Lysosomal enzymes carbohydrate lysosome associated membrane glycoproteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

O-linked found in mucous fluids, but can also be present in membrane and secretory proteins, 3 or more sugars linked by N-acetylglalactosamine (GalNAc)--connected to serine, theronine. (freezingblue.com)
Ribosomes produce both functional and structural proteins, including enzymes. (doctor-dr.com)
These include proteins associated with the sarcolemma (see image below), proteins associated with the contractile apparatus (see image below), and various enzymes involved in muscle function. (medscape.com)
We identified a total of 587 glycoproteins, including 1239 glycopeptides, 526 monosaccharide components, and 8326 intact glycopeptides in glycoproteomics, as well as a total of 4496 proteins identified in proteomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
In mammals, transport of CREG to these compartments was shown to rely on the M6P receptor pathway as typical for soluble lysosomal proteins. (boku.ac.at)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
A metabolic disorder is any disease or disorder that negatively affects the biochemical reactions through which individual animal cells process nutrient molecules (such as the components of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats ) to yield energy or perform the functions necessary to sustain life (such as building complex molecules and creating cellular structure). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The former are membrane-spanning proteins. (scienceasker.com)
The peripheral proteins are those that do not pass through the membrane. (scienceasker.com)
Golgi complex does not produce proteins but they modify the proteins by the addition of carbohydrates to the proteins, forming glycoproteins. (jotscroll.com)
The Golgi apparatus is basically the site for the modification, completion, and exportation of secretory proteins and glycoproteins. (jotscroll.com)
For instance, carbohydrates are put on some of the proteins, thus forming glycoproteins. (jotscroll.com)
Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
It also reveals the chemical composition of human body, carbon as a major elements and complex biomolecules such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water and minerals. (dagonuniversity.edu.mm)
Autophagy, the type II cell death, is a physiological mechanism involving degradation of intracellular damaged proteins and organelles into membrane vacuoles. (ijpsonline.com)
These compounds generally penetrate cell membranes, act on specific target proteins in cells, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and cause some changes in cell phenotype. (chemscene.com)
The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum can be summarized as the synthesis and export of proteins and membrane lipids, but varies between ER and cell type and cell function. (ipfs.io)
Transformation can include embedding of new proteins in membrane as well as structural changes. (ipfs.io)
All cellular membranes consist of a double layer of phospholipids in n which proteins are embedded. (easynotecards.com)
Transcriptomic analysis of the two recombinant strains in comparison with the control strain showed that the correct folding of proteins assisted by molecular chaperones played a key role in the improvement of FumDM expression and its enzyme activity. (inra.fr)

MYC competes with MiT/TFE in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through an epigenetic rheostat. (research.com)
TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
During bulk autophagy, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles resulting in the degradation of the cargo. (hypothes.is)

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in the production of lipids, carbohydrates, and some hormones. (doctor-dr.com)
Smooth ER also produces membrane lipids that are incorporated into the cell membrane. (doctor-dr.com)
6) Lysosomes are the pools of metabolites in cells, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
When Atg8 protein engineered with the red florescence protein (RFP), RFP-Atg8, RFP-Atg8 protein will be conjugated to the lipids and enable the membrane fusion to localize on the autophagosome. (hypothes.is)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes were previously believed to be the sites of the degradation of intracellular and extracellular substances. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence suggests that lysosomes may also be the cellular center for intracellular transport (Fig. 1 ), signaling (Fig. 2 ), and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular transport. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes function as an intracellular signal transduction platform. (biomedcentral.com)
We have investigated its subcellular localization in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that intracellular CREG resides in all these organisms within lysosomes or its functional equivalents. (boku.ac.at)
The most important function of the plasma membrane, as well as in eukaryotic cells, is to control the composition of intracellular fluids through the transport of ions and molecules from outside the cell and vice versa. (scienceasker.com)
Which type of membrane receptor is most important in directing intracellular events by promoting formation of second messengers? (easynotecards.com)

3) Late endosomes can also fuse with lysosomes to degrade their cargo. (biomedcentral.com)

Lysosome biogenesis in health and disease. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the basal lamina. (medscape.com)
Her NEU1 research includes themes of Sialic acid, Phenotype, Sarcoma, Cytoskeleton and Membrane glycoproteins. (research.com)

Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are found in virtually all cells and form domains of the plasma membrane termed clathrin-coated pits. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most endocytosis that uses caveolae to deliver contents of vesicles to lysosomes or other organelles, material endocytosed via potocytosis is released into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
The vesicle then travels into the cytosol and fuses with other vesicles such as endosomes and lysosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Vesicles pinch off from the last cisterna and move to the plasma membrane for secretion, releasing their contents outside the cell. (doctor-dr.com)
Golgi vesicles may also house specific protein and glycoprotein molecules, which integrate into the plasma membrane gradually. (doctor-dr.com)
Lysosomes contain membrane walls and are vesicles that detach from the Golgi apparatus. (doctor-dr.com)
In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
The uncoated transport vesicles can fuse with autophagosome or heterophagosome to form autophagolysosome, heterophagic lysosome or phagolysosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of the membranes are tubules, and some are vesicles. (jotscroll.com)
Thus, when the glycoproteins are modified, they are transported by Golgi vesicles which bud off from one end of the Golgi bodies. (jotscroll.com)
Actually, one of the functions of the Golgi apparatus is to generate new vesicles from the existing membrane of the Golgi apparatus. (jotscroll.com)
It then put the glycoproteins and other substances that are made in the Golgi network into those vesicles. (jotscroll.com)

These glycoproteins are widely involved in important biological processes, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production and glycosylation progression. (frontiersin.org)
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
The glycosylation machinery is responsible for assembling a diverse repertoire of glycan structures, collectively termed 'glycome', through the synchronized action of a portfolio of glycan-modifying enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. (nature.com)

Her research in Cell biology intersects with topics in Apoptosis, Membrane protein and Tumor progression. (research.com)
Solanum nigrum (SN) is a herb with anticancer effects such as destruction of tumor cell membrane, induction of apoptosis by NF-kappaB, caspase activation, nitric oxide production and inhibition of angiogenesis [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Precursors of lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and then migrate to the cis-Golgi, where mannose residues on the oligosaccharide chain are phosphorylated to form mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P), an important sorting signal for lysosomal enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum forms large double membrane sheets that are located near, and continuous with, the outer layer of the nuclear envelope . (ipfs.io)

These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)
A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus. (lookformedical.com)

What term is used to indicate signaling chemicals that bind to membrane receptors? (easynotecards.com)
Signaling chemicals that bind to membrane receptors are called ligands. (easynotecards.com)

A mannose 6-phosphate-containing N-linked glycopeptide derived from lysosomal acid lipase is bound to MHC class II in B lymphoblastoid cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
We have identified a novel class of peptides bound to MHC class II: mannose 6- phosphate (Man-6-P) containing glycopeptides from lysosomal enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
Her Sialidosis study incorporates themes from Exocytosis, Mannose 6-phosphate receptor and Cell membrane. (research.com)
Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Mouse Liver Lysosomes Provides Evidence for Mannose 6-phosphate-independent Targeting Mechanisms of Acid Hydrolases in Mucolipidosis II. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material. (wikipedia.org)
Caveolae are the most commonly reported non-clathrin-coated plasma membrane buds, which exist on the surface of many, but not all cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Pinocytosis, which usually occurs from highly ruffled regions of the plasma membrane, is the invagination of the cell membrane to form a pocket, which then pinches off into the cell to form a vesicle (0.5-5 µm in diameter) filled with a large volume of extracellular fluid and molecules within it (equivalent to ~100 CCVs). (wikipedia.org)
Peptides eluted from the Man-6-P/IGF-II receptor-binding fraction of immunoaffinity-purified MHC class II from the Swei cell line contained a sequence derived from the propiece of lysosomal acid lipase. (ox.ac.uk)
The term "membranous organelles" refers to organelles that are specialist sacs or canals made of cell membrane. (doctor-dr.com)
A molecule is bundled in a membrane secretory vesicle that migrates to the cell's surface and "pops open" to release its contents into the environment outside the cell when it is ready to go. (doctor-dr.com)
Her scientific interests lie mostly in Cell biology, NEU1, Sialidosis, Lysosomal storage disease and Enzyme replacement therapy. (research.com)
Her Cell biology study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Carcinogenesis, Exocytosis, Epigenetics and Membrane protein. (research.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
CREG is a glycoprotein expressed in most mammalian tissues and cell types. (boku.ac.at)
On the cell surface, it also presents carbohydrates to selectins. (rndsystems.com)
The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The eukaryotic cell is made up of a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell and is made up of phospholipids and is organized in two layers. (scienceasker.com)
This membrane, also called the cell membrane, defines the limits of the cell and ensures the retention of its contents. (scienceasker.com)
It is an organelle in the cell that is made up of different types of membranes. (jotscroll.com)
The Golgi apparatus is located and seen in between the cell membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. (jotscroll.com)
These glycoproteins then move out of the Golgi apparatus to the rest of the cell. (jotscroll.com)
They usually move through the cell to the plasma membrane . (jotscroll.com)
Lysosomal Machinery Drives Extracellular Acidification to Direct Non-apoptotic Cell Death. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. (lookformedical.com)
The RSV Glycoprotein (G) mediates attachment of the virus to the cell membrane, which facilitates interaction of the RSV Fusion (F) protein with nucleolin, thereby triggering fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. (bvsalud.org)
RER is found mainly toward the nucleus of cell and SER towards the cell membrane or plasma membrane of cell. (cloudfront.net)
Substrates must diffuse within the cell to interact with their enzymes. (jove.com)
As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. (easynotecards.com)
Diffusion of ions, mainly the diffusion of K + from the cell through leakage channels, establishes the resting membrane potential. (easynotecards.com)
Is the inside of the plasma membrane negative or positive relative to its outside in a polarized membrane of a resting cell? (easynotecards.com)

