• Oral tolerance is a biologically relevant pathway for inducing peripheral tolerance to foreign antigens. (nih.gov)
  • The immune system must distinguish not only between self and non-self, but also between innocuous and pathological foreign antigens to prevent unnecessary or self-destructive immune responses. (nature.com)
  • The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
  • Increased positive selection of B1 cells and reduced B cell tolerance to intracellular antigens in c1q-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The college focuses on three major projects: A) the biophysical and immunological characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, B) the elucidation of signal transduction pathways involved in the action of chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines and antigens and their interaction with T-helper and T-killer cells, and C) clinical studies of mechanisms of allergic reactions and maternal-fetal immune tolerance. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Our lab continues to explore mechanisms that control lymphocyte activation, as well as how nicotine or tobacco products affect the immune system with a renewed focus on the role of cholinergic receptors, MHC antigens, and other molecules in negative regulation. (modianolab.org)
  • Removal, via CELL DEATH, of immature lymphocytes that interact with antigens during maturation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
  • The diversity of disorders involving the GI tract speaks to the differing forms of immune regulation along the length of the intestine, and the varying nature of the challenge (ie, food antigens in the small bowel and commensal flora in the colon). (medscape.com)
  • Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) play an important role in the induction of donor-specific transplant immune tolerance. (newswise.com)
  • and an electron microphotograph of a dendritic cell with adherent lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells ( e.g ., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • However, this activation was kept in check both by specific proteins that were called "negative regulators" and by a series fo cells in teh immune system called 'regulatory cells' (including regulatory T cells or Tregs, myeloid derived suppressor cells or MDSCs, and possibly regulatory dendritic cells). (modianolab.org)
  • Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on specific and non-specific immune mechanisms. (curehunter.com)
  • We thus conclude that the administration of CMF in the adjuvant setting leads to a pronounced and prolonged impairment of certain immune mechanisms. (curehunter.com)
  • Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although immunity is extensively impaired in such cases, regulatory tolerance mechanisms are not known to be affected [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These cells expand in the periphery, causing tissue infiltration and damage due to breakdown of both central (e.g., autoimmune regulator, AIRE protein dysfunction) and peripheral (FOXP3 + deficiency) tolerance mechanisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The suggested mechanism for this phenomenon is the possible inability of the thymus to delete these abnormal clones due to compromise of both central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Significant insight into the physiological roles of signaling and metabolic pathways could impact our understanding of fundamental mechanisms of immune regulation and manifest legitimate therapeutic opportunities. (stjude.org)
  • This Frontiers Research Topic entitled "Evolving mechanisms of disease tolerance" aims to demonstrate how the research and our understanding of this concept is leading to, what we consider, a new golden age of infectious disease research and discovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Paudel and Sanfaçon return to the roots of disease tolerance by describing the mechanisms by which plants tolerate viral infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is therefore imperative to uncover novel immune evasion mechanisms in the dynamic tumor-immune microenvironment by untangling the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Corazza N., Müller S., Brunner T., Kägi D., Mueller C., Differential contribution of Fas- and Perforin-mediated mechanisms of the cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of naive and in vivo-primed intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, J. Immunol. (vetres.org)
  • Dysfunction of the regulatory mechanisms maintaining this balance between active immunity and tolerance in the gut may lead to mucosal inflammation and damage and GI diseases. (medscape.com)
  • To study the mechanisms behind how the innate immune system in late stage cancer patients is suppressed, with consequences and how to restore it. (lu.se)
  • All these mechanisms are mediated by innate immune cells. (lu.se)
  • Understanding the immune suppression in breast cancer patients may lead to insights into treatment responses, resistance mechanisms and novel treatment modalities aimed to hinder this phenomenon which would eventually encumber the devastating progression of breast cancer metastasis. (lu.se)
  • There are millions of B and T cells inside the body, both created within the bone marrow and the latter matures in the thymus, hence the T. Each of these lymphocytes express specificity to a particular epitope, or the part of an antigen to which B cell and T cell receptors recognize and bind. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence for a thymus-dependent form of tolerance that is not based on elimination or anergy of reactive T cells. (nature.com)
  • CONTEXT: The thymus plays a pivotal role in the establishment of immune central tolerance by producing a diverse repertoire of non-autoreactive T lymphocytes. (anr.fr)
