• The Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer, established in 1980, is an attempt to register systematically all published cytogenetic aberrations reported in cancer, including patient and tumor characteristics, gene fusions identified by cytogenetics or massively parallel sequencing, and studies pertaining to the clinical relevance of cytogenetic aberrations and/or gene rearrangements. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, Castor oil did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster Ovary cells, neither in the presence nor in the absence of a metabolic activation system, under these experimental conditions. (europa.eu)
  • It has been shown that fluoride ion has potential to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and animal cells at doses much higher than those to which humans are exposed. (drugs.com)
  • The database represents a unique international resource that enables clinicians to quickly find relevant information on cytogenetic aberrations and gene fusions in cancer and relate the findings to clinical data, in particular the diagnostic and prognostic significance of specific cytogenetic/genomic changes. (lu.se)
  • Here we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient fibroblasts containing ring chromosomes with large deletions and found that reprogrammed cells lost the abnormal chromosome and duplicated the wild-type homologue through the compensatory uniparental disomy (UPD) mechanism. (ca.gov)
  • Some medical authorities assert that homosexuality is either the result of genetic problems (abnormal chromosome variations) or psychological aberrations. (christiancourier.com)
  • The abnormal chromosome 22, containing a piece of chromosome 9 and the fusion gene, is commonly called the Philadelphia chromosome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Owing to the severity of these large aberrations that can affect multiple contiguous genes, no possible therapeutic strategies for ring chromosome disorders have been proposed. (ca.gov)
  • Our results suggest a fundamentally different function for cellular reprogramming as a means of 'chromosome therapy' to reverse combined loss-of-function across many genes in cells with large-scale aberrations involving ring structures. (ca.gov)
  • When chromosome profiles were affected, these alterations were extended to flanking cancer driver genes. (sequentiabiotech.com)
  • The continuously updated material also makes it possible to address scientific questions related to the mechanisms through which chromosomal/genomic changes participate in the carcinogenic process by elucidating why, how and when chromosome abnormalities are formed, the chromosomal anatomy of cytogenetic changes and genes involved in fusions, the role chromosome aberrations play in the formation of fusion genes, and the mechanisms by which gene fusions exert their effects. (lu.se)
  • Genes Chromosomes Cancer 58:149-154, 2019. (lu.se)
  • Genes Chromosomes Cancer 55:291-310, 2016. (lu.se)
  • Chromosome aberrations have long been studied in an effort to identify susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We edited constitutive genes with GFP or RFP tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. (bvsalud.org)
  • Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chromosome 9 likely contains 800 to 900 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with a 9q22.3 microdeletion are missing two to more than 270 genes on chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Research shows that several genes that control cell growth and division are located on chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Clinical Associations Searcher searches studies pertaining to clinical associations of cytogenetic aberrations and/or gene rearrangements. (isb-cgc.org)
  • There is a statistically significant increase of chromosome aberrations of various types observed in examined groups of children that live in contaminated areas and there is tendency to continual growth of cytogenetic effect with time. (brama.com)
  • Cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow cells in the rat following long-term inhalation exposure to nitrous oxide plus halothane. (cdc.gov)
  • All research areas are substantiated by analyses (Figure D) monitoring the acute radiation-induced cytogenetic damage and the long-term genetic stability of cells. (gsi.de)
  • Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion is associated with DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes (DG/VCF) and provides the most convincing evidence of an association between molecular cytogenetic abnormality and schizophrenia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome 22q11.2 region provides the most convincing evidence of an association between molecular cytogenetic abnormality and schizophrenia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The karyotypically normal iPSCs with isodisomy for the corrected chromosome outgrew co-existing aneuploid populations, enabling rapid and efficient isolation of patient-derived iPSCs devoid of the original chromosomal aberration. (ca.gov)
  • A study carried out at a pilot plant for drinking water disinfection of lake water revealed mutagenic activity of three different disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid) in different seasons using in situ mutagenicity assays, both in animal (micronucleus test) and in plant organisms (anaphase chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests). (scirp.org)
