Lymphocytes pre b cell receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. (wjgnet.com)
The current understanding of aGVHD pathogenesis can be summarized as (1) initial tissue damage induced by the conditioning regimen followed by the denudation of auto- and alloantigens accompanied by massive inflammatory cytokine secretion ("cytokine storm") activating APCs, (2) auto- and alloantigen presentation mediated by APCs together with the costimulatory signaling prime donor's cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their proliferation, and (3) the migration of activated cellular effectors toward GVHD target tissues. (hindawi.com)
The activity was determined by the dose dependent stimulation of the proliferation of murine 2E8 cells and is typically 0.3ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 3,333,334units/mg. (prospecbio.com)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
During activation, immune cells overexpress multimeric IL-2R, which are able to sustain immune cell proliferation and cell survival. (springer.com)
Transgenic mice over-expressing CD19 show reciprocal phenotype with increase in peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes, increase B-cell proliferation, reduction of number of B-cells exiting bone marrow, reduced surface IgM, and elevated humoral immune responses. (nordiqc.org)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
6 , 8 Beyond that, expression of Fascin can correlate with the extent of proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. (ashpublications.org)
The development, homeostasis and function of B lymphocytes involve multiple rounds of B cell receptor (BCR)-controlled proliferation and prolonged maintenance. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Zfx-deficient B cells showed normal proximal BCR signaling, but impaired BCR-induced proliferation and survival. (gsea-msigdb.org)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
Binding of PD-L1 to its receptors suppresses T-cell migration, proliferation and secretion of cytotoxic mediators, and restricts tumour cell killing. (nih.gov)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)

Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
B and T cells, type 2 dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells share a common ancestor: the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (medscape.com)
11. Jacobsen J, Haabeth OW, Tveita AA, Schjetne KW, Munthe LA, Bogen B. Naive idiotope-specific B and T cells collaborate efficiently in the absence of dendritic cells. (southernbiotech.com)
Occurrence and function: CD19 is expressed only on B-cells and follicular dendritic cells. (nordiqc.org)
Follicular dendritic cell tumours are reported CD19 positive. (nordiqc.org)
It appears to be potentially useful additional marker of follicular dendritic cell tumours. (nordiqc.org)
Tonsil and appendix are both appropriate controls: The mantle zone B-cells, the germinal centre B-cells and the follicular dendritic cells must show a strong staining reaction. (nordiqc.org)
CD4 is primarily expressed in a subset of T-lymphocytes, also referred to as T helper cells, but may also be expressed by other cells in the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
6 Fascin is expressed in dendritic, neuronal, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells, whereas it is absent from epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (ashpublications.org)
CLP differentiates into 2 intermediate progenitors: early B cells and T/NK/dendritic trilineage cells. (medscape.com)
Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage, do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Five stromal-cell-dependent lymphocyte clones are described that correspond to late pre-B or early B-cell stages of differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
They are useful for determining the molecular requirements for pre-B replication, for studying the stromal cells that supply those factors, and for delineating the final sequence of differentiation events as newly formed lymphocytes prepare to exit the bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)
Ly-6 antigens were inducible on 2E8 and 1A9 cells, but the lymphocytes were otherwise arrested in differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
The normal replication and differentiation of pre-B cells is probably regulated by complex interactions with multiple cytokines and matrix components of the marrow microenvironment. (elsevierpure.com)
The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)
The cells of origin in most patients with CLL are clonal B cells arrested in the B-cell differentiation pathway, intermediate between pre-B cells and mature B cells. (medscape.com)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
Radiosensitive SCID patients with Artemis gene mutations show a complete B-cell differentiation arrest at the pre-B-cell receptor checkpoint in bone marrow. (lu.se)
They can be distinguished by antigen-specific surface receptors and other cell surface molecules called clusters of differentiation (CDs), whose presence or absence define some subsets. (msdmanuals.com)
MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
T cell differentiation. (cdc.gov)

It is considered a positive regulator of both intrinsic and stimulus-dependent pathways in B-lymphocytes. (nordiqc.org)
Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)

