• Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • miR3666 PPAