• They performed baseline spirometry and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), before and after bronchodilator, and measured PEFR three times a day (6 pm, at bedtime and on waking), for one day, at home. (nih.gov)
  • The results of PEFR and it's variability were compared to spirometry, (functional score, FEV1-forced expiratory volume in the first second) and to the clinical score of the International Consensus for Asthma Diagnosis and Management. (nih.gov)
  • Her peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) reading is 285 liters per minute (L/min). (cdc.gov)
  • The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement, is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT Measurement of peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR) is required for effective asthma treatment, but ethnic differences affect the application of prediction equations for lung function. (who.int)
  • The device measures air flowing out of the lungs, called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), as a child forcefully blows into the device. (uhhospitals.org)
  • The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) test measures how fast a person can exhale. (healthline.com)
  • The PEFR test is also called peak flow. (healthline.com)
  • For the PEFR test to be useful, you must keep continuous records of your flow rate. (healthline.com)
  • You'll use a peak expiratory flow monitor to perform the PEFR test. (healthline.com)
  • Those participants then take an in-office breathing test called peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) that measures the force of exhalation or lung function. (healthline.com)
  • Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is defined as " The maximum flow achievable from a forced expiration starting at full inspiration with an open glottis" (British Thoracic Society and Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists 1994). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Those with medium scores of 2-4, indicative of moderate breathing issues, take an in-office breathing test to measure their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), or the force of exhalation or lung function. (news-line.com)
  • Utilization of a PEFR meter to gauge how well your lungs are working. (aposdle.org)
  • The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate PEFR decides whether your lungs are working at a decent rate or have been undermined. (aposdle.org)
  • You should record your peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) using a peak flow meter at the same time every day. (nascool.com)
  • Spirographic findings and the peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate (PEFR) are determined immediately after the exercise period and at 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes after the first measurement. (medscape.com)
  • Lung function tests including peak expiratory flow rate and spirometry are associated with an increased risk for viral transmission via respiratory droplets. (ipcrg.org)
  • 6 y), the procedure involves baseline spirometry followed by exercise on a treadmill or bicycle to a heart rate greater than 60% of the predicted maximum, with monitoring of the electrocardiogram and oxyhemoglobin saturation. (medscape.com)
  • 2 After an appropriate history has been obtained and a physical examination performed, the recommended diagnostic testing methods include spirometry (preferred), serial peak flow measurements and provocational challenges. (cmaj.ca)
  • By measuring how much air you exhale, and how quickly you exhale, spirometry can evaluate a broad range of lung diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The measurement of peak expiratory flow was pioneered by Martin Wright, who produced the first meter specifically designed to measure this index of lung function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peak flow measurement. (healthline.com)
  • Peak Flow (PF) is a simple and commonly used measurement of lung function. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • To establish your child's personal best peak flow, have your child take their peak flow measurement each day at the same time for 2 to 3 weeks. (chkd.org)
  • Doctors use a measurement called the percent predicted passive expiratory volume or forced expiratory volume to classify the exacerbation as mild, moderate, severe, or life threatening. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A peak flow meter or peak flow meter (PFM) is a device used to measure the volume of air a person breathes out as a measurement of pulmonary function. (nascool.com)
  • For more information, see the Medscape Reference topic Peak Flow Rate Measurement. (medscape.com)
  • In an outpatient or office setting, measurement of the peak flow rate by using a peak flow meter can provide useful information about obstruction in the large airways. (medscape.com)
  • Static measurement at the end of inspiration , when there is no flow. (wikidoc.org)
  • From changes in recorded values, patients and doctors may determine lung functionality, the severity of asthma symptoms, and treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • It may be plotted out on graph paper charts together with a record of symptoms or using peak flow charting software. (wikipedia.org)
  • When used correctly, a peak flow meter can reveal narrowing of the airways before asthma symptoms appear. (uhhospitals.org)
  • It will help to determine if lung disorder treatments are working to prevent symptoms from worsening. (healthline.com)
  • People with asthma may experience low peak flow rates before they develop breathing symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Improved subjective sleep quality associated with melatonin administration could not be correlated to any improvement in lung function or in asthma symptoms," the authors point out. (medscape.com)