From here, their development into B cells occurs in several stages (shown in image to the right), each marked by various gene expression patterns and immunoglobulin H chain and L chain gene loci arrangements, the latter due to B cells undergoing V(D)J recombination as they develop. (wikipedia.org)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
Significant similarities in gene expression profiles between calorie restricted WT cells and a non-restricted ade4 mutant suggested the possibility of common gene expression biomarkers of all chronologically long lived cells that could also provide insights into general mechanisms of lifespan extension. (refine.bio)
Using these varied methods to extend CLS, we compared gene expression profiles in the aging cells (at day 8) to identify functionally relevant biomarkers of longevity. (refine.bio)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, results from a mutation of the BTK gene, which encodes the pre-B-cell receptor (Pre-BCR) and BCR. (medscape.com)
One approach relies on the isolation and cloning of T cell receptors (TCRs) that confer non-reactive T cells with specific and potent immune function following gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
immune destruction of insulin-pro- vestigate the relationship of VDR gene ducing beta cells by T-cell infiltration polymorphism to the risk of type 1 DM DNA isolation and PCR experiments of the pancreatic islets [1]. (who.int)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
Another approach relies upon the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that directly target cancer cells or immunosuppressive cellular elements in the tumor microenvironment. (upenn.edu)

This cytokine can be produced locally by intestinal epithelial and epithelial goblet cells, and may serve as a regulatory factor for intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. (prospecbio.com)
Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
RGX-104 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and depletes myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), thereby activating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. (biospace.com)
We now demonstrate that EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) lines can readily be generated from individuals with NPC, notwithstanding the patients' prior exposure to chemotherapy/radiation. (nih.gov)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Building on interrogations in basic T cell biology in the lab, bench-to-bedside translational immunology is being developed, with a focus on T cell-based therapy for ovarian cancer. (upenn.edu)

Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
The 2E8 cells had rearranged and expressed κ light-chain genes but displayed them on the surface along with surrogate light chains and μ heavy chains. (elsevierpure.com)
Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
Subsequently, cells are transduced with CAR-encoding genes using (mostly) viral vectors. (nature.com)
Physiologic dsDNA breaks are generated in a variety of normal cellular functions, including the RAG endonuclease-mediated rearrangement of antigen receptor genes during the normal development of lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout. (gsea-msigdb.org)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

In mammals, B cells mature in the bone marrow, which is at the core of most bones. (wikipedia.org)
In birds, B cells mature in the bursa of Fabricius, a lymphoid organ where they were first discovered by Chang and Glick, which is why the 'B' stands for bursa and not bone marrow as commonly believed. (wikipedia.org)
B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that originate from bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
B cells undergo two types of selection while developing in the bone marrow to ensure proper development, both involving B cell receptors (BCR) on the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
This negative selection process leads to a state of central tolerance, in which the mature B cells do not bind self antigens present in the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
To complete development, immature B cells migrate from the bone marrow into the spleen as transitional B cells, passing through two transitional stages: T1 and T2. (wikipedia.org)
After B cells mature in the bone marrow, they migrate through the blood to SLOs, which receive a constant supply of antigen through circulating lymph. (wikipedia.org)
Studies with CD19-deficient mice have suggested that this molecule may not be required for normal generation and maturation of B cells in the bone marrow. (southernbiotech.com)
e) Summary of active alleles across 5 different pre-B cell clones and pools of bone-marrow-derived pre-B cells as determined by H3ac enrichment, ncRNA transcription and lack of H3K27me3 enrichment. (estme.org)
Conditional Zfx deletion in the bone marrow blocked B cell development at the pre-BCR selection checkpoint. (gsea-msigdb.org)
B lymphocytes, named after their site of origin in the bursa of Fabricius in birds or in the bone marrow in humans, form the basis for humoral immunity by their production of immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)