  • Therefore plants ( Allium cepa for chromosomal aberration test and Vicia faba for micronucleus test) were exposed to the same disinfected lake-water samples at different temperatures (10℃, 20℃ and 30℃), according the ones registered during the in situ experiment. (scirp.org)
  • The results demonstrated that methylation abnormalities of multiple imprinted loci occurred in 35% of the cases, but that they were associated with either chromosome aberrations or normal chromosome profiles. (sequentiabiotech.com)
  • The genetic controversy about LSD started in 1967 when Cohen, Marinello and Back (22) published a paper suggesting that LSD should be added to the list of substances capable of causing abnormalities in the chromosomes. (druglibrary.net)
  • Besides the t(11;22), six cases had additional chromosomal aberrations, including trisomy 7 and partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 1, which have both been described as nonspecific secondary abnormalities often associated with tumor progression. (nih.gov)
  • Secondary chromosome abnormalities were found in 62% of the cases, most often loss of a sex chromosome. (lu.se)
  • In scoring the images, it was investigated whether translocation yields in 'stable' cells, i.e. cells not containing unstable aberrations in any chromosome including counterstained ones, would be constant with time. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • A rearrangement (translocation) of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22 causes a type of cancer of blood-forming cells called chronic myeloid leukemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The translocation involved in this condition, written as t(9;22), fuses part of the ABL1 gene from chromosome 9 with part of the BCR gene from chromosome 22, creating an abnormal fusion gene called BCR-ABL1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The image shows chromosomes from a cancer patient, showing 2:3 translocation. (lu.se)
  • Many cases of NMIBC tumors have a chromosome 9 deletion, which typically occurs early in tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with Castor oil (CAS No. 8001-79-4) in Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (Irwin, NTP report 1992). (europa.eu)
  • Citation: Loveday KS, Anderson BE, Resnick MA, Zeiger E. Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange tests in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • The first group includes papers describing structural changes of the chromosomes produced by LSD in vitro , ** in these experiments various concentrations of LSD are added to cultures of cells from human, animal, or plant tissues in a test-tube. (druglibrary.net)
  • An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test with the SALATRIM (short- and long-chain acyl triglyceride molecules) family of triacylglycerols was performed similar to OECD guideline 473 in Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (Hayes et al. (europa.eu)
  • ChReporter loss was associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D cultures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rings form after fusion of the long and short arms of a chromosome, and are sometimes associated with large terminal deletions. (ca.gov)
  • Deletions of part or all of chromosome 9 are commonly found in bladder cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The SALATRIM (short- and long-chain acyl triglyceride molecules) family of triacylglycerols was assessed using a gene mutation assay in cultured mammalian cells (Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells) similarly to OECD guideline 476 (Hayes et al. (europa.eu)
  • The prokaryotes - bacteria and archaea - typically have a single circular chromosome, but many variations exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple imprinted methylation alterations dictated by chromosome copy-number variations have been recently demonstrated in adult cancers, raising the question of whether multiple imprinted loci were also affected in WT. (sequentiabiotech.com)
  • To address this issue, we analyzed DNA methylation and chromosome profiles of 7 imprinted loci in 48 WT samples. (sequentiabiotech.com)
  • En règle générale, un test FISH unique examine seulement un ou quelques chromosomes entiersou des loci spécifiques par diapositive, etc hybridations multiples doivent être menées sur plusieurs diapositives pour couvrir l'ensemble des chromosomes humains. (jove.com)
  • In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity, Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
  • Female adolescents and women of reproductive age who reside within areas with long term exposure to even small doses of radiation have significant shifts in structure of gynecological morbidity. (brama.com)
  • This demonstrates a continuation of the mutagenetic effect of long term exposure to low intensity radiation. (brama.com)
  • We recognize that women who are the foundation of future generations suffer the greatest long term effects of radiation poisoning as well as chemical and industrial waste pollution and therefore, we respectfully request that the Commission on the Status of Women take specific action to urge governments to place a heavy emphasis on safety when any new technology is developed or old technology is used. (brama.com)
