyltransferases is shown in Figure 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Searches against the human genomic sequence and comparative genomic analysis of human and mouse genomes was carried out using basic local alignment search tools (BLAST), BLASTN, and BLASTX, for identifying protein coding genes corresponding to the ESTs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • Recent advances in functional genomics allow us to estimate the expression of several thousands of genes in the mammalian genome. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • This gene has no protein-coding homolog in any other genome but its presence is supported by evidence from expression and hybridization data. (ubc.ca)
  • As whole genome sequences became available, again with the pioneering work of Frederick Sanger, the term bioinformatics was re-discovered to refer to the creation of databases such as GenBank in 1982. (ind.in)
  • Here, we review the arrival of genetic screens in malaria parasites to analyse parasite gene function at a genome-scale and their impact on understanding parasite biology. (portlandpress.com)
  • We were able to definitively map 43 of the 60 ESTs to known or novel genes, and 15 of the ESTs could be localized in close proximity to a gene in the human genome although we were unable to establish that the EST was indeed derived from those genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To prevent companies and governments from stealing genes, invading genetic privacy and undermining human rights and dignity, we urgently need a Genetic Bill of Rights and a Global Ethics Council, Mae-Wan Ho warns of the fall-outs from the human genome project. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • First, Tim Graubert and colleagues describe the whole-genome sequencing of an MDS-derived secondary AML tumor and a matched normal (skin) sample. (massgenomics.org)
  • Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, drug design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions, genome-wide association studies, and the modeling of evolution. (limswiki.org)
  • Chimeric RNA, sometimes referred to as a fusion transcript, is composed of exons from two or more different genes that have the potential to encode novel proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • After DNA is transcribed into RNA, the molecule is known as pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) and it consists of exons and introns that can be split apart and rearranged in many different ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, exons are considered the coding sequence and introns are considered the "junk" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The exons of these 25,000 genes can be spliced in many different ways to create countless combinations of RNA transcripts and ultimately countless proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normally, exons from the same pre-mRNA transcript are spliced together. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, occasionally gene products or pre-mRNA transcripts are spliced together so that exons from different transcripts are mixed together in a fusion product known as chimeric RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chimeric RNA often incorporates exons from highly expressed genes, but the chimeric transcript itself is usually expressed at low levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the first studies to investigate the generation of chimeric RNA examined the fusion of the first three exons of a gene known as JAZF1 to the last 15 exons of a gene known as JJAZ1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleotide positions of PAC 454M7 defining preproapelin gene exons (boxes) are shown at the top. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The chromosomal locations and number of exons from protein prenyltransferase genes in the major eukaryotic model organisms are shown in Table 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The only general conclusion that can be drawn from these analyses, however, is that alternative splicing affects genes of nearly every functional class by modifying gene structure in every conceivable way, such as using mutually exclusive exons or alternative donor sites. (berkeley.edu)
  • The authors undertook systematic sequencing of U2AF1 exons in 150 MDS cases, and found that 8.7% had mutations at Ser34. (massgenomics.org)
  • The gene encoding Sec31B is located on chromosome 10q24 and contains 29 exons. (biologists.com)
  • PCR analysis of exon utilization reveals massive alternative mRNA splicing of Sec31B, with just 16 exons being constitutively utilized in all transcripts. (biologists.com)
  • We identified 719 unique ESTs from a total of 1412 sequences so generated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With reference to insect immunity, the ESTs have been obtained from baculovirus-infected B. mori cultured cells and pupae, but no large scale information on bacteria-induced immune genes is as yet available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From the two cDNA-libraries 24,000 ESTs were collected and a total of 2200 unigenes have been sequenced and annotated ( www.marinegenomics.org ). (vin.com)
  • It has been estimated that ~100,000 expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) can be identified in humans. (wikidoc.org)
  • Automatic comparisons of data from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with genes (for example using the program Acembly, for which the results are available from the NCBI AceView server [ 2 ]) shows that all the human protein prenyltransferase genes have multiple alternative splice variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most microarray experiments, a significant fraction of the differentially expressed mRNAs identified correspond to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and are generally discarded from further analyses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The GeneExpress® software system Fold Change Analysis Tool was used and 60 ESTs were identified that were expressed at levels at least 3-fold greater in the pancreatic cancers as compared to normal tissues. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Nearly 39% of the ESTs were predicted to encode proteins of fungal origin and among these, 162 ESTs were predicted to contain N-terminal signal peptides (SPs) in their deduced open reading frames (ORFs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ∼30 Mb genomes of the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria each encode ∼5000 genes, but the functions of the majority remain unknown. (portlandpress.com)
  • Eleven candidate effector genes were identified based on features common to characterized fungal effectors, i.e. they encode small, soluble (lack of transmembrane domain), cysteine-rich proteins with a putative SP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One-third of the 471 genes predicted to encode transcription factors are differentially expressed during sexual development of S. commune . (nature.com)
  • These nucleic acid polymers encode for the all of the materials an organism needs to live in the form of genes. (wikibooks.org)
  • A third of the transcriptome showed similarity with previously characterized immune-related genes that included both the known and putative immune genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the four putative novel defence proteins (DFPs) annotated by PSI-BLAST three showed similarity to extracellular matrix proteins from vertebrates implicated in innate immunity, while the fourth was similar to, yet distinct from, the anti-microbial protein cecropin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study has identified many potential immune-related genes in A. mylitta some of which are vertebrate homologues and others are hitherto unreported putative defence proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • analyzed an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of the model legume M. truncatula and determined and characterized putative gene products or tentative consensus sequences (TCs) specifically expressed in root nodules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The amino acid sequence of Hda1p was used to search the Gen-Bank/expressed sequence tag databases to identify partial sequences from three putative class II human HDAC proteins. (psu.edu)
  • As described in Materials and Methods, we constructed a cDNA library from fat body tissues of E. coli - challenged A. mylitta larvae and randomly sequenced a large number of inserts from the library. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, it means that human testis could also play a crucial role in human speciation if these two tissues exhibit similar gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
  • Determining the large scale anatomy of gene expression patterns of various human tissues could draw a more convincing conclusion, and better our understanding of the correlation/inter-correlation among different tissues. (karger.com)
  • Among the 17 tissues, the highest similarity in gene expression patterns was between human brain and testis, based on DDD and clustering analysis. (karger.com)
  • Bortoluzzi S, Alessi FD, Romualdi C, Danieli GA: Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in different human tissues. (karger.com)
  • ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
  • These class II HDAC proteins have differential mRNA expression in human tissues and possess in vitro HDAC activity that is inhibited by trichostatin A. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that these HDAC proteins are not components of the previously identified HDAC1 and HDAC2 NRD and mSin3A complexes. (psu.edu)
  • Identification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma related genes by comparison with normal liver tissues using expressed sequence tags. (nih.gov)
  • Amyloidosis results from the accumulation of pathogenic amyloids-most of which are aggregates of misfolded proteins-in a variety of tissues. (medscape.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Techniques such as microarrays, expressed tag sequencing (EST), serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), subtractive cloning and differential display (DD), and two-dimensional electrophoresis gel have been extensively used to screen and analyze parallel gene expression. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • any "of several different forms of the same protein, arising from either single nucleotide polymorphisms, [4] differential splicing of mRNA, or post-translational modifications (e.g. sulfation, glycosylation, etc.)" [5] is called an isoform , or protein isoform . (wikidoc.org)
  • The differential expression of a subset of genes was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemical labeling of tissue microarrays (inhibin β A [INHBA] and CD29) and/or at the transcript level by RT-PCR (INHBA, AKAP12, ELK3, FOXQ1, EIF5A2, and EFNA5). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Through de novo transcriptome assembly with the RNA-seq reads from whole organ samples of C. virgata at the germination stage (2 days after germination, DAG), early young development stage (8 DAG), young development stage (17 DAG), and adult development stage (28 DAG), we identified 21,589 unified transcripts (contigs) and found that 19,346 and 18,156 protein-coding transcripts were homologous to those in rice and Arabidopsis , respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mRNA transcripts which are tagged with minisatellites have been involved in the regulation of the gene functions as well as their organization. (uwc.ac.za)