This cytokine is found to be a cofactor for V(D)J rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) during early T cell development. (prospecbio.com)
Rearrangement of immune receptor loci in B and T lymphocytes takes place in an ordered developmental manner using transcription factors and regulatory elements to open up and turn on the rearrangement process at each individual cluster during its specific stage of differentiation1,2,3,4,5. (estme.org)
Originally, it was thought that at the time of rearrangement the two alleles in each cell are equal substrates for activation, with the choice being made in a stochastic manner10,11. (estme.org)
Through the use of pre-B-cell clones, it was then demonstrated that it is this same allele that undergoes the first rearrangement in each cell12. (estme.org)

B cell activation is enhanced through the activity of CD21, a surface receptor in complex with surface proteins CD19 and CD81 (all three are collectively known as the B cell coreceptor complex). (wikipedia.org)
Antigens that activate B cells with the help of T-cell are known as T cell-dependent (TD) antigens and include foreign proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Pure T-cell deficiencies are caused by defects in either a CD3 subunit (such as CD3 δ, CD3 ζ, CD3 ε ) or in CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, key proteins involved in pre-TCR and/or TCR signaling at the positive selection stage. (medscape.com)

and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. (frontiersin.org)
We now validated whether [ 18 F]FB-IL2 can be used to quantify activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) in rats by pharmacokinetic modelling. (springer.com)
These disorders are characterized by the activation of the immune system and slow recruitment of immune cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC) in the lesion. (springer.com)
In our previous studies, we demonstrated the ability of [ 18 F]FB-IL2 to selectively detect activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) in rodent models of inflammation by noninvasive PET imaging [ 22 ]. (springer.com)
Secondary B-cell lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process that occurs in the germinal centers of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)
Applications Tested: This RPA-T4 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
Zfx deficiency in peripheral B cells caused impaired generation of the B-1 cell lineage, accelerated B cell turnover, depletion of mature recirculating cells, and delayed T-dependent antibody responses. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Thus, Zfx restrains the stress response and couples antigen receptor signaling to B cell expansion and maintenance during development and peripheral homeostasis. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Morphologically, in the peripheral blood, these cells resemble mature lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Flow cytometric estimation of the apoptotic marker CD95 in peripheral neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was done for 18 infants with non-oedematous protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and 12 oedematous ones, on hospital admission and after supervised nutritional rehabilitation, and compared with 12 matched controls. (who.int)

Primary peritoneal macrophages (PM) and murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were treated in vitro with HDE, SRA ligand (fucoidan), rIL-10, and/ or PKC isoform inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

B cell activation occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), such as the spleen and lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
At the SLO, B cell activation begins when the B cell binds to an antigen via its BCR. (wikipedia.org)
Although the events taking place immediately after activation have yet to be completely determined, it is believed that B cells are activated in accordance with the kinetic segregation model[citation needed], initially determined in T lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Of the three B cell subsets, FO B cells preferentially undergo T cell-dependent activation while MZ B cells and B1 B cells preferentially undergo T cell-independent activation. (wikipedia.org)
When a BCR binds an antigen tagged with a fragment of the C3 complement protein, CD21 binds the C3 fragment, co-ligates with the bound BCR, and signals are transduced through CD19 and CD81 to lower the activation threshold of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the CD19 molecule on the surface of mature B cells associates with CD21 (CR-2) and CD81 (TAPA-1), and this multimolecular complex synergizes with surface immunoglobulin to provide signal transduction and promote cellular activation. (southernbiotech.com)
Kinetics and cellular site of glycolipid loading control the outcome of natural killer T cell activation. (southernbiotech.com)
CD19 regulates intrinsic B lymphocyte signal transduction and activation through a novel mechanism of processive amplification. (nordiqc.org)
Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
CD4 functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation through its association with the T-cell receptor complex and protein tyrosine kinase, Lck. (thermofisher.com)
3 , 4 Activation of CREB by Tax is involved in immortalization of primary human T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)
Clinical activity was associated with increases in T cell activation markers exceeding that generally observed with RGX-104 alone. (biospace.com)
also called B7-H1 or CD274), which is expressed on many cancer and immune cells, plays an important part in blocking the 'cancer immunity cycle' by binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B7.1 (CD80), both of which are negative regulators of T-lymphocyte activation. (nih.gov)
It has been reported that hog barn dust extracts (HDE) induce TNFalpha through protein kinase C (PKC) activation and that lung inflammation is enhanced in scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) knockout (KO) mice following HDE. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, blocking SRA (24 hr fucoidan pre-treatment) resulted in enhanced HDE-stimulated macrophage TNFalpha and decreased IL-10 and PKCz activation. (cdc.gov)
Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals. (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT Reported associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus vary across ethnic groups. (who.int)
Cell 2001(2): 177-86 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)