  • This lack of knowledge leaves considerable gaps in our understanding of how the "self" is expressed in the thymus and how immune central tolerance is established. (anr.fr)
  • Klein J.R., Ontogeny of the Thy -1 , Lyt 2+ murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte: characterization of a unique population of thymus independent cytotoxic effector cells in the intestinal mucosa, J. Exp. (vetres.org)
  • For T-lymphocytes this occurs in the thymus and ensures that mature T-lymphocytes are self tolerant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thymus, thymic hormones and T lymphocytes / edited by F. Aiuti, H. Wigzell. (who.int)
  • All enrolled thymic lymphocytes is widely accepted as infants were breastfed in addition to receiv- an indicator of the depression of thymus- ing some traditional foods, according to dependent immune competence associated their age. (who.int)
  • Although the thymus size at birth oedematous or oedematous PEM) accord- may be an important predictor of immune ing to Heird's classification [2]. (who.int)
  • The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • The induction of transplantation tolerance to H-2b alloantigens in BALB/c (H-2d) mice by neonatal injection of (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 spleen cells, produces an autoimmune lupus-like syndrome due to an activation of persisting F1 donor B cells. (unige.ch)
  • Izcue A., Coombes J.L., Powrie F., Regulatory T cells suppress systemic and mucosal immune activation to control intestinal inflammation, Immunol. (vetres.org)
  • In the area of immune cell activation, our lab has mostly focused on T cells. (modianolab.org)
  • Whereas many studies have investigated the maternal immune responses that cause PTL, fetal immune cell activation has recently been raised as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of PTL. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • In addition, it has been shown that peripheral anergy following the intravenous administration of antigen is selectively induced in Th1 lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, a second objective of this study was to investigate whether tolerance induced by a feeding regimen known to cause anergy could be selectively limited to Th1 lymphocytes, and whether tolerance induction could be explained by antigen absorption from the gut into the circulation. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the host develops a tolerance for this antigen, or a self tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is where the lymphocyte would receive apoptotic signals from antigen-presenting cell (APCs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
  • Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
  • The most general pre-nanomedical method to suppress immune system acute responsiveness is called antigen nonspecific immunosuppression. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Since the immune response to antigen requires clonal proliferation, agents that block mitosis are effective inhibitors of the immune response. (nanomedicine.com)
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody CRIS1 reacts with an extracellular epitope of CD5, a 67kDa single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on mature T lymphocytes, most of thymocytes and B lymphocytes subset (B-1a lymphocytes). (exbio.cz)
  • CD5 is expressed on all mature T-lymphocytes, most of thymocytes, subset of B-lymphocytes and on many T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. (exbio.cz)
  • The demonstration of anergic T lymphocytes following oral tolerance has so far been limited in in vitro systems, and a primary objective of the present study was to provide evidence, in vivo, for the existence of a state of anergy in mice orally fed with ovalbumin (OVA). (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, they demonstrated that genetic variation in mice can delineate host resistance vs. disease tolerance following malaria infection ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In mice, this three-step therapy induced CD4- and CD8-dependent systemic immune responses that enhanced T-cell infiltration into distant tumors, leading to their eradication and significantly improving survival. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Moreover, blocking antibody against PD-1 promotes tumor growth both in SW480 cells and mice CRC xenografts in an adaptive immune-independent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • Adoptive transfer studies, using RNEU (420-429) -specific effector T cells into neu-N mice (a model that results in immune tolerance to neu), confirm that CD8 + Foxp3 + T cells are present in tumors only if there is an existing pool of tumor-rejecting effector T cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The injection of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes from adult normal BALB/c mice in 3-wk-old tolerized BALB/c nu/nu mice triggered the appearance of all the autoimmune findings observed in euthymic tolerant mice. (unige.ch)
  • More strikingly, a similar triggering of the autoimmune syndrome, including high titers of anti-DNA IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes, was observed after injection of CD4+CD8- T cells from 2-wk-old tolerant BALB/c mice into "tolerized" BALB/c nu/nu mice. (unige.ch)
  • They also suggest that, although there is a marked depletion of H-2b-specific alloreactive CTL precursors in those neonatally tolerized mice, this state of tolerance can be associated with the persistence of H-2b-specific alloreactive CD4+ cells. (unige.ch)