  • The COPD Assessment in Primary Care to Identify Undiagnosed Respiratory Disease & Exacerbation Risk (CAPTURE), developed with support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), part of the National Institutes of Health, was designed to identify adults with COPD symptoms severe enough to treat, but who haven't received a diagnosis(link is external). (news-line.com)
  • Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are preventive medications that are inhaled directly into the lungs to prevent immediate as well as later symptoms, sometimes called the late phase. (jaxmed.com)
  • Studies have indicated that low-birth-weight infants are more common in women with daily symptoms or low expiratory flow than in women without asthma. (medscape.com)
  • The primary goal of treatment is to treat underlying cause, prevent disease progression, maintain or improve lung function, and improve the symptoms and quality of life. (justia.com)
  • Patients with current respiratory symptoms suggestive of viral infection should not undergo lung function tests until their symptoms have resolved. (ipcrg.org)
  • Gas cooking, which is a major indoor source of the highly oxidant nitrogen dioxide, has been associated with respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. (bmj.com)
  • Does the use of oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices impact health-related quality of life and symptoms, exacerbations, lung function parameters and exercise capacity, compared with usual care or alternative sputum clearance techniques in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? (bmj.com)
  • Moreover, asthma symptoms correlate poorly with abnormalities of lung function 9 and airway inflammation, 10 , 11 and thus in isolation may suggest a less severe form of the disease than is actually present. (cmaj.ca)
  • The chronic inflammation of asthma is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent symptoms, yet lung function may nevertheless remain normal. (cmaj.ca)
  • Pulmonary auscultation reveals inspiratory and expiratory wheezing scattered throughout both lung fields. (cdc.gov)
  • Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures were performed from residual volume and total lung capacity, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). (nih.gov)
  • Methods This historical cohort study of a broad asthma patient population in the Optimum Patient Care Research Database, examined asthma patients with 3+ eligible post-18th birthday peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) records (primary analysis), or records of forced expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) (sensitivity analysis). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly higher in males than females. (who.int)
  • Peak flow readings are higher when patients are well, and lower when the airways are constricted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flow rate lessens when the airways are blocked. (healthline.com)
  • They are used to diagnose airways obstruction, assess its severity and prognosis, delineate risk factors ( e.g . pre-operative assessment), detect early lung disease, and monitor for normal lung growth and lung function decline. (ersjournals.com)
  • Asthma in Children Asthma is a recurring inflammatory lung disorder in which certain stimuli (triggers) inflame the airways and cause them to temporarily narrow, resulting in difficulty breathing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Asthma is a chronic, or long-term condition that intermittently inflames the bronchi and narrowing the airways in the lungs. (nursinganswers.net)
  • This was more prominent in younger patients, but was evident in older patients when it was related to lower starting lung function, suggesting a persistent deteriorating phenotype that develops in adulthood over time. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, functional deficits in breathing rate, peak inspiratory/expiratory flow, minute ventilation, and tidal volume, along with marked reduction in the lung levels of GSH, protein thiols and ascorbate were in evidence in mice maintained on vitamin E deficient diet. (cdc.gov)
  • While the respiratory rate and vital capacity does not change in pregnancy, tidal volume, minute ventilation (40%), and minute oxygen uptake (20%) increase, with a resultant decrease in functional residual capacity and residual volume of air as a consequence of the elevated diaphragm. (medscape.com)
  • The variables include fraction of inspired oxygen ( FiO2 ), tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (f), positive end expiratory pressure ( PEEP ), inspiratory time, inspiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and plateau pressure (Pplateau). (wikidoc.org)
  • Tailoring the ventilator settings can help achieve specific goals, for example, to improve oxygenation , option include increasing the FiO2 and PEEP and to improve ventilation , the tidal volume ( Vt ), inspiratory pressure and respiratory rate (f) may be increased (this follows the basic principle of minute ventilation = Tidal volume x respiratory rate ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Asthma is a lung disease that is characterized by three airway problems: obstruction, inflammation and hyper responsiveness. (jaxmed.com)
  • Anti-inflammatory agents prevent or stop the further development of inflammation in the lungs. (jaxmed.com)
  • A new 5-question tool to help identify adults with undiagnosed, treatable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) has been developed with the support of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (healthline.com)