During this process, Rab7 promotes the assembly of HOPS, which mediates lysosomal tethering with endosomes by pairing an R-SNARE on a lysosome (VAMP7 or VAMP8) with three Q-SNAREs on an endosome (syntaxin-7, VTI1b, syntaxin-8). (biomedcentral.com)

Alessandra d'Azzo has included themes like Extracellular, Vesicle and Tetraspanin in her Membrane protein study. (research.com)

The endocytic pathway of mammalian cells consists of distinct membrane compartments, which internalize molecules from the plasma membrane and recycle them back to the surface (as in early endosomes and recycling endosomes), or sort them to degradation (as in late endosomes and lysosomes). (wikipedia.org)
2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Enzymes in the Golgi cisterna chemically modify protein molecules, creating glycoproteins by binding carbohydrate molecules. (doctor-dr.com)
in the absence of a particular enzyme, the abnormal or unregulated synthesis of complex molecules might result. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Cellular metabolism, involving the synthesis and breakdown of complex organic molecules, requires harmonious coordination of the various enzymes, biochemical reactions, and so forth. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Cellular metabolism consists of numerous interconnected pathways that are catalyzed by enzymes in a series of stepwise biochemical reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. (jove.com)

4) Lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes also requires SNAREs, including VAMP8, syntaxin-17 and SNAP29. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. (biomedcentral.com)
What basic structure do all cellular membranes share? (easynotecards.com)

Conjugated LAMP1 antibodies are ideal for immunocytochemistry colocalization studies in lysosomes. (rndsystems.com)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. (biomedcentral.com)
This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)

The lipid double layer is the basic structural unit of all membranes and serves as a permeability barrier for most water-soluble substances. (scienceasker.com)

It is expressed in lysosomal and plasma membranes of macrophages, NK and T-cells, and with LAMP2, is essential for the formation of phagolysosomes. (rndsystems.com)
Comprehensive proteome analysis of lysosomes reveals the diverse function of macrophages in immune responses. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The Golgi apparatus is a membrane organelle located near the nucleus, consisting of stacked cisternae or sacs. (doctor-dr.com)

Catalytically perfect enzymes have the maximum catalytic efficiency with high turnover numbers, k cat , and strong affinities for their substrates, K M . (jove.com)
Some enzymes have achieved catalytic perfection through electrostatic forces that attract and guide substrates into their active site. (jove.com)
Most enzymes achieve catalytic perfection due to the charged groups present on their surface that orient and steer the substrate into the active site. (jove.com)
Based on the acetylcholinesterase/choline oxidase dual enzyme-mediated cascade catalytic reactions of Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) transformation, a ratiometric fluorescence sensing scheme is developed. (inra.fr)

Stat3-mediated alterations in lysosomal membrane protein composition. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Mature human LAMP1 is a 389 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane glycoprotein. (rndsystems.com)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)

Does this membrane expansion involve endocytosis or exocytosis? (easynotecards.com)
The plasma membrane expands as a result of exocytosis. (easynotecards.com)

These processes involve the uptake of larger membrane areas than clathrin-mediated endocytosis and caveolae pathway. (wikipedia.org)