These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
While it is known that genotoxic agents, such as IR, activate transcriptional programs involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, we also want to investigate whether or not the genotoxic breaks could affect lymphocyte-specific maturation transcriptional responses similar to those we observed following RAG-induced physiological DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)

Developing B lymphocytes expressing defective or autoreactive pre-B or B cell receptors (BCRs) are eliminated by programmed cell death, but how the balance between death and survival signals is regulated to prevent immunodeficiency and autoimmunity remains incompletely understood. (ozgene.com)
And hence the progressive immunodeficiency state resulting from T-cell deficiency (T4/ CD4) with viremia with opportunistic infection which leads to malignancy or cachexia. (bjmhr.com)
CD4 is a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (thermofisher.com)
Partial T and B lymphocyte immunodeficiency and predisposition to lymphoma in patients with hypomorphic mutations in Artemis. (lu.se)
It is the prototype of the primary immunodeficiency diseases and is caused by numerous molecular defects that lead to severe compromise in the number and function of T cells, B cells, and occasionally natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)

3. Preclinically validating in vivo T-ALL-targeted immunotherapy using pre-TCR-specific CAR-T cells. (fundacionareces.es)
3. We showed that in vivo administration of pre-TCR-CAR-T cells hampers T-ALL progression and increases overall mouse survival in preclinical T-ALL models, providing formal proof of the therapeutic efficacy of pre-TCR-specific CAR-T cells as a novel immunotherapy to improve life expectancy of T-ALL patients. (fundacionareces.es)
New model systems are being developed to test and optimize various immunotherapy strategies, including bispecific antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers and adoptive T cell transfer both in vitro and in vivo. (upenn.edu)

This model denotes that before antigen stimulation, receptors diffuse through the membrane coming into contact with Lck and CD45 in equal frequency, rendering a net equilibrium of phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
High levels of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) can be found mainly on the surface of activated T lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+, mainly Th1 lymphocytes) [ 1 - 3 ] after endogenous stimulation. (springer.com)

The affinity of a TCR for a given peptide epitope and the specificity of the binding are governed by the heterodimeric αβ T-cell receptors ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
In both TCRα and TCRβ chains, CDR3 loops have the highest sequence diversity and are the principal determinants of receptor binding specificity. (frontiersin.org)

Additionally, B cells present antigens (they are also classified as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)) and secrete cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Dr Aislinn Jennings (Characterisation of Lymphocyte receptor repertoire in sepsis). (ed.ac.uk)
Recently, high-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled large-scale characterization of TCR sequences, producing detailed T cell repertoire (Rep-Seq) ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
The discovery and characterization of new antigens implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D is a high priority as it can lead to new diagnostic tools and anticipate that studies proposed by Dr. Baker will provide critical information to target autoreactive T cells though antigen-specific therapies. (cuanschutz.edu)
Following specific binding of T cell receptors to viral and bacterial-derived peptides bound to MHC ( 5 ), or from neo-antigens ( 8 - 10 ), the appropriate T cells expand, resulting in the increased frequency of T cells carrying such receptors. (frontiersin.org)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Knockout studies in mice suggested that this cytokine plays an essential role in lymphoid cell survival. (prospecbio.com)