  • Certainly, the field has been revolutionized by the advent of tetramers to identify physiologically relevant specificities of T cells, and the introduction of models in which transgenic T-cell receptor and/or B-cell receptor-bearing lymphocytes are adoptively transferred into normal mice and can then be identified by clonotype-specific antibodies using flow cytometry in vitro, or immunohistochemistry ex vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Unfortunately, this therapeutic strategy is vulnerable by the occurrence of chronic rejection, which occurs when the recipient's immune response impairs the transplanted organ through microvascular disruption. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. (wjgnet.com)
  • The identification of lymphocyte quiescence maintaining factors will integrate to understand how the immune system is able to defend the host while maintaining self tolerance and therefore have the potential to be exploited for therapeutic purposes in immune disorders, either by enhancing specific anti-pathogen/tumor immune responses or by suppressing overactive, self-directed responses. (europa.eu)
  • Mosley R.L., Styre D., Klein J.R., CD4 + CD8 + murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, Int. Immunol. (vetres.org)
  • Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are activated and cytolytic but do not proliferate as well as other T cells in response to mitogenic signals, J. Immunol. (vetres.org)
  • Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) at 6 d of age and intestinal histology, enzymatic activity, phenotypical and functional analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from the appendix were determined at 6, 25 and 35 d of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traditionally, assessment of signal transduction pathways has required biochemical or molecular biological analysis of isolated and highly purified subsets of immune system cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The level of The infants with PEM were enrolled in T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood the study after fulfilling a set of inclusion provide information about the development criteria. (who.int)
  • Here we investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. (nature.com)
  • The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is clear however, that tumors skew the immune system towards a "tolerogenic" faith, leading to immune-paralysis. (lu.se)
  • Sakaguchi, S. Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. (nature.com)
  • The proposed Th1-Tr1 switch appears to bridge two stable, self-reinforcing immune states, pro- and anti-inflammatory, each with a characteristic gene regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • The effects of iPSCs-imDCs and SN-iPSCs-imDCs on T-cell stimulatory function, and regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferative function in vitro were analyzed by mixed lymphocyte reaction. (newswise.com)
  • This study focused on exploring sinomenine (SN) to promote differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into imDCs (SN-iPSCs-imDCs), and found SN-iPSCs-imDCs with worse donor-specific T-cell stimulatory function, and higher regulatory T-cell proliferative function in vitro and in vivo to induce high immune tolerance. (newswise.com)
  • We hypothesized that tolerance induction modulated profile of T regulatory cell (Treg) and T lymphocyte 17 (Th17) cells and is related cytokine released in septic animals. (oncotarget.com)
  • Dr. Paul provides details of his discovery of the molecular structure and functions of interleukin-4, a critical regulatory factor for lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • One promising cellular therapy is the use of regulatory T cells to induce a state of donor-specific tolerance to the transplant. (lu.se)
  • Our findings identify an endogenous receptor-mediated event that drives Tr1 differentiation and suggest that the complement system has a previously unappreciated role in T-cell-mediated immunity and tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Our laboratory has a long-standing interest in immune signaling and cell metabolism underlying the differentiation and function of T cells, a central cell type in adaptive immunity and cancer immunotherapy. (stjude.org)
  • Oral tolerance was induced by a single feeding with OVA, and was demonstrated by diminished antibody production in vivo, and by reduced cytokine secretion or proliferation in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • In fact, our work showed that the machinery that controls proliferation in lymphocytes was similar to that present in other cells (remarkably, this is similar to the machinery that controls cell division in all eukaryotic organisms, including yeast! (modianolab.org)
  • SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. (bvsalud.org)
  • B lymphocytes can also participate in light chain receptor editing, VH gene replacement, or be released and later undergo negative selection in the periphery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor is an immune checkpoint molecule that induces immune tolerance and mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. (jcancer.org)
  • B cell receptor signaling-based index as a biomarker for the loss of peripheral immune tolerance in autoreactive B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. (southernbiotech.com)
  • In this study, we analyzed lymphocyte receptor repertoires in maternal and cord blood from 14 term and 10 preterm deliveries, hypothesizing that the high prevalence of infection in patients with PTL may result in specific changes in the T cell and B cell repertoires. (bvsalud.org)