To make their research easier, they have been split into the membrane organelles and the nonmembranous organelles, two major types. (doctor-dr.com)
Instead of membrane, the nonmembranous organelles are made of microscopic filaments or other nonmembranous materials. (doctor-dr.com)
Pieces of the ER periodically separate and add to other membrane-bound organelles, including the plasma membrane. (doctor-dr.com)

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. (lookformedical.com)

Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)
Unsaturated phospholipids would make the membrane more fluid. (easynotecards.com)

For example, in familial hypercholesterolemia, enzymes do not receive the signals that typically inhibit cholesterol synthesis, so that excessive production of cholesterol occurs, leading to early coronary vascular disease and strokes in patients. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Myotubes protein synthesis decreased and protein degradation increased together with an enhanced in the chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity, a measure of functional proteasome activity, after treatment with WF. (biomedcentral.com)

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae . (ipfs.io)
The endoplasmic reticulum is found in most eukaryotic cells and forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs known as cisternae (in the RER), and tubular structures in the SER. (cloudfront.net)

Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)

The general structure of the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes called cisternae . (ipfs.io)

The molecular makeup of the plasma membrane and the membrane that forms the walls of the ER is almost identical. (doctor-dr.com)
subsequent specific chain bicarbonate( PPAR-alpha) regulates the odorant one-particle of spontaneous molecular enzyme in the transfer. (evakoch.com)
Here, we report the molecular architecture of the ESX-5 membrane complex from Mycobacterium xenopi determined at 13 resolution by electron microscopy. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins , mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)

However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. (lookformedical.com)

The lacy membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were first seen in 1945 using electron microscopy . (ipfs.io)
The lacy membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were first seen in 1945 by Keith R. Porter , Albert Claude , Brody Meskers and Ernest F. Fullam, using electron microscopy . (ipfs.io)

In addition, it suggests that the two apparently distinct clathrin assembly modes, namely coated pits and coated plaques, observed in experimental investigations might be a consequence of varied tensions in the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
They can constitute up to a third of the plasma membrane area of the cells of some tissues, being especially abundant in smooth muscle, type I pneumocytes, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is made up of the cytoplasm, delimited by a membrane called the plasma membrane and containing at least one DNA molecule (where the genetic information is found) and the enzymes necessary for its growth and multiplication. (scienceasker.com)
The nucleoid DNA is connected to the plasma membrane through the mesosomes. (scienceasker.com)
The multiple GPCRs causes a abnormal site repressed plasma whose factor and enzyme interacts on eIF2B service( IFT). (evakoch.com)
The plasma membrane, however, is their final destination. (jotscroll.com)
This is true of phospholipds in plasma membranes as well. (easynotecards.com)

8) Lysosomal calcium channels, such as TRPMLs, can lead to the release of lysosomal calcium and activate mTORC1, which can phosphorylate TFEB and prevent TFEB nuclear translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
Importance of TFEB acetylation in control of its transcriptional activity and lysosomal function in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The double bonds cause the fatty acid chains to kink so that they cannot be packed closely and this makes the membrane more fluid. (easynotecards.com)

inborn errors of metabolism are caused by mutant genes that produce abnormal enzymes whose function is altered. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Therefore, researchers called lysosomes the "garbage disposals" of cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes in nutrient signalling: A focus on pancreatic β-cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
A series of interconnected protein and carbohydrate networks that surround and support cells in 3 dimensions. (hypothes.is)

Anatomy36

Organisms16

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins26

Autophagy4

Lipids4

Intracellular8

Fuse with lysosomes1

Biogenesis1

Cytoskeleton2

Vesicles12

Glycosylation3

Apoptosis2

Recycled to the plasma membrane1

Rough endoplasm2

Proteolytic2

Receptors2

Mannose4

Cell28

Mediates1

Extracellular1

Late endosomes2

Molecules3

Biochemical reactions2

Autophagosomes1

Cellular2

Antibodies1

Inner membrane2

Substances1

Macrophages2

Golgi1

Catalytic4

Composition1

Amino acid2

Exocytosis2

Endocytosis1

Organelles3

DISACCHARIDES1

Phospholipids2

Synthesis2

Eukaryotic cells2

Functional1

Cisternae1

Molecular3

Compounds1

Lectins2

Endoplasmic2

Plasma7

TFEB2

Fatty acid1

Genes1

Cells3