All splenic and peritoneal IgM + cells of both B-1 and B-2 lineages are CD19 + , with B-1 cells expressing higher levels of CD19 than B-2 cells in these sites. (southernbiotech.com)
7. Berberich S, Förster R, Pabst O. The peritoneal micromilieu commits B cells to home to body cavities and the small intestine. (southernbiotech.com)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

Lung lymphocyte aggregates and neutrophils were elevated in in vivo HDE-treated SRA and IL-10 KO mice after a 3-d recovery, and treatment during recovery with rIL-10 abrogated these responses. (cdc.gov)

B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by an antigen, it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell, known as a plasmablast or plasma cell. (wikipedia.org)
BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a foreign antigen, against which it will initiate an antibody response. (wikipedia.org)
The cells were then stained with FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Right Panel: Mouse splenic leucocytes were stimulated for 3 days with concanavalin A. The cells were preincubated with Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 antibody and then stained with either BD Horizon APC-R700 Rat IgG1, λ Isotype Control (dashed line histogram) or BD Horizon APC-R700 Rat Anti-Mouse CD25 antibody (solid line histogram). (bdbiosciences.com)
The MI15 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD138 (Syndecan-1), an 85-92 kDa single chain transmembrane protein, which is strongly expressed on multiple-myeloma-derived cell lines and malignant plasma cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Description: The RPA-T4 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa cell surface receptor expressed by a majority of thymocytes, subpopulation of mature T cells (T-helper cells) and in low levels on monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
Together, these data suggest that MPDL3280A is most effective in patients in which pre-existing immunity is suppressed by PD-L1, and is re-invigorated on antibody treatment. (nih.gov)
Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)

Most of the lymphocyte clones were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. (elsevierpure.com)
also known as ATMIN/ZNF822), a protein with dual functions in the DNA damage response and as a transcription factor, leads to progressive cell loss from the pre-B stage onwards and severely diminished splenic B cell numbers in mice. (ozgene.com)
The development of B-cells is not influenced by CD19, but CD19 deficient mice show decrease in lymphocyte number and impairment of lymphocyte function as well as reduction in formation of germinal centres. (nordiqc.org)

Most lymphocyte clones were similar to uncloned lymphocytes from Whitlock-Witte cultures in that they responded only transiently to interleukin-7 (IL-7) and then died, unless maintained on a stromal-cell clone. (elsevierpure.com)
N -(4-[ 18 F]Fluorobenzoyl)interleukin-2 ([ 18 F]FB-IL2) specifically binds to interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) and thus may be used to detect inflammation processes using positron emission tomography (PET). (springer.com)
B29), and the -subunit of the E-mail: [email protected] interleukin (IL)-7 receptor [5, 6]. (lu.se)
A novel pathogenic mutation on the interleukin-7 receptor has been described in a newborn. (medscape.com)

It is also expressed on pre-B cells, immature B cells, and plasma cells, but not on mature circulating B-lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Our preliminary results supported the hypothesis that pre-TCR, a molecular complex expressed in developing immature T cells may be a suitable T-ALL-specific target for CAR-T therapy. (fundacionareces.es)

Dr Miranda J Melis (Interplay between stress hormones, mitochondria, and immune cells during sepsis). (ed.ac.uk)
Because IL-2R expression is low in resting immune cells, the receptor might be a suitable biomarker to study active inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases. (springer.com)
CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
One focus of the Powell lab is on the generation/isolation high avidity, tumor-reactive T cells from heterogenous tumor infiltrating lymphocyte populations in traditionally "non-immunogenic" cancers utilizing novel T cell capture techniques, and to deeply examine the characteristics and function of these immune cells. (upenn.edu)
Here we show that across multiple cancer types, responses (as evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1) were observed in patients with tumours expressing high levels of PD-L1, especially when PD-L1 was expressed by tumour-infiltrating immune cells. (nih.gov)

However, the sharing of cell-surface molecules by normal and tumoral T-cells posed a challenge to develop CAR T-cell therapies for this disease. (fundacionareces.es)
The CD4 antigen is involved in the recognition of MHC class II molecules and is a co-receptor for HIV. (thermofisher.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