  • However, very little information is available regarding the expression of the transcripts tagged with minisatellites in spermatozoa. (uwc.ac.za)
  • Therefore, in order to understand the functions and the conformational behavior of the proteins expressed from these minisatellite-tagged transcripts, we have performed a detailed in silico analysis using the sequences of the transcripts. (uwc.ac.za)
  • For a selected subset of CEAPs and candidate effectors, semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that these transcripts were either expressed constitutively in both in vitro and in planta or induced during plant infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After mRNA processing, most transcripts are exported to the cytoplasm for translation into protein. (berkeley.edu)
  • This process of removing pieces of a pre- mRNA transcript and combining them with other pieces is called splicing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each mRNA transcript can serve as template for repeated translation into protein by ribosomes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Meanwhile, gene expression data suggest that the MYH16 gene isn't as dead as it looks. (johnhawks.net)
  • Finally, we analysed the expression profiles of 15 potential immune-related genes, and the majority of them were induced more prominently with E. coli compared to Micrococcus luteus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous data has reported similarity between human brain and testis gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
  • Present results provide evidence to support the proposal that human testis and brain share the highest similarity of gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
  • Audic S, Claverie JM: The significance of digital gene expression profiles. (karger.com)
  • Two cDNA libraries from known health status dolphin PBL have been generated including an IL-2 and an LPS-stimulated cDNA library, respectively biased towards T and B-cell gene expression. (vin.com)
  • To analyze the regulatory mechanism involved in the high growth potential of C. virgata , we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis and illustrated a comprehensive gene expression map of the species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • The orphan receptor APJ and its recently identified endogenous ligand, apelin, exhibit high levels of mRNA expression in the heart. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • Gene expression is in part controlled by chromatin remodeling factors and the acetylation state of nucleosomal histones. (psu.edu)
  • Gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice were compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, we were interested in early gene expression changes that might mediate neuroprotection in these mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus the present study was designed to determine gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice compared with age-matched controls and to identify potential mechanisms responsible for protecting neurons from Aβ toxicity. (jneurosci.org)
  • As the expression of the AMBP gene is regulated by A1M-specific cis elements and transcription factors, A1M protein was studied as a representative of AMBP gene expression in renal cells. (betalifesci.com)
  • In the vertebrate CNS, HB9/MNR2 transcription factors are specifically expressed in all somatic motoneurons and are necessary to distinguish motoneurons from interneurons, in part by repressing interneuron-specific gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mouse HB9 maintains expression in somatic motoneurons, whereas chick HB9 is expressed only in postmitotic somatic motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • The coupling of alternative splicing with NMD is intriguing and could provide a general means of regulating gene expression. (berkeley.edu)
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the dynamic mRNA expression of this gene in the spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and trachea of NDV-infected chickens. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The expression of this gene at the protein level was further confirmed in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius of NDV-infected chickens using Western blot analysis. (geneticsmr.com)
  • This study examined basal coactivator expression in rat uterus to investigate if expression of these genes is regulated by estradiol-17β or tamoxifen. (bioone.org)
  • The Pur alpha-Rbcomplexes contain a form of Pur alpha with extensive post-syntheticmodification, as demonstrated following expression of Pur alpha cDNA fusedto a 9-amino acid epitope tag. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • DNA microarray technology aids in gene expression analysis and other bioinformatics functions. (limswiki.org)
  • CHROMOVERT® PROCESS a) cDNAs are subcloned for expression of mRNAs comprising 3' untranslated plasmid-encoded Chromo-Tag™ sequences for detection using fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes. (genelink.com)
  • Protein expression products remain untagged. (genelink.com)
  • Total RNA from tumors the expression of thousands of genes (3) to address complex questions was isolated using two successive rounds of Trizol. (lu.se)
  • 1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)
  • DLGP: A database for lineage-conserved and lineage-specific gene pairs in animal and plant genomes. (openwetware.org)
  • LCGserver: a webserver for exploring evolutionary trajectory of gene orders in a large number of genomes. (openwetware.org)
  • Bioinformatics is limited to sequence, structural, and functional analysis of genes and genomes and their corresponding products and is often considered computational molecular biology. (limswiki.org)
  • In most vertebrates this protein is expressed in muscles that develop from the first pharyngeal arch, including temporalis , which in mammals is the largest muscle of the jaw. (johnhawks.net)
  • In vertebrates, chick MNR2 and mouse HB9 are expressed in presumptive somatic motoneuron progenitors. (jneurosci.org)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • Cluster of Differentiation-200 receptor 1 (CD200R1), also known as OX-2 receptor, is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of myeloid cells and important in the regulation of myeloid cell activity (1-3). (rndsystems.com)
  • The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C. (betalifesci.com)
  • When Recombinant Human CD200 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 2724-CD ) is immobilized at 0.5 μg/mL (100 μL/well), the concentration of Biotinylated Recombinant Human CD200R1 Fc Chimera Avi-tag (Catalog # AVI10678) that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is appoximately 2.5-15 ng/mL. (rndsystems.com)
  • CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
  • Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
  • In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
  • 2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant CD200R1 Fc Chimera Avi-tag Protein (Catalog # AVI10678) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 80-100 kDa and 160-200 kDa, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
  • FLRT1 MS Standard C13 and N15-labeled recombinant protein (NP_037412) with a C-terminal MYC/DDK tag, was expressed in HEK293 cells. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The importance of S. commune as a model system is also exemplified by the fact that its recombinant DNA constructs will express in other mushroom-forming fungi 5 . (nature.com)
  • Recombinant Human EBI3(Arg21-Lys229) and p28(Phe29-Pro243) fused with His tag at C-terminal was expressed in NS0. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The human coding sequence of MYH16 has a frameshift mutation that prevents translation of the functional product. (johnhawks.net)
  • Functional networking of human divergently paired genes. (openwetware.org)
  • Transposon-Derived and Satellite-Derived Repetitive Sequences Play Distinct Functional Roles in Mammalian Intron Size Expansion. (openwetware.org)
  • This is due to a paucity of functional annotation from sequence homology, which is compounded by low genetic tractability compared with many model organisms. (portlandpress.com)
  • You can choose options such as endotoxin removal, liquid or lyophilized forms, preferred tags, and the desired functional sequence range for proteins. (betalifesci.com)
  • To these ends, several groups have classified and catagorized known alternative isoforms in terms of changes in gene structure between alternative isoforms or by the functional classes of the genes that are involved[ 4 , 16 ]. (berkeley.edu)
  • Pur-alpha can influence viral interaction through functional associations, for example with the Tat protein and TAR RNA of HIV-1, and with large T-antigen and DNA regulatory regions of JC virus. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Unlike replication, where a complete copy of DNA is made, transcription copies only the gene that is to be expressed as a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Creating a protein consists of two main steps: transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of RNA into protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genes contributing to the similarity include ribosomal protein (RP) genes as well as genes involved in transcription, translation and cell division. (karger.com)
  • The α subunits of protein prenyltransferases consist of tetratricopeptide repeats and are part of the tetratricopeptide repeat superfamily [ 5 ], which also includes functionally diverse proteins involved in transcription, co-chaperoning, protein transport, cell-cycle control and phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, vertebrate HB9/MNR2 transcription factors are expressed in all somatic motoneurons and excluded from interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pur-alpha is a highly conserved, sequence-specific DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in diverse cellular and viral functions including transcription, replication, and cell growth. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The retinoblastoma protein, Rb, is detected in extracts of monkey CV-1cells complexed with Pur alpha, a sequence-specific single-strandedDNA-binding protein implicated in control of gene transcription and DNAreplication. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The 2200 unigenes from the EST collection and the 62 immune-function targeted genes, together with other genes randomly selected without sequencing from the cDNA libraries, have been amplified and used to construct a cDNA microarray representing 3700 dolphin genes in duplicate for a total of 7400. (vin.com)
  • Because dolphin RNA is often available in only limited amounts, the microarray will be validated using both direct labeling of mRNA (when sufficient amounts are available) and indirect labeling, in which the RNA is amplified prior to labeling and hybridization to the microarray. (vin.com)