  • An international team of researchers has conducted a long-term experiment aboard the International Space Station to test the effect of space radiation on mouse embryonic stem cells. (phys.org)
  • In their study, the team performed a direct quantitative measurement of the biological effect of space radiation by launching frozen mouse embryonic stem cells from the ground to the International Space Station, exposing them to space radiation for over four years, and quantifying the biological effect by examining chromosome aberrations. (phys.org)
  • Particularly, human embryonic stem cells (hES cells), which can give rise to all tissues of an organism (Figure A), are used to generate mature cells of the heart (Figure B) allowing us to study radiation/microgravity-induced cardiovascular alterations, which may occur during long-term space missions. (gsi.de)
  • The possibility of inducing structural changes in the chromosomes by exogenous agents such as radiation, viruses, and a variety of chemicals, has been a subject of great scientific interest for a long time. (druglibrary.net)
  • Materials and methods: The time-course of chromosomal aberrations in the three most highly exposed radiation victims of an Estonian accident in November 1994 was followed for 7 post-accident years encompassing 15 samples. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • Tempol protects against radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (tempol.info)
  • The majority of human chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletions (87%) are ~3 Mb in size, whereas a small proportion (8%) involve smaller nested 1.5 Mb microdeletion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 9q22.3 microdeletion is a chromosomal change in which a small piece of the long (q) arm of chromosome 9 is deleted in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
  • During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
  • UHRF1 depletion caused chromosome misalignment, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest at mitotic metaphase, and these cells exhibited the defects of spindle geometry, prominently manifested as shorter spindles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromosome painting was performed using probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 with a pan-centromeric probe, and chromosomal aberrations involving the painted chromosomes were scored using a developed version of the Protocol for Aberration Identification and Nomenclature Terminology (PAINT) nomenclature. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • During cell division, ring chromosomes can exhibit unstable behaviour leading to continuous production of aneuploid progeny with low viability and high cellular death rate. (ca.gov)
  • Purpose: To investigate whether translocations in 'stable' lymphocytes, i.e. those not containing unstable aberrations in any chromosome including counterstained ones, would have a longer persistence with time compared with those measured in all cells. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • Evaluation was performed on images, counting all chromosomes and checking the counterstained chromosomes for unstable aberrations, i.e. dicentrics, acentrics or ring chromosomes. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • The analysis was based on the assumption that during the production of new lymphocytes, this type of cell would have a better potential to survive during cell division than those containing so-called unstable aberrations. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • The number of human chromosomes was published in 1923 by Theophilus Painter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-autonomous correction of ring chromosomes in human induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • For future work, we are considering using human embryonic stem cells rather than mouse embryonic stem cells given that the human cells are much better suited for human risk assessment, and it is easier to analyze chromosome aberrations," said Professor Morita. (phys.org)
  • Albert Levan, a researcher at Lund University, was the first to establish how many chromosomes there are in the human genome. (lu.se)
  • In the 1950s, Albert Levan and American Joe Hin Tjio improved the method, and in 1956 they established that the human genome is divided into 46 chromosomes, i.e. 23 pairs of chromosomes. (lu.se)
  • By inspection through the microscope, he counted 24 pairs, which would mean 48 chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chromosomes of most bacteria, which some authors prefer to call genophores, can range in size from only 130,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola and Candidatus Tremblaya princeps, to more than 14,000,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacterium Sorangium cellulosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Two copies of chromosome 9, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chromosome 9 is made up of about 141 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents approximately 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Affected individuals are missing at least 352,000 base pairs, also written as 352 kilobases (kb), in the q22.3 region of chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ring chromosomes are structural aberrations commonly associated with birth defects, mental disabilities and growth retardation. (ca.gov)
