• Figure 1 highlights the nasal-pharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) that constitutes the nasal immune system and is consequently the primary target for intranasal vaccination. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • The goat genital tract might employ similar homing mechanisms as those of the upper respiratory tract and therefore could receive primed immune cells from the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) [36]. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • These are also called nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). (drsanu.com)
  • As a consequence, the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) needs to rapidly clear infections without compromising the sense of olfaction. (unm.edu)
  • In conclusion, this dissertation provides the first tissue, cellular and molecular characterization of teleost NALT and reveals a novel function of vertebrate OSNs in eliciting rapid nasal anti-viral immune responses in the OO and OB. (unm.edu)
  • The palatine tonsils are dense compact bodies of lymphoid tissue that are located in the lateral wall of the oropharynx, bounded by the palatoglossus muscle anteriorly and the palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor muscles posteriorly and laterally. (medscape.com)
  • Both tonsils and adenoid are part of the Waldeyer ring, which is a ring of lymphoid tissue found in the pharynx. (medscape.com)
  • Both right and left tonsils form part of the circumpharyngeal lymphoid ring. (medscape.com)
  • Flexible nasopharyngoscopy demonstrating adenoids and tonsils from perspective of nose and nasopharynx. (medscape.com)
  • The most common sites of occurrence (in order of frequency) are the tonsils, nasopharynx, and base of the tongue. (drsanu.com)
  • Every tissue type is represented in the head and neck: from skin to bony paranasal sinuses, salivary glands to lymphoid tonsils, and laryngeal cartilage and joints to pharyngeal epithelium. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In the nasopharynx, narrowing may be due to hypertrophic adenoid tonsils, an elongated soft palate, and an elongated and edematous uvula. (cdho.org)
  • The tonsils are small lumps of tissue located on both sides of the back of the mouth, and the adenoids are located at the back of the nasal cavity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The uvula is a small flap of tissue visible in the back of the throat between the tonsils. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sixty children with HIV (mean age: 9 years and 8 months), infected by vertical transmission, had the sizes of their nasopharynx measured using lateral cephalometric radiographs, specifically focusing on the anatomical areas occupied by the nasopharyngeal tonsils. (bvsalud.org)
  • and wider compared to those of adults and also the fact that the eustachian tube dx.doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i3.5 v16i3.5 of pre-school children is surrounded by lymphoid follicles and adenoids. (bvsalud.org)
  • MALT is subdivided into parts (clusters) depending on their anatomical location, but they all have a similar structure: mucus layer, epithelial tissue, lamina propria and lymphoid follicles. (crie.ru)
  • The five types of leukocytes from most to least common are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes which turn into macrophages when they enter tissues, eosinophils and basophils. (pearson.com)
  • They develop into macrophages when they enter tissues. (pearson.com)
  • Adenoids consists of vertical ridges of lymphoid tissues separated by deep clefts and covered by ciliated epithelium. (drsanu.com)
  • Causes squamous cell metaplasia - reticular epithelium extension - fibrosis of interfollicular connective tissues - reduced mucociliary clearance - biofilm formation. (drsanu.com)
  • The mouth is lined by stratified squamous epithelium overlying richly vascular connective tissue. (clinicalgate.com)
  • primary lymphoid structures contain stem cells(bone marrow and thymus) secondary lymphoid structures activate immature lymphocytes and cause them to divide. (freezingblue.com)
  • The second part consists of lymphoid organs and tissues including the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. (pearson.com)
  • Sites at which this API2-MALT1 (11;18)(q21;q21) translocation commonly occurs are within human lung, kidney tissue. (enquirebio.com)
  • When the lymphatic system is damaged in some way, such as by being blocked by cancer cells or destroyed by injury, protein-rich interstitial fluid accumulates (sometimes "backs up" from the lymph vessels) in the tissue spaces. (oregonstate.education)