  • They significantly exploit signal peptides and transmembrane proteins which can alter the localization of proteins, possibly contributing to the disease phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • This chimeric RNA can then be translated into a fusion protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The VSIG4-Fc fusion protein protects against the development of experimental autoimmune arthritis, uveoretinitis, and hepatitis [ 10 ]. (thno.org)
  • To obtain a fusion protein and prepare rabbit anti-serum, the predicted ORF of this gene was expressed in Escherichia coli . (geneticsmr.com)
  • When expressed as a fusion protein with eYFP in cultured cells, Sec31B-F associates with the endoplasmic reticulum and with vesicular-tubular clusters, displays restricted intracellular movement characteristic of COPII vesicle dynamics, co-distributes on organelles with Sec13, Sec31A and Sec23 (markers of the COPII coat), and concentrates with ts045-VSV-G-CFP (VSV-G) when examined early in the secretory pathway or after temperature or nocodazole inhibition. (biologists.com)
  • Human Pur alpha, expressed as a glutathioneS-transferase fusion protein, specifically binds to the hypophosphorylatedform of Rb with an affinity as high as that of SV40 large T-antigen. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Although previously believed to be constitutively expressed exclusively in liver, the present study demonstrates the induction of this gene by oxalate in porcine proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells and rat kidney. (betalifesci.com)
  • Conventional MOs are typically used to constitutively disrupt targeted genes in an organism-wide manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Several genes were present as members of gene families, as has also been observed in other insect species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, other near-human species such as Zeltron, Chiss , and Sullustan share the human ortholog of this locus, which supports the inference that the ancestral sequence was noncoding, and that the GLABR has de novo origins in the Wookiee. (ubc.ca)
  • The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the cytoplasm, mRNAs gradually loose their poly-adenosine tails. (berkeley.edu)
  • A: An alignment of amino acid sequences of rat preproapelin with human and bovine preproapelin. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • B: An alignment of amino acid sequences of human apelin and angiotensin II. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Therefore, the field of bioinformatics has evolved such that the most pressing task now involves the analysis and interpretation of various types of data, including nucleotide and amino acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures. (limswiki.org)
  • We also validated the upregulation of a selected subset of genes from the immune transcriptome by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Drosophila HB9 differs from its vertebrate orthologs in several ways: it is not expressed in all somatic motoneurons, it is expressed in a subset of interneurons, and it is required for the proper development of both interneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Apelin peptides are cognate ligands for the apelin receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor APJ (orphan G protein-coupled receptor). (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is a complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) that is specifically expressed in resting tissue-resident macrophages [ 7 , 8 ]. (thno.org)
  • Protein A, B and C are isoforms encoded from the same gene through alternative splicing . (wikidoc.org)
  • A large number of isoforms are caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms , small genetic differences between alleles of the same gene. (wikidoc.org)
  • [1] Isoforms at the protein level can manifest in the deletion of whole domains or shorter loops, usually located on the surface of the protein. (wikidoc.org)
  • Alternate splicing of the human CD200R1 mRNA generates four isoforms, two of which are truncated in the Ig-C2 domain and are likely secreted (4). (rndsystems.com)
  • We have found that many alternative isoforms are apparent targets of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA surveillance system. (berkeley.edu)
  • Differences between isoforms of an alternatively spliced gene may be subtle or profound. (berkeley.edu)
  • For example, the human Bcl-x gene can be processed to generate several isoforms with markedly different activities. (berkeley.edu)
  • This GLABR gene was further characterized by a conditional knockout experiment as well as an in situ hybridization on sectioned epithelial cells in order to better determine its function. (ubc.ca)
  • In the presence of target sequence, hybridization of the sequence-specific probe results in a fluorogenic conformational change. (genelink.com)
  • [3] [4] Its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been in genomics and genetics, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing . (limswiki.org)
  • For instance, familial AD is linked to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1, and presenilin 2, all of which lead to increased levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
  • This week in Nature Genetics , two studies report recurrent mutations in splicing-related genes in blood tumors. (massgenomics.org)
