• The genetic homogeneity of ospC -A isolates was confi rmed agent, Borrelia burgdorferi , a spirochete that parasitizes by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping vertebrates, is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks through- loci ( gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt ). (cdc.gov)
  • Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)
  • Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (nature.com)
  • Yeast genetic manipulation is far more precise than can be achieved in crop plants, and the genes in yeast have been precisely altered by mutations. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Although genes can be altered precisely to avoid collateral genetic damage, changing a metabolic network will still result in unexpected metabolic effects. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Our study contributes to distinguish fungal from bacterial infection and bridges genetic variability and transcriptomic expression. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • As part of an effort to determine the mechanisms behind rainbow trout resistance to BCWD, we have identified for the first time, three interleukin-1 receptor like-1 (il1rl1) genes within a genetic locus associated with disease resistance. (usda.gov)
  • DNA sequencing of the transposon insertion sites within the isolated mutants revealed transposon insertions within 38 distinct genetic loci. (harvard.edu)
  • Two newly identified genetic loci, dltABCD and phoPR, were selected for deletion analysis and both ΔdltABCD and ΔphoPR bacterial strains displayed biofilm formation defects in the PVC microtiter plate assay, confirming these loci contribute to biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we examined the genetic diversity, distribution and mobilisation of iuc and iro loci amongst 2503 K . pneumoniae genomes using comparative genomics approaches and developed tools for tracking them via genomic surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic linkage studies have been performed on families with classic lamellar ichthyosis and show markers on band 14q11 in the region of the TGM1 gene locus. (medscape.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • [ 10 ] Other genetic causes involve mutations in genes regulating the packaging, transport, or release of cytotoxic granules. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we report the genomic organization and evolution of the three il1rl1 genes (il1rl1 genes 1-3), and use both RNA-seq and gene-specific qPCR methods to quantify expression patterns. (usda.gov)
  • Unrooted phylogenetic trees grouped the il1rl1 genes apart from other genes of the interleukin 1 receptor family and genomic comparisons identify preserved synteny between mammals, birds and salmonids albeit a pseudogene is present in both Atlantic salmon and Coho salmon. (usda.gov)
  • This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we describe the structure of these genes, their expression in rainbow trout tissues and their phylogenetic relationship to similar genes in mammals, birds and other fish species. (usda.gov)
  • The genes are 95% similar to one another and also appear in other salmonid species including Atlantic salmon and Coho salmon. (usda.gov)
  • The amino acid sequence homology of the rainbow trout il1rl1 genes are highly related to Atlantic and Coho salmon (~94%) but relatively low (22-26%) with avian and mammalian species. (usda.gov)
  • While whole genome sequencing has led to the identification of biofilm synthesis gene clusters in many bacterial species, bioinformatics has not identified the biofilm synthesis genes within the L. monocytogenes genome. (harvard.edu)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Is there a rule for the annotation of the basepair or gene locus origin in bacterial genomes? (stackexchange.com)
  • To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Putative polysaccharide utilization gene clusters were also investigated for both R. marinus DSM 4253 and DSM 4252 T (homolog strain). (nih.gov)
  • The analysis showed that in the homolog strain DSM 4252 T Rmar_1080 (RmXyl3A) and Rmar_1081 (RmXyl3B) are parts of a putative polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) for xylan utilization. (nih.gov)
  • We used RNAi to confirm that a subset of mapped genes have a role in defence, including putative wound repair genes grainy head and debris buster. (datadryad.org)
  • The TLR5 gene lies in a locus that is associated with susceptibility to Salmonella. (prosci-inc.com)
  • shared last-authorship), Houlston R**, "Identification of multiple risk loci and potential regulatory mechanisms influencing susceptibility to multiple myeloma", Nature Communications 2018 Sep 13:9(1):3707. (lu.se)
  • Introgression of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Rice Cultivar Ciherang: Response against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (mdpi.com)
  • Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has become one of the greatest challenges for clinical microbiologists and healthcare practitioners worldwide. (karger.com)
  • Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
  • Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
  • Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
  • Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
  • Increasing multidrug resistance in Enterococcus faecalis, a nosocomial opportunist and common cause of bacterial endocarditis, emphasizes the need for alternative therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy or immunoprophylaxis. (jci.org)