  • One of the most successful methods of repair is division of the obstruction and resection of the scar tissue along with resurfacing using rotational mucosal flaps. (medscape.com)
  • A distinct lineage of epithelial cells, present in MUCOSAL TISSUE, that is responsible for the immune sensing and capture of luminal bacteria and other microparticles. (bvsalud.org)
  • They deliver these microparticles, via TRANSCYTOSIS, to lymphoid tissue for efficient mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • CK12 is mainly expressed in mucosal tissues and plays an important role in antiviral immunity. (unm.edu)
  • It is said that viral based infections that target and harm mucosal linings of the respiratory tract may assistance bacteria's ability to become pathogenic in the nasopharynx, Eustachian tube and the middle ear cleft. (ukessays.com)
  • It is the immunoglobulin that's supposed to help us fight pathogens at the mucosal surface all the way from the nasopharynx down to the gut. (medscape.com)
  • Mucosal immunity is realized through a structural and functional system called mucose-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). (crie.ru)
  • Histology of the resected scar tissue from the stenotic segment usually reveals respiratory epithelial-lined stromal tissue with chronic inflammation, edema, and fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammation-induced M cells arising in response to inflammatory conditions may provide microbial access to tissues without normal M cell-associated immune surveillance tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic GERD is also implicated in inflammation of nasopharynx and adenoids leading to recurrent OME. (drsanu.com)
  • Cellulitis is inflammation, usually infective, of subcutaneous tissue Cellulitis is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. (gkhospital.in)
  • Inflammation of a gland and the tissue around it. (wordquests.info)
  • Inflammation of the adenoid tissue of the nasopharynx. (wordquests.info)
  • Acute inflammation of a gland and the adjacent connective tissue. (wordquests.info)
  • Inflammation of the nasopharynx can spread up to the medial end of the Eustachian tube, forming stasis which in turn changes the pressure in the middle ear, relative to ambient pressure (Johnson and Hill-Smith, 2012, p. 34 -35). (ukessays.com)
  • Conversely, nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS), by definition, is outside of the nasal cavity, is not congenital, and is caused by scar tissue secondary to a disease process or traumatic insult. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, once encountering cold air and airflow with more bacteria, it can directly stimulate the nasopharynx, make nasopharyngeal blood vessel mucosa congested and swollen, increase nasal secretions and scab, make the narrow nasal cavity narrower or even occluded, and then reduce the body's oxygen inhalation, carbon dioxide emissions obstructed. (motherread.net)
  • La présente étude a estimé les fréquences relatives du cancer de la cavité buccale et du pharynx chez des patients yéménites atteints de cancers enregistrés en 2007 et 2008. (who.int)
  • La langue était le site le plus souvent touché de la cavité buccale (53,6 %) alors que le nasopharynx était impliqué dans 89,5 % des cancers du pharynx. (who.int)
  • In this topic, we will review the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the immune system. (pearson.com)
  • To compare the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. (pearson.com)
  • Lymphoid organs and tissues are the sites where lymphocytes are produced, reside, and come in contact with pathogens. (pearson.com)
  • Although the nasopharynx follows a growth pattern similar to that of the rest of the body, adenoid tissue does not. (scielo.br)
  • These furrows serve to increase the surface area of the adenoid tissue. (drsanu.com)
  • The nasopharyngeal tonsillar tissue, a secondary lymphoid tissue, reveals the stage of immunodeficiency of HIV-infected patients and can also provide additional information about the evolution and response of the affected patients to their treatment (3). (bvsalud.org)
  • Central cells of the buds later die and slough, converting the solid buds into hollow tonsillar crypts, which are infiltrated by lymphoid tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Some cells migrate to tissues to take up residence whereas others circulate through the blood and lymphatic system, entering tissues when needed. (pearson.com)
  • Blood pressure causes leakage of fluid from the capillaries, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space-that is, spaces between individual cells in the tissues. (oregonstate.education)