  • Many mechanisms of protein function contribute to amyloidogenesis, including "nonphysiologic proteolysis, defective or absent physiologic proteolysis, mutations involving changes in thermodynamic or kinetic properties, and pathways that are yet to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • Overlap exists with Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) as several gene mutations can cause both a LGMD and CMD phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • These diseases are discussed here in part because mutations in 2 genes can present with either an LGMD or a myofibrillar myopathy phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • A new mutation has been reported, making a total of 15 different mutations that can cause premature stop codons in the alpha-L-iduronidase gene ( IDUA ), and the biochemistry of these mutations has been investigated. (medscape.com)
  • Previous work showed that this gene had lost its normal function in humans, making it a pseudogene . (johnhawks.net)
  • By comparing the sequences of humans and other primates, Stedman's team estimated that MYH16 had lost its function in human ancestors around 2.4 million years ago. (johnhawks.net)
  • They looked at more than 1100 base pairs of sequence from a chimpanzee, orangutan, macaque, and a dog, and they found that the coding sequence in humans has a small number of unexpected amino-acid-coding changes-changes that wouldn't be likely if the gene product was still being maintained by selection. (johnhawks.net)
  • We present evidence for the de novo origin of the Wookiee wookiee protein-coding gene GLABR since their divergence from humans. (ubc.ca)
  • There are three different protein prenyltransferases in humans: farnesyltransferase (FT) and geranylgeranyltransferase 1 (GGT1) share the same motif (the CaaX box) around the cysteine in their substrates, and are thus called CaaX prenyltransferases, whereas geranylgeranyltransferase 2 (GGT2, also called Rab geranylgeranyltransferase) recognizes a different motif and is thus called a non-CaaX prenyltransferase [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2003. Evidence for the widespread coupling of alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans. (berkeley.edu)
  • The purine-rich element binding (Pur) protein family protein consists PURalpha/beta/gamma in humans. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • [ 6 ] In humans, about 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo. (medscape.com)
  • In the present study we constructed and analysed the immune transcriptome of the lepidopteran Antheraea mylitta , an economically important Indian tasar silkmoth with a view to unravel the potential immune-related genes and pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An expressed sequence tag (EST) library was constructed from mRNA obtained from fat bodies of A. mylitta larvae that had been challenged by infection with Escherichia coli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test for this, apelin-55 was applied exogenously to HEK293A cells overexpressing proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 3 (PCSK3), the only apelin processing enzyme identified thus far, and to differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which endogenously express apelin, PCSK3 and other proprotein convertases. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • In the renal tubular cells, A1M and bikunin co-precipitate, indicating lack of cleavage of the precursor protein. (betalifesci.com)
  • Your gene sequences and cells may be patented and sold on the open market without your ever knowing about it. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The human Pur factor binds strongly to a sequence element repeated withinzones of initiation of DNA replication in several eukaryotic cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The type of genes that a given cell receives depends entirely on the parent cells. (wikibooks.org)
  • IL-27 is expressed by monocytes, endothelial cells and dendritic cells. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The technology utilizes fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes and flow cytometry to detect and isolate individual living cells expressing one or more genes. (genelink.com)
  • b) To create cell lines, one or more Chromo-Tagged cDNAs are transfected into cells, the transfected cells are exposed to differentially-labeled signaling probes and individual positive cells are isolated using flow cytometry. (genelink.com)
  • These proteins either arise from proteins expressed by cells at the deposition site (localized), or they precipitate systemically after production at a local site (systemic). (medscape.com)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The large proteoglycan molecules made up of protein cores, and GAG branches are secreted by cells and constitute a significant fraction of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Another early contributor to bioinformatics was Elvin A. Kabat , who pioneered biological sequence analysis in 1970 with his comprehensive volumes of antibody sequences released with Tai Te Wu between 1980 and 1991. (ind.in)
  • Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analyzing DNA and protein sequences, aligning different DNA and protein sequences to compare them, and creating and viewing 3-D models of protein structures. (limswiki.org)
  • Arguably one of the first "bioinformatics" projects-though the concept didn't yet exist-involved the 1965 creation and maintenance of a protein sequence database called the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure by Margaret O. Dayhoff, Richard V. Eck, and Robert S. Ledley. (limswiki.org)
  • The chromosome diagrams and the locations of the genes on the cytogenetic map are according to the NCBI MapViewer [ 67 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. (nih.gov)
  • S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. (cancerindex.org)