  • While immune checkpoint inhibitors are very effective in cancer treatment, their effect is not only limited to tumor cell and they have many autoimmune side effects. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Although immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by PD-1-blocking antibody are initially achieved in clinical trials, there are still many patients that cannot benefit from it [ 1 , 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • In situ immunization aims at generating antitumor immune responses through manipulating the tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, the ratio of various subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment is highly dependent on the nature of the host's immune response. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The origin of the reactive cells in such patients are either thymic release of T-cells that expand at the periphery or transplacentally transfers of maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • Thymic education is responsible for self-recognition and central tolerance. (modianolab.org)
  • Tim-3 has been proposed to inhibit Th1-mediated immune responses and promote immunological tolerance. (biolegend.com)
  • Tregs are important in balancing immune responses and keeping peripheral tolerance. (mindunwindart.com)
  • However, these approaches do not allow for quantitative analysis of the precise anatomical, phenotypic, signaling, and functional parameters required for dissecting the development of immune responses in health and disease in vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
  • O'Neill RE, Du W, Mohammadpour H, Alqassim E, Qiu J, Chen G, McCarthy PL, Lee KP, Cao X. T Cell-Derived CD70 Delivers an Immune Checkpoint Function in Inflammatory T Cell Responses. (umaryland.edu)
  • Considering the relevance of disease tolerance across the kingdoms of life and throughout the evolution of mammals, we have assembled exciting reviews detailing how this defense strategy is conserved from plants to humans against diverse forms of infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Based on our findings, we hypothesize that tolerance of viral infection, rather than enhanced potency of antiviral defenses, may be a key mechanism by which bats asymptomatically host viruses that are pathogenic in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • Indeed, recent work shows that one of the ways that smoking can affect the immune system, and probably contribute to many of the diseases associated with tobacco use, is by nicotine "enforcing" negative regulation - that is, it prevents T lymphocytes from responding to foreign invaders - through the action of this NFATc2 protein. (modianolab.org)
  • These data provide a detailed analysis of the maternal-fetal immune repertoire in term and preterm patients and contribute to a better understanding of neonate immune repertoire development and potential changes associated with PTL. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alemtuzumab is a lymphocyte-depleting antibody and one of the most effective treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • It may provide a new idea and mechanism for answering why the immune monoclonal antibody treatment is ineffective in cancer patients. (jcancer.org)
  • Antibody light-chain-restricted recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial is phylogenetically conserved. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Anergy, as a mechanism for tolerance, was demonstrated by the ability to reverse the tolerant state after culturing tolerant cells in recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). (nih.gov)
  • Lymphocyte Th17IL6+ were elevated in tolerant and CLP tolerant animals in the blood compared to sham. (oncotarget.com)
  • Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were mildly elevated in inoculated bats after 9 DPI. (cdc.gov)
  • An evaluation of the theoretical function of these genes suggests that an inhibitory immune state may exist in bats. (cdc.gov)
  • In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
  • Chapman NM, Chi H . Metabolic adaptation of lymphocytes in immunity and disease. (stjude.org)
  • Until recently, it has not been possible to image and functionally correlate the key molecular and cellular events underpinning immunity and tolerance in the intact immune system. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, our research aims at developing novel strategies that can prevent GVHD while balancing a reconstituted immune system capable of maintaining tumor immunosurveillance and infection immunity. (umaryland.edu)
  • In murine models, T-cell costimulation blockade of the CD28:B7 and CD154:CD40 pathways synergistically promotes immune tolerance after transplantation. (usuhs.edu)
  • Here, we demonstrated the impact of iPSC-derived human MSCs on the development of immune tolerance and long-term graft survival in mouse orthotopic airway allografts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Along with giving the patient standard antirejection drugs, Dr. Lengele reports, 'We made an infusion of stem cells (from the donor's bone marrow) because it was observed in hand transplantation that the donor marrow that had been transplanted in the bones of the forearm gave rise to lymphocytes in the circulation of the recipient, inducing a microchimerism believed to favor the immune tolerance of the graft. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • the recipient's immune system recognizes the graft as foreign and seeks to destroy it. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recipients of grafts containing immune cells (particularly bone marrow, intestine, and liver) are at risk of graft-vs-host disease, in which the donor immune cells attack recipient tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Section 8.5.2.1 ) are closely matched to those of the donor, transplanted organs are usually rejected (beginning within minutes or hours of surgery [ 1832 ]) unless the recipient's immune system is carefully controlled. (nanomedicine.com)