  • The ectopic occurrence or diffuse implantation of adenomatous tissue in muscle (usually smooth muscle). (wordquests.info)
  • 1. A tumor composed of connective tissue containing glandular structures. (wordquests.info)
  • The neck and deep facial structures ( Figs. 35.2 - 35.6 ), nasopharynx, tongue and soft palate, middle ear, and mastoid region ( Fig. 35.7 ) each account for roughly 10% to 12% of the remainder. (radiologykey.com)
  • A sagittal computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck with contrast demonstrates a pedunculated soft tissue lesion at the left base of the tongue without invasion of the floor of the mouth or adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • Findings that may indicate the presence of mouth cancers include lesions or tissue discoloration. (drmarclazare.com)
  • It differs from bone, however, in that its cellular constituents (odontoblasts) form a layer over the surface of the dentine, from which long tubular processes ramify through the tissue. (clinicalgate.com)
  • A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and adipose tissues. (wordquests.info)
  • This level of stasis can result in bacteria settling in the space of the middle ear via the straight pathway from the nasopharynx (Nair and Peate, 2013, p. 565 -566). (ukessays.com)
  • He will check all soft tissues inside the mouth, including the inside of the lips, gums, cheeks, base of the tongue, and below the tongue for any irregularities and signs of mouth cancer. (drmarclazare.com)
  • In children, it is the most common soft tissue malignancy of the head and neck occurring predominantly in patients between 2 and 12 years of age. (radiologykey.com)
  • About one third of rhabdomyosarcomas arise in the orbit and periorbital soft tissues ( Fig. 35.1 ). (radiologykey.com)
  • As the adenoid is hidden behind the uvula and soft palate, within the nasopharynx, the operation for its removal must of necessity be done indirectly by palpation rather than under direct vision. (jamanetwork.com)
  • An axial CT scan of the neck with contrast again demonstrates a soft tissue left base of tongue lesion with slight extension into the glossotonsillar sulcus. (medscape.com)
  • In the same way, the immune system tissues are strategically distributed throughout the body, particularly at those points where pathogens can most easily gain entry to the body such as the respiratory and digestive tract mucosae. (pearson.com)
  • Tissues that tested positive for FMDV or viral RNA were examined by immunohistochemistry and multichannel immunofluorescence microscopy. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The scientists said that in previremic steers, FMDV was most consistently discovered in the nasopharyngeal tissues, thereby indicating this region as the most important site of primary viral replication. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The significance of continued detection of viral RNA has not been clear since FMDV proteins have not been detected, in previous studies in these tissues, following the resolution of vesicular lesions. (health-ground.com)
  • Importantly, prior to this publication, FMDV proteins have not been detected previously in lymphoid tissue at any stage of contamination and viral proteins have not been detected in any tissue following resolution of vesicular lesions. (health-ground.com)
  • The research, The Early Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle After Aerosol Inoculation - Identification of the Nasopharynx as the Primary Site of Infection, which is published in the November edition of Veterinary Pathology could lead to the development of new vaccines to control and potentially eradicate FMD. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Adenoidal development seems to differ from that of other lymphatic tissues, showing a peculiar pattern that can be revealed when hypertrophy due to infections and allergies is eliminated. (scielo.br)
  • A large increase in the amount of nasopharyngeal tonsillar tissue can be found in magnetic resonance images of HIV-infected adults, especially when they are compared to those of healthy people (4). (bvsalud.org)
  • A study of lateral radiographs of the nasopharynx in HIV-infected and non-infected children using the adenoid-nasopharyngeal (AN) ratio showed a correlation between the increase in tonsillar tissue and the different stages of the disease (5). (bvsalud.org)
  • A white crystalline base found in various animal and vegetable tissues as one of the purine base constituents. (wordquests.info)
  • Separation or ectopia of glands or glandular tissue from their usual anatomical sites, e.g., pancreatic glands in the wall of the small intestine, gastric glands in the wall of the esophagus. (wordquests.info)