  • The identification of new sources of moderate resistance in this study could facilitate development of cultivars with a higher level of resistance through the gene pyramiding approach. (ashs.org)
  • These findings increase our knowledge of fish immune genes and further their potential contribution to disease resistance. (usda.gov)
  • Subsequently, we demonstrate that a single Cas9n-induced single-strand break can stimulate the insertion of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 ( NRAMP1 ) gene with reduced, but still considerable, off-target effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After a systematic selection of target sites and transgenic colonies, we successfully obtained nine exogenous natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 ( NRAMP1 ) gene-inserted cows through the Cas9n strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AlbaTraDIS automatically identified all well characterised Triclosan resistance genes, including the primary target, fabI . (biorxiv.org)
  • A number of new loci were also implicated in Triclosan resistance and the predicted phenotypes for a selection of these were validated experimentally and results showed high consistency with predictions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Pi-z is a disease resistance gene that has been effectively used to combat a broad-spectrum of races of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea . (springer.com)
  • Although DNA markers have been reported for selection of the Pi2(t) and Pi-z resistance genes at the Pi-z locus, markers that are more tightly linked to the Pi-z locus would benefit rapid and effective cultivar development. (springer.com)
  • Three SSRs on rice PAC AP005659 were found to be very tightly linked to the Pi-z locus, with one marker, AP5659-3, co-segregating with the Pi-z resistance reaction. (springer.com)
  • The Pi-z factor conferring resistance to two races of blast was mapped to a 57 kb region on the physical map of Nipponbare in a location where the Pi2(t) gene was physically mapped. (springer.com)
  • Two SSR marker haplotypes were unique for cultivars carrying the Pi-z gene, which indicates these markers are useful for selection of resistance genes at the Pi-z locus in rice germplasm. (springer.com)
  • In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)
  • This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
  • The locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator (Ler) is a regulatory protein that controls bacterial pathogenicity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). (wikipedia.org)
  • The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The ParB protein forms DNA bridging interactions around parS to condense DNA and earmark the bacterial chromosome for segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the case of the regulatory protein gene targeted to the uracil locus, the transformed yeast colonies would be identified using replica plating on growth medium lacking uracil. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Nucleotide sequence homology between the three genes is >95% and each predicted protein contains three IG/IG-like domains, a transmembrane region and a TIR domain. (usda.gov)
  • To directly compare the specificity and efficacy of different Cre lines in mediating adipocyte specific recombination, transgenic Cre lines driven by the adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) and adiponectin (Adipoq) gene promoters, as well as a tamoxifen-inducible Cre driven by the aP2 gene promoter (iaP2), were bred to the Rosa26R (R26R) reporter. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Maron and Ames, 1983) and the laboratory's own historical datab) The positive controls had to show sufficient effects, as defined by the laboratory's experiencec) Titer determinations had to demonstrate sufficient bacterial density in the suspension.An assay which did not comply with at least one of the above criteria was not used for assessment. (europa.eu)
  • qPCR assays specific to Il1rl1 gene-1 or -3, as well as a multi-gene qPCR assay (combined genes 1-3), confirmed that gene-1 is >20 fold more highly expressed than genes-2 and -3 in whole body lysates. (usda.gov)
  • however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • spacer) and 3 plasmid loci ( ospC , dbpA , and BBD14). (cdc.gov)
  • Indest KJ, Jung CM, Chen HP, Hancock D, Florizone C, Eltis LD, Crocker FH: Functional characterization of pGKT2, a 182-kb plasmid containing the xplAB genes involved in the degradation of RDX by Gordonia sp. (karger.com)
  • The quick change kit provides the tools for changing the wild type gene carried on a bacterial plasmid. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The mutant oligonucleotide is annealed to the wild type gene in the plasmid, which is amplified to produce plasmids carrying the gene with the specific mutations. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Die Analyse großer Cosmid- und BAC- (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) Contigs, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellt wurden und die mehr als 1 Mb sowohl des X- als auch des Y-Chromosoms des Platys X. maculatus abdecken, zeigte eine hohe Dichte von Retroelementen und anderen repetitiven Sequenzen, besonders im Bereich des dominanten Onkogens Xmrk und in einer durch das duplizierte Gen ps-criptY gekennzeichneten, Y-spezifischen Region. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • a software application for rapid large-scale comparative analysis of TraDIS experiments that predicts the impact of transposon insertions on nearby genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • We describe extensive use of histidine kinase-based two-component systems and tyrosine kinase signaling, the presence of bacterial and plant type photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochrome, and phototropin) and of plant-type pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, as well as metabolic pathways, and a cell cycle control system typically found in more complex eukaryotes. (duke.edu)