  • Through a series of experiments involving E. coli and the T4 phage in 1960, it was shown that messenger RNA (mRNA) carriers information from DNA to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 62 dolphin genes of known stress or immune function have been cloned by targeted PCR (including immunoglobulins, T-cell receptors, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, stress proteins and toxin response proteins). (vin.com)
  • These can be categorized into two classes: the first class represented by yeast Rpd3-like proteins and the second by yeast Hda1-like proteins. (psu.edu)
  • QP9826 protein expressed in Yeast. (enquirebio.com)
  • When comparing the transcriptomes across developmental stages, we found an over-representation of genes involved in growth regulation in the early development stage in C. virgata . (frontiersin.org)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • The spermatozoa are transcriptionally dormant entities which have been recognized to be an archive of mRNA, coding for a variety of functionally crucial cellular proteins. (uwc.ac.za)
  • Their protein structures resemble small leucine-rich proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Furthermore, the encoded protein contained two transmembrane regions without signal peptides, indicating that this protein is located in the mitochondrial membrane. (geneticsmr.com)
  • a "different sequence of a gene (locus)" [6] is called a variant . (wikidoc.org)
  • In liver, the precursor protein is cleaved in the Golgi network by a furin-like enzyme to release constituent proteins, which undergo glycosylation before their export from the cell. (betalifesci.com)
  • Apelin mRNA was markedly downregulated in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch and in vivo in two models of chronic ventricular pressure overload. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • For example, the current Ensembl version proposes a Chiss ortholog of BLU31 (gene responsible for their characteristic blue skin), but further investigation concluded that the "gene" lacks possible introns and thus cannot produce any resemblance of a protein in wookiee. (ubc.ca)
  • The genes encoding CaaX protein prenyltransferases are considerably longer than those encoding non-CaaX subunits, as a result of longer introns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the differences in gene size therefore result from differing intron lengths. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During mRNA processing, a complex is deposited near sites of intron removal[ 25 - 30 ]. (berkeley.edu)
  • It binds the 3′ AG splice acceptor dinucleotide of the pre-mRNA target intron, and forms a heterodimer with U2AF2 , which binds the adjacent polypyrimidine tract. (massgenomics.org)
  • 2 − 6 These nuclease-resistant polymers persist in live organisms for days and are typically designed to recognize 25-base sequences that span intron-exon junctions or translational start sites. (cdc.gov)
  • The pore-forming BCL-2 family proteins mediate mitochondrial poration to initiate apoptosis through protei-protein and protein-lipid interactions. (portlandpress.com)
  • the α subunit of FT and GGT1 is encoded by the same gene, FNTA (see Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene structures and chromosomal locations of human protein prenyltransferase subunit genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • It is composed of EBI3 (EBV-induced gene 3), a 34 kDa glycoprotein that is related to the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, and p28, the 28 kDa glycoprotein that is related to the p35 chain of IL-12). (creativebiomart.net)
  • We also identified several unknown proteins, some of which could have probable immune-related functions based on the results of the ProDom analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of immune-relevant genes by expressed sequence tag analysis of head kidney from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). (openwetware.org)
  • This detailed analysis will facilitate the understanding of these proteins in the spermatozoon region and can be used for uncovering other attributes of the metabolic network. (uwc.ac.za)
  • Subsequently, in order to pick the most relevant candidate genes for a more detailed analysis, we looked for domains/motifs in the open reading frames using SMART and Pfam programs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Single-gene knockout-coupled omics analysis identifies C9orf85 and CXorf38 as two uncharacterized human proteins associated with ZIP8 malfunction. (nih.gov)
  • Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and developmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies demonstrated that Ov-phy-1 was expressed in L3 and adult parasites. (embl.de)
  • METHODS: We conducted a test-negative case-control analysis among AI/AN persons aged 12 years presenting for care from January 1, 2021, through November 30, 2021, to evaluate the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. (cdc.gov)
  • Polymorphisms that slightly vary native peptides or inflammatory processes set the stage for abnormal protein folding and amyloid fibril deposition. (medscape.com)
  • A protein isoform, or "protein variant", [1] is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. (wikidoc.org)
  • The work grew out of their "biochemical investigation of the relations between the structures and function of proteins and the theoretical attempt to decipher the genetic code. (limswiki.org)
  • However, in the mid 1990s, other proteins were also found to accumulate in the abnormal muscle fibers, and molecular genetic studies revealed several chromosomal loci. (medscape.com)
  • Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)