  • Future studies might also include launching individual mice or other experimental animals to analyze their chromosome aberrations in space. (phys.org)
  • Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of scientific papers have been published indicating that LSD might cause structural changes in the chromosomes, genetic mutations, disturbances of embryonic development, and malignant degeneration of cells. (druglibrary.net)
  • 22) * After my arrival in the United States, I participated in a major study concentrating on structural changes of the chromosomes in the white blood cells following LSD administration. (druglibrary.net)
  • A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • This fact, along with other ecological and economic concerns has a negative influence on family planning, since many young people now fear having children and facing unspeakable tragedy in the case of biological aberrations. (brama.com)
  • 1987. Adjusting exposure limits for long and short exposure periods using a physiological pharmacokinetic model. (cdc.gov)
  • The mutagenic potential of long-term exposure of 120 male Sprague- Dawley rats to nitrous - oxide (10024972) is measured by observing aberrations in bone marrow cell chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The first task was the replacement of cassette containers that hold sample materials for an experiment studying the effect of long-duration exposure to the microgravity environment. (spacefacts.de)
  • The presence of such secondary aberrations did not correlate with any morphological or clinical characteristics, including survival. (lu.se)
  • Felix Mitelman's initiative of mapping all chromosome aberrations in cancer has helped to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for different types of cancer. (lu.se)
  • These findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism of UHRF1 in controlling mitotic spindle architecture and chromosome behavior and provided mechanistic evidence for UHRF1 deletion-mediated G2/M arrest. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromatid breaks are the next most frequent aberrations observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated (S phase), and both copies are joined by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the spring of 1979, after a decade-long study, sex researchers Masters and Johnson (who were not pillars of moral virtue) concluded that homosexuality for most persons is neither a physical or emotional illness, nor is it a genetic disorder. (christiancourier.com)
  • Based on these results, the occurrence of chromosome aberrations was investigated in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9-mix) with test substance concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. (europa.eu)
  • The most frequently found aberration is the chromatid gap. (cdc.gov)
  • More than a half-century ago, Pritchard's study of male homosexuals found a normal complement of XY chromosomes in every case (1962, 108). (christiancourier.com)
  • Castor oil did not induce a significant increase in the number of phases with aberrations at any preparation time and dose level. (europa.eu)
  • Meta-analysis of genome scans for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have also identified chromosome 22q11-13 as one of the strongest linkage regions for both syndromes [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1994). In a preliminary toxicity test, concentrations of 8 - 1000 μg/mL were used to determine suitable concentrations for chromosome analysis. (europa.eu)
  • An earlier analysis of aberrations in the painted portion of the genome was performed in all cells, irrespective of the possible aberrations in the unpainted part of the genome. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration, and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The occurrence of chromosome aberrations was investigated in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9-mix) with test substance concentrations of 0, 1600, 3000, 5000 µg/mL diluted with DMSO. (europa.eu)
  • We use a combination of PacBio long-read sequencing and Illumina shot-gun sequencing, along with several RNA-Seq data sets, to assemble and annotate highly contiguous genomes for both species. (bvsalud.org)
  • These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell harbors a complex aberration involving several chromosomes (red circle). (gsi.de)
  • Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • These hematomas may result in long-term or permanent paralysis . (rxlist.com)
  • Ordinary people are now able to travel in space, and the possibility of long-term manned flights to deep space , such as to the moon and Mars, is increasing. (phys.org)
  • Long-term expo- sure at the temperatures of 20℃ (both Vicia faba and Allium cepa ) and 30℃ ( Vicia faba only) to disinfected waters induced clear mutagenic effects. (scirp.org)
  • However, challenges have emerged due to M. lignano being a hidden polyploid, having recently undergone whole-genome duplication and chromosome fusion events. (bvsalud.org)