  • More than half of all human genes are alternatively spliced, so it is expected that alternative pre- mRNA splicing will be responsible for the identification of more than 90 percent of all human proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variation suggestive of horizontal gene transfer at a lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthetic locus in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. (ashs.org)
  • Specifically, the presence of tyrosine kinases in Acanthamoeba and Physarum as representatives of two distantly related subdivisions of Amoebozoa argues against the later emergence of tyrosine kinase signaling in the opisthokont lineage and also against the acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. (duke.edu)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
  • The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
  • The planktonic cells grow very rapidly whereas the bacterial adhering takes some time to form biofilm in other case. (ukessays.com)
  • The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)
  • [10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
  • To identify genes necessary for L. monocytogenes biofilm formation, we performed a transposon mutagenesis library screen using a recently constructed Himar1 mariner transposon. (harvard.edu)
  • The identification of mutants bearing insertions within several flagellar motility genes previously known to be required for the initial stages of biofilm formation validated the ability of the mutagenesis screen to identify L. monocytogenes biofilm-defective mutants. (harvard.edu)
  • BipA, a ribosomal binding GTPase and prolific regulator of EPEC virulence, transcriptionally regulates Ler from an upstream position where it also regulates other genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial colonization in areas of excessive scaling may lead to chronic ear infection. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing data indicate that it is an autoimmune disease, often triggered by a preceding viral or bacterial infection with organisms such as Campylobacter jejuni , cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae . (medscape.com)
  • MEFV gene mutations, seen in persons with Mediterranean fever, are increased in persons with Behçet disease. (medscape.com)
  • This is because they invariably consist of multi-gene loci which encode several enzymes that synthesise complex glycan structures. (ukri.org)
  • Thus, epigenetic mechanisms as long-term determinants of gene expression are a plausible link between genetics and environment, which may instigate the manifestation and/or progression of IBD. (nature.com)
  • In this research project we try to quantify the gene expression of the above genes pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB using rpoD as the house keeping gene. (ukessays.com)
  • The gene expression is quantified using real time PCR. (ukessays.com)
  • Analysis of transcript abundance in 15 tissues obtained from healthy adult rainbow trout by RNA-seq indicates constitutive expression of all three genes with the highest relative expression of gene-1 in oocyte tissue and highest expression of gene-2 and -3 in gill tissue. (usda.gov)
  • Housekeeping genes in the FSCN1 - ACTB (F-A) locus (Fig. 1a ) have relatively steady expression levels across various tissues and thus exogenous gene silencing resulting from chromatin inactivation might be avoided. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent refinement of this approach allows the roles of essential genes in conditional stress survival to be inferred by altering their expression. (biorxiv.org)
  • A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • The Aa is also known as Haemophillus actimycetemcomitans, and is also responsible for a series of systemic infections, including the bacterial endocarditis, the brain and skin abscesses and the urinary tract 39,47,48 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Transposon mutagenesis has been proven to be a powerful tool to identify genes and networks which are involved in survival and fitness under a given condition by simultaneously assaying the fitness of millions of mutants, thereby relating genotype to phenotype and contributing to an understanding of bacterial cell biology. (biorxiv.org)
  • AlbaTraDIS can identify genes which are up or down regulated, or inactivated, between multiple conditions, producing a filtered list of genes for further experimental validation as well as several accompanying data visualisations. (biorxiv.org)
  • We demonstrate the utility of our new approach by applying it to identify genes used by Escherichia coli to survive in a wide range of different concentrations of the biocide Triclosan. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genes to be inserted by legitimate recombination need to be flanked by short sequences of the gene at the insertion site. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • MIRU-VNTR analysis, on the other hand, uses mini-satellite sequences (tandem repeats of 10-100 nucleotides) dispersed at multiple loci in the bacterial genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In particular, gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of siderophores aerobactin ( iuc ) and salmochelin ( iro ) are associated with invasive disease and are common amongst hypervirulent K . pneumoniae clones that cause severe community-associated infections such as liver abscess and pneumonia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • B subtilis gene deletion of yoqG. (addgene.org)