  • The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Kleinschmidt S., Meneses F., Nolte I., Hewicher-Trautwein M., Distribution of mast cell subtypes and immune cell populations in canine intestines: evidence for age-related decline in T cells and macrophages and increase of IgA-positive plasma cells, Res. (vetres.org)
  • MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • B and T lymphocytes are tested for their affinity for self MHC/peptide complexes before leaving the primary lymphoid organs and entering into the periphery. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings will likely have relevance to other immune cell populations which are not T-cells and may also clarify the function of other members of the SLFN family. (europa.eu)
  • German A.J., Hall E.J., Day M.J., Immune cell populations within the duodenal mucosa of dogs with enteropathies, J. Vet. (vetres.org)
  • These difficulties have now been overcome by new methodologies in cell signaling analysis that are sufficiently sensitive to detect signaling events occurring in individual cells in situ and the development of technologies such as laser scanning cytometry that provide the tools to analyze physiologically relevant interactions between molecules and cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system within their natural environmental niche in vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
  • For this they need to be activated by cells of the innate immune system. (lu.se)
  • Cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) unleash T cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells and have significantly improved the perspective of cancer patients. (nature.com)
  • Dr. Aturk's research is focused on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • As one of the crucial immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1 belongs to the CD28/CTLA-4 family [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Van Parijs, A. & Abbas, A. K. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off. (nature.com)
  • We ascribed the elektra phenotype to a mutation in Slfn2, a gene of previously unknown function, and concluded that SLFN2 plays an essential role in immune defense, where it operates to maintain quiescence in T-cells and monocytes. (europa.eu)
  • These medullary epithelial cells express an autoimmune regulator (AIRE) which allows these cells to present proteins specific to other parts of the body to T lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review highlights recent advances in vitamin D and T-lymphocyte biology in an effort to harness vitamin D's potential to reduce the impact of autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autoimmune diseases represent a failure of self-identification leading to an immune-mediated assault on host tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cells expressing Tim-3 are present at high levels in the CNS of animals at the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease mediated by lymphocytes secreting Th1-like cytokines. (biolegend.com)
  • Depletion of CD52-positive cells inhibits the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease, but deletes an immune-tolerance promoting CD8 T-cell population. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Autoimmune syndrome after induction of neonatal tolerance to alloantigens. (unige.ch)
  • In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
  • In an era of advanced nanomedicine, it should be possible to restrain or reprogram the immune system directly using genetic engineering (Chapters 19 and 23 ), or by using other means (e.g., temporary systemic white cell sequestration), to reduce or eliminate immunoresponsiveness during the period of nanomedical treatment. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Used in isolation, cyclosporine at 10 mg/kg-day effectively suppresses the entire immune system indefinitely [ 382 ], though at great risk of nephrotoxicity. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Does the immune system get astrocytic? (uandes.cl)
  • McGrath, M. A. , Morton, A. M. and Harnett, M. M. (2011) Laser scanning cytometry: capturing the immune system in situ. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of more than 150 disorders, often inherited, that are caused by intrinsic defects in the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • CD4 helper T-cells which alert the immune the studied infants were from low socio- system to an attack by a pathogen and the economic status families according to the CD8 suppressor T-cells which destroy cells classification of Park and Park [11]. (who.int)
  • All had dietetic errors as the cause and function of the immune defence system of PEM and none had a chronic illness or in infants [4,5]. (who.int)
  • LPS tolerance reduces the hyper inflammatory response with immunoregulation exerted by Treg and Th17 cells protecting from septic damage. (oncotarget.com)
  • Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Immune-related gastrointestinal diseases can be classified as those that develop primarily via autoimmunity, infection, an inflammatory response, or malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • While the autoreactive cells displayed significantly reduced Tregs numbers, the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes had high functional Tregs. (hindawi.com)
  • Collectively, these studies have provided the impetus for investigating disease tolerance as an alternative and/or complementary form of host defense not only in the context of infection but also in settings of non-communicable diseases such as autoimmunity, asthma, and atherosclerosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • This prevents recognition and destruction of self host cells, making it a type of negative selection or central tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central tolerance prevents B and T lymphocytes from reacting to self. (wikipedia.org)