2. We have produced pre-TCR-specific 2nd-generation (4-1BB, CD3z) primary human CAR-T cells that have been functionally validated against pre-TCR+ T-ALLs in vitro. (fundacionareces.es)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphoid leukemia, CLL) is a monoclonal disorder characterized by a progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent lymphocytes (see the image below). (medscape.com)

NK cells, a component of innate immunity, are variably affected. (medscape.com)
Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)

The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
Cells may be prepared, stained with antibodies and washed twice with wash buffer per established protocols for immunofluorescent staining prior to acquisition on a flow cytometer. (bdbiosciences.com)
Small increase in CD19 density on the cell surface is associated with production of specific autoantibodies (against single- and double-stranded DNA, histone, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies). (nordiqc.org)
Other current efforts include the exploration of immunomodulation to potentiate endogenous antitumor T cell responses, use of bispecific antibodies, pharmacological sensitization of tumor cells to immune attack, tumor vasculature targeting, preclinical validations, clinical translation and trial support. (upenn.edu)
B cells' primary function is to develop into plasma cells, which manufacture and secrete antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)

Indeed, the behavior of almost all immune cell populations in the bloodstream is altered in some way during and after exercise ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
A major focus has been understanding the role of intra-islet communication and functional sub-populations of cells in islet function, and how disruption to intra-islet communication mechanisms and changes in sub-populations occur in diabetes and may contribute to islet decline. (cuanschutz.edu)
Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)

The histocompatibility differences between the donor and the recipient, the presence of donor's immunocompetent cells, and the inability of the recipient to reject these cells were defined as the basic pathogenic prerequisites for GVHD development by Billingham in 1966 [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
First, T or NK cells are isolated from patient's or donor's blood. (nature.com)
NC-MSCs are mesenchymal stem cells derived from a single donor's fibroblasts that have been dedifferentiated into an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) master cell bank, thereby avoiding the need to source additional donor cells. (prnewswire.com)

if the BCR can bind strongly to self-antigen, then the B cell undergoes one of four fates: clonal deletion, receptor editing, anergy, or ignorance (B cell ignores signal and continues development). (wikipedia.org)
5. Kline GH, Hayden TA, Riegert P. The initiation of B cell clonal expansion occurs independently of pre-B cell receptor formation. (southernbiotech.com)

The efficiency of lymphocyte growth at limiting dilution varied substantially on different stromal-cell clones and may reflect functional heterogeneity of stromal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Tumors derived from this clone were infiltrated by stromal cells and lymphocytes taken from the tumors' retained characteristics of the original clone. (elsevierpure.com)
Cloned lymphocyte lines that are dependent on stromal cells should continue to be important tools for molecular definition of those interactions. (elsevierpure.com)

Illness networks arise from functional interdependencies between the molecular components within human cells. (ed.ac.uk)
The immunobiology focus of my lab are the phenotypic and molecular changes in T and B lymphocytes during critical illness and resolution from critical illness, to determine modifiable changes that could improve patient outcomes. (ed.ac.uk)
IL-7 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a glycosylated monomer, having a molecular weight range of 19-30kDa due to glycosylation. (prospecbio.com)
The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
This serves as a guidepost for rationally designing new combination checkpoint therapies, downstream T cell receptor (TCR) isolation, cancer antigen identification and molecular characterization of naturally occurring tumor-reactive T cells in human cancer. (upenn.edu)

The cytoplasmic domain serves as a signal transducing element amplifying B-lymphocyte signal by regulating Src family of tyrosine kinases. (nordiqc.org)

Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)

LC8), a recently identified transcriptional target of ASCIZ, and normal B cell development can be restored by ectopic Dynll1 expression. (ozgene.com)
We previously showed that physiologic breaks initiate lymphocyte development-specific transcriptional programs. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a central lymphocyte-specific transcriptional response common to both physiologic and genotoxic breaks, which includes many lymphocyte developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncogenic transformation of CD4 + T cells by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is understood as the initial step to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a process that is mainly initiated by perturbation of cellular signaling by the viral Tax oncoprotein, a potent transcriptional regulator. (ashpublications.org)
Nuclear factor-κB signals were important for Tax-mediated transcriptional regulation of Fascin in T cells. (ashpublications.org)

other lymphocyte subsets. (123dok.net)