  • Gene reduction analysis revealed that the gene deletion processes are under selective pressure, and many of the inactivations are probably related to the organism's interaction with its host environment. (asm.org)
  • The bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and aerobic belongs to the bacterial family of pseudomonadanceae. (ukessays.com)
  • For these candidate SNPs, our eQTL study can provide the genes that are influenced by them. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • This work has a public health impact because it provides new insights in interindividual differences in the immune response and can be used to identify causal genes for candidate SNPs that are associated with a disease. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • Mycobacterial colonies were isolated from a popliteal lymph node aspirate sample and molecular typed by SNPs typing of the genes gyrB and rpsA , the 3′ region of the hsp65 gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and MIRU-VNTR analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Homologous recombination inserts the DNA and disrupts the target gene, allowing rapid selection of cells with the inserted gene. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Here we obtained a well-resolved polymorphism type of intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence phylogeny of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto clonal complexes (corresponding to the ospC- A and -B groups) is associated by using multilocus sequence typing at housekeeping loci with hematogenous dissemination in patients with early as well as loci under adaptive evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • A new method for fast screening and accurate identification of bacterial leaf spot (BLS)-resistant lettuce has been developed in our laboratory. (ashs.org)
  • The target gene will dictate the level of resolution-identification or strain differentiation. (genengnews.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses suggest these genes arose by tandem duplication but are inconclusive whether these events occurred prior-to or after speciation. (usda.gov)
  • Blood monocytes are an important part of the innate immune response that cover a wide range of defense mechanisms including phagocytosis or release of cytokines against systemic fungal or bacterial infections. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
  • All three trout il1rl1 genes are expressed throughout the body and one of the copies is expressed at significantly higher levels than the other two copies in all tissues tested. (usda.gov)
  • Conditional gene targeting has been extensively used for in vivo analysis of gene function in adipocyte cell biology but often with debate over the tissue specificity and the efficacy of inactivation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We identified 30 loci that predict tolerance, many of which are in genes involved in the regulation of immunity and metabolism. (datadryad.org)
  • ERAP1 is a gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase, which acts on amino acid terminals in peptides that are then involved in HLA class I molecules, affecting their length for optimum major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I binding. (medscape.com)
  • The biochemical function, modelled 3D-structure, gene cluster and evolutionary relationships of each of these enzymes were studied. (nih.gov)
  • The lower line represents CUP for eight aminoacids of the six genes (excluding transposase ORFs) encoded in the lps locus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The upper line represents CUP of six Xoo genes from elsewhere in the genome (Please refer Methods). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Twelve years ago, Japanese scientists reported that a transgenic yeast engineered for increased rate of fermentation with multiple copies of one of its own genes ended up accumulating the metabolite methylglyoxal at toxic, mutagenic levels [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The main concern about the manipulation of metabolic network regulators is that the genes have multiple effects and changing the activity of one gene inevitably alters that of many others. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • consequently, the search for genes related to Behçet disease continues. (medscape.com)
  • however, an inverse relationship exists between Behçet disease and this gene. (medscape.com)
  • Other genes were found to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease through defects in sensing and processing of signals that are related to regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a frequent source of mortality in rainbow trout aquaculture. (usda.gov)
  • Certain variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been linked to an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A particular HLA-DRB1 gene variant called HLA-DRB1*04:04 is the most well-known risk factor for autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)
  • The process involves changing specific DNA code words in a particular gene. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Next, the mutant gene is inserted into the yeast at a specific locus, a step that involves legitimate recombination. (i-sis.org.uk)