  • I think this is a promising step toward an easy-to-use screening tool for primary care physicians to identify those who might benefit from lung function testing to diagnose COPD," said Dr. Jimmy Johannes , a pulmonologist and critical care medicine specialist at MemorialCare Long Beach Medical Center in California who was not involved in the study. (healthline.com)
  • People with more advanced cases may experience limitations with regular activities due to increased risks for lung infections, like the flu or pneumonia, which can cause COPD flare-ups or exacerbations. (news-line.com)
  • Bronchiectasis, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis (CF) are all conditions of severe pulmonary dysfunction resulting from a massive inflammatory response. (justia.com)
  • The current study examined the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in improving lung function in patients with COPD, specifically those patients who met criteria for worsening respiratory severity. (issabucket.com)
  • Conclusion: In the near future, we plan to use inhaled steroids for patients with COPD for a reduction in peak expiratory flow to below 5L/min, which should significantly improve their lung function and the overall quality of life. (issabucket.com)
  • Introduction Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices are intended to facilitate sputum clearance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is uncertainty as to their place in treatment pathways. (bmj.com)
  • This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • A peak flow meter is a device used in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma. (nascool.com)
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive program designed to empower individuals with lung diseases to regain control over their breath, improve their quality of life and lead more fulfilling lives. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • The histological characteristic of these inflammatory lung diseases is the accumulation of neutrophils in the interstitium and alveoli of the lung. (justia.com)
  • These are lung diseases that can make it difficult for a person to breathe. (nascool.com)
  • If you suffer from one of these diseases, you can buy a peak flow meter to monitor your peak expiratory flow rate. (nascool.com)
  • The pathophysiology of cor pulmonale is a result of increased right-sided filling pressures from pulmonary hypertension that is associated with diseases of the lung. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary function tests have been Study design and sampling criteria were bronchial asthma, chest widely used as an objective measure This cross-sectional study was cage deformities, previous chest inju- to diagnose and follow up the course conducted among normal healthy ries and/or chest operation, cardiac of therapy in lung diseases. (who.int)
  • The pul- asthma and other obstructive lung Three schools in each region were monary function test was conducted diseases. (who.int)
  • Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and infections) can make the lungs contain too much air and take longer to empty. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other lung diseases make the lungs scarred and smaller so that they contain too little air and are poor at transferring oxygen into the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peak expiratory flow is typically measured in units of liters per minute (L/min). (wikipedia.org)
  • To interpret the significance of peak expiratory flow measurements, a comparison is made to reference (normal, predicted) values based on measurements taken from the general population. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is recommended that lung function measurements such as the PEF be included in both self and physician assessment. (bjgpopen.org)
  • Electronic devices will sample the flow and multiply the sample volume(Litres) by 60, divided by the sample time(seconds) for a result measured in L/minute : sample volume × 60 sample time {\displaystyle {\frac {{\text{sample volume}}\times 60}{\text{sample time}}}} The highest of three readings is used as the recorded value of the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This creates problems with air flow, mostly because you have less lung volume. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • This is the total volume of the lungs when filled with as much air as possible. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Results:- Time of exposure is 0-5 years and in most of the cases the forced expiratory volume in one second is 70% + 5 but peak expiratory flow rate is markedly decreased which shows that lung functions are deteriorated to a considerable extent. (who.int)
  • The majority of studies measure lung function ( e.g. forced expiratory volume in 1 s), but this is shown to be nonresponsive to the majority of interventions. (ersjournals.com)
  • Methods The study was performed in subjects with forced expiratory volume in one second at least 70% of predicted who took part in the multicentre European Community Respiratory Health Survey, had bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine challenge and had been genotyped for GSTM1 , GSTT1 and GSTP1 -rs1695. (bmj.com)
  • In a typical case, an obstructive defect is present in the form of normal forced vital capacity (FVC), reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ), and reduced forced expiratory flow more than 25-75% of the FVC (FEF 25-75). (medscape.com)
  • The flow-volume loop can be concave. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, a conclusive diagnosis of asthma is based on tests designed to detect rapid changes in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) or peak expiratory flow. (cmaj.ca)
  • Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a certain period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Adjusted linear growth models tested the association between mean annual exacerbation rate (AER) and lung function trajectory. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods provided herein are useful for prophylaxis, increasing the lung function in a patient, and/or and/or decreasing the rate of pulmonary exacerbation in a patient. (justia.com)
  • The maximal decrease in lung function is calculated by using the lowest postexercise and highest pre-exercise values. (medscape.com)
  • 2 PEF is the maximum flow achieved during an expiration delivered with maximal force starting from the level of maximal lung inflation. (bjgpopen.org)
  • Mean maximal expiratory pressure was 86,23 ± 25,92 cm H 2 O and 120,08 ± 27,37 cm H 2 O for girls and boys, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1989. New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lung function data were collated and prediction equations derived using the LMS method, which allows simultaneous modelling of the mean (mu), the coefficient of variation (sigma) and skewness (lambda) of a distribution family. (ersjournals.com)
  • Few equations take into account the changing relationship between lung function and height during the adolescent growth spurt [ 3 - 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Pediatric-Rhinoconjunctivitis-Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and nasal peak expiratory flow (NPEF) were tested. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lung function testing should only be conducted when it is considered essential or cannot be delayed, for a diagnosis or trial of treatment in which the result will guide/change treatment choice. (ipcrg.org)
  • It is important to use the same peak flow meter every time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the original design of instrument was introduced in the late 1950s, and the subsequent development of a more portable, lower cost version (the "Mini-Wright" peak flow meter), other designs and copies have become available across the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is a peak flow meter? (uhhospitals.org)
  • A peak flow meter (PFM) is a device used to measure how well your child's asthma is under control. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Why should a peak flow meter be used? (uhhospitals.org)
  • How do you use a peak flow meter? (uhhospitals.org)
  • How is peak flow meter used for health? (nascool.com)
  • The peak flow meter is a device that is used to monitor the peak expiratory flow rate of a patient. (nascool.com)
  • In most cases, a peak flow meter helps to measure the peak expiratory flow rate of a patient for 2 to 5 minutes. (nascool.com)
  • To use a peak flow meter, you should put the device over your mouth, nose, and/or throat. (nascool.com)
  • You can use a peak flow meter to determine which areas of your house or apartment are the most problematic. (nascool.com)
  • Do I need to wash my peak flow meter regularly? (nascool.com)
  • The peak flow meter should be washed before you start using it. (nascool.com)
  • it is important to note that a peak flow meter may not always work well. (nascool.com)
  • A peak flow meter also does not work properly if you have a cold. (nascool.com)
  • A mechanical peak flow meter is another type of peak flow meter. (nascool.com)
  • How peak flow meter can be used at home? (nascool.com)
  • The peak flow meter can be used to monitor your asthma and to see if your asthma medication is working. (nascool.com)
  • To use the peak flow meter, you will need to blow into the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as you can. (nascool.com)
  • It is important to follow the instructions that come with the peak flow meter. (nascool.com)
  • Generally speaking, it is simple to use a peak flow meter. (nascool.com)
  • The peak expiratory flow rate measured by Wrights peak flow meter. (kheljournal.com)
  • The increased minute ventilation and improved pulmonary function in pregnancy promote more efficient gas exchange from the maternal lungs to the blood. (medscape.com)
  • The lungs have two blood supplies - the pulmonary vascular system and the bronchial system (which is part of systemic). (medrevise.co.uk)
  • This is when the lung tissue or chest muscles can't expand enough. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Each lung has a blunt apex, a concave base on the diaphragm , a convex costal surface which corresponds to the convex chest wall, and a concave mediastinal surface, moulded to the pericardium . (medrevise.co.uk)
  • NAVIGATOR trial results presented at CHEST 2021 show the effect of tezepelumab on peak expiratory flow rates in severe asthma. (empr.com)
  • Increased Pplat implies decreased lung or chest wall compliance (e.g. pneumothorax , pulmonary edema , pneumonia , atelectasis ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Abnormal results usually mean that you may have chest or lung disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Therefore, may improve ventilation in obstructive lung disease . (wikidoc.org)
  • Forced expiratory value in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) between ethnic groups differed proportionally from that in Caucasians, such that FEV 1 /FVC remained virtually independent of ethnic group. (ersjournals.com)
  • Wright scale EN 13826 or EU scale NHANESIII reference values provided by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) In 2004 the UK switched from the original Wright scale to the newer, more accurate European scale. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you notice a significant fall in your peak flow speed, it may be caused by a flare-up in your lung disease. (healthline.com)
  • Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • People with the disease often get frequent lung infections. (justia.com)
  • A regional Canadian expert consensus on recommendations for restoring exercise on lung function testing in low and moderate-to-high community prevalence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) settings. (ipcrg.org)
  • Your child's healthcare provider will help determine your child's peak flow zones. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Your child's healthcare provider will use peak flow and spirometer results, discussed below, to help set up your child's asthma management plan. (chkd.org)
  • This systematic review shows the diversity of end-points used in bronchiectasis and suggests approaches that may improve the success rate and reproducibility of trials. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, implementing this screening tool may help standardize the approach to deciding who should undergo lung function testing," Johannes told Healthline. (healthline.com)
  • There may be improvements in lung function following intranasal corticosteroid injection although this has not been demonstrated, corticosteroids meaning in english. (issabucket.com)
  • The selected geographical factors (classify into terrain, climatic and soil factors) affect the lung tissue, especially the structure and function of the bronchi, because different living environments impact human tissues and organs differently, and humans living in different regions develop some differences in tissues and organs. (progressingeography.com)
  • Morphological/functional and antioxidant outcomes in lungs were studied after inhalation exposure to MWF of vitamin E deficient and sufficient mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Rationale Progressive lung function (LF) decline in patients with asthma contribute to worse outcomes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Due to the wide range of 'normal' values and the high degree of variability, peak flow is not the recommended test to identify asthma. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is a peak expiratory flow rate test? (healthline.com)
  • This test is commonly performed at home with a handheld device called a peak flow monitor. (healthline.com)
  • When does a doctor recommend a peak expiratory flow rate test? (healthline.com)
  • How do I prepare for a peak expiratory flow rate test? (healthline.com)
  • What are the risks associated with the peak expiratory flow rate test? (healthline.com)
  • For this test, you will breathe into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine that measures your breathing rates. (healthline.com)
  • This is the average rate of flow during the middle half of the FVC test. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Lung function testing should be deferred for patients with a positive test result or who have been in recent contact (at least 14 days) with a person with a positive COVID-19 test result. (ipcrg.org)
  • Manage the risk droplet dispersal via cough following a lung function test in the usual way (e.g provide tissues for the patient to cough into, dispose of tissues as clinical waste and ensure the patient washes their hands). (ipcrg.org)
  • This test allows the health care provider to estimate how well the lungs move oxygen from the air into the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are tests that show how well your lungs are working. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Regardless of the initial trigger, the end result is the same: the excessive buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the lungs, which hampers their ability to function properly. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • This estimates how much air and the speed with which you can victory of your lungs after a full breath. (aposdle.org)
  • Take a deep breath, filling your lungs completely. (nascool.com)
  • The nerve supply to the lungs is down the bronchial tree, and the majority of the supply is to bronchi and bronchioles, since little signal is given to or from alveoli. (medrevise.co.uk)
  • In the lungs, the lower PO 2 in ambient air will reduce the oxygen (O 2 ) pressure in the alveoli from the normal value of 105 mm Hg. (nationalacademies.org)
  • A spirometer is a more advanced peak flow monitoring device. (healthline.com)
  • The spirometer records the amount and the rate of air that you breathe in and out over a period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ABSTRACT It is important to establish lung function reference values for each population. (who.int)
  • These differences in the rate of LF decline between AER groups became progressively smaller as age at baseline increased. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Peak flow meters are used to measure the airflow in the lungs. (nascool.com)
  • Conclusion To our knowledge this study is the largest nationwide cohort of its kind and demonstrates that asthma exacerbations are associated with faster lung function decline. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Earlier intervention with appropriate management in younger asthma patients could be of value to prevent excessive lung function decline. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This lead us to examine if an inhalation exposure to a semi-synthetic neat MWF produces any morphological as well as functional alterations in the lungs of mice. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the effect of shoulder-girdle loading on forced expiratory lung volumes in primary school children and to compare this effect with that of an assumed kyphotic posture. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of different bow archery player participated in All India Inter University Archery Competition which is held at Kurukshetra. (kheljournal.com)