According to the type of defect that leads to a SCID phenotype, Combined B- and T-cell disorders can be divided into specific groups with unique pathophysiologies that invariably result in an absence of nonfunctional B cells and absence of T cells (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
Its metastatic potential depends on the phenotype of the tumor cells, and it frequently disseminates before diagnosis. (medscape.com)

Beyond this basic grouping, SCID may be categorized according to phenotypic lymphocyte profiles that include both B-cell status (B + or B - ) and NK-cell status (NK + or NK - ) in addition to T-cell status (T - , because there is always a T-cell deficiency in SCID). (medscape.com)

While immune checkpoint inhibitors are very effective in cancer treatment, their effect is not only limited to tumor cell and they have many autoimmune side effects. (cuanschutz.edu)

Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor (PgR) status are strong prognostic and predictive markers in breast carcinomas. (mindunwindart.com)

1. Defining the functional relevance of pre-TCR as a T-ALL biomarker. (fundacionareces.es)
Patients typically have recurrent infections and presentation and complications can vary depending upon where the defect has occurred in B-cell development or the degree of functional impairment. (medscape.com)

The main types of lymphocytes are morphologically indistinguishable but have different immune functions. (msdmanuals.com)

B cells, unlike the other two classes of lymphocytes, T cells and natural killer cells, express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
B cell receptors are extremely specific, with all BCRs on a B cell recognizing the same epitope. (wikipedia.org)

It is a part of B-cell Receptor Complexes (BCR) on the cell surface together with CD21, CD81 and CD225. (nordiqc.org)

CD19 is generally weakly expressed in B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and mantle cell lymphoma. (nordiqc.org)
CD20 is strongly expressed in T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and mantle cell lymphoma as opposed to a weaker CD19 reaction mentioned above. (nordiqc.org)

We here propose to circumvent current limitations by implementing an innovative CAR T-cell therapy targeting a molecule specifically expressed in T-ALL cells but absent in normal T cells. (fundacionareces.es)
More than 300 CDs have been identified many of which are absent from lymphocytes but present on other cells of the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)

G protein-coupled receptor 20 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)

CD19 is a monomeric transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at relatively constant levels throughout B cell development from early pro-B/pre-B cells (i.e. (southernbiotech.com)
Terminally differentiated plasma cells do not express CD19. (southernbiotech.com)
Self-renewal of B-1 lymphocytes is dependent on CD19. (southernbiotech.com)
Cutting edge: Primary and secondary effects of CD19 deficiency on cells of the marginal zone. (southernbiotech.com)
CD19 is found on majority of B-cell neoplasms with some exceptions. (nordiqc.org)
The CD19 reactivity patterns differ from those of CD20 in several B-cell lesions: In plasma cells neoplasms with t(11;14) the expression of CD19 and CD20 is mutually exclusive, the majority of cases are CD20+ while only a small fraction of these tumours expresses CD19. (nordiqc.org)
Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma are generally CD19 negative, while around 40% are positive for CD20. (nordiqc.org)
The expression of CD19 is diminished in about 1/3 of cases of all B-cell lymphomas when compared with normal B-cells. (nordiqc.org)
CD19 is useful in identification of B-cell lineage of majority of B-cell neoplasms but appears to be less useful in subclassifying of B-cell neoplasms in histological material. (nordiqc.org)

CD25 contains the main binding site for IL-2 and can be present as a transmembrane or soluble receptor. (springer.com)

IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cell development. (prospecbio.com)
When compared to mature B lymphomas, fewer bands coprecipitated with the surface-labeled Ig isolated from pre-B- and early B-cell lines, suggesting that components of the antigen receptor are sequentially acquired during development. (elsevierpure.com)
Defects occurring at the CLP stage or those affecting processes common to B- and T-cell development result in SCID involving B, T, and NK cells. (medscape.com)
The Zinc-finger protein ASCIZ regulates B cell development via DYNLL1 and Bim. (ozgene.com)
In the B-cell lineage, the IgH locus is usually activated first in pro-B cells, whereas the Ig region gets turned on and rearranged only at a later stage of development in the small pre-B-cell compartment. (estme.org)
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare, aggressive, hematological disease arising duringT-lymphocyte development, representing 10-15% of pediatric ALLs. (fundacionareces.es)
The development of T-cells expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) to specifically recognize and attack the patient's tumoral cells has revolutionized B-cell leukemia treatment. (fundacionareces.es)
We analyzed the role of transcription factor Zfx, a recently identified regulator of stem cell maintenance, in B cell development and homeostasis. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Other studies have shown a strong association between the development of life-threatening opportunistic illnesses and the absolute number (per microliter of blood) or percentage of CD4+ T- lymphocytes (14-21). (cdc.gov)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. (nature.com)
In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)

Throughout their migration to the spleen and after spleen entry, they are considered T1 B cells. (wikipedia.org)
Fascin (FSCN-1) stabilizes filamentous actin and is concentrated in cellular protrusions, such as filopodia, during cell migration. (ashpublications.org)

Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)

It is also expressed on some non-hematopoietic cells, including embryonic mesenchymal cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial and neural cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

2. Active metastatic tumor cell invasion into CNS 3. (mycancergenome.org)
Two were in favor of histology with cytological ER positive in 50% of the cells and 50% positive tumor cell nuclei in the histological specimen. (mindunwindart.com)
In these cases, histology might be regarded as false bad probably due to inadequate fixation of the tumor cells. (mindunwindart.com)
In search of novel biomarkers with relevance to oncogenesis, we identified the tumor marker and actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN1) to be specifically and strongly up-regulated in both HTLV-1-transformed and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patient-derived CD4 + T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Another field of study is the de novo generation of tumor-reactive T cells through genetic engineering methods. (upenn.edu)

ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
Secondary T-cell lymphopoiesis is also antigen-dependent and occurs in the thymus. (medscape.com)
Our findings demonstrate a key role for ASCIZ in regulating the survival of developing B cells by activating DYNLL1 expression, which may then modulate Bim-dependent apoptosis. (ozgene.com)

Chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukaemia is positive in 36% of the cases. (nordiqc.org)
Lymphocytic-Histiocytic (L&H) cells of nodular lymphocytic predominant Hodgkin lymphoma are negative, while staining for CD20 is positive as a rule. (nordiqc.org)

Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

These breaks are necessary to create the vast diversity seen in lymphocyte antigen receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
The immense diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) enables specific antigen recognition ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy39

Organisms11

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes68

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation15

Dendritic15

Differentiation12

Pathways2

Gene9

Chimeric antigen receptors2

Epithelial2

Cytotoxic5

Immunology1

Genes7

Bone14

Rearrangement4

Proteins3

Peripheral10

Macrophages3

Activation17

Abstract2

Maturation2

Immunodeficiency5

Immunotherapy3

Stimulation2

Specificity2

APCs3

Repertoire2

Antigens5

Knockout1

Peritoneal3

Neutrophils1

Antibody14

Mice3

Interleukin4

Immature2

Immune cells6

Molecules3

Functionally2

Immunity2

Antibodies5

Populations4

Donor's3

Clonal2

Stromal3

Molecular5

Tyrosine kinases1

Malignant1

Transcriptional5

Subsets1

Phenotype2

Phenotypic1

Checkpoint1

Estrogen receptor1

Functional2

Morphologically1

BCRs2

CD211

Splenic2

Absent2

Protein-coupled1

CD199

Transmembrane1

Development9

Therapies3

Migration2

Autoreactive1

Endothelial1

Tumor5

Dependent3

Lymphocytic2

Tumour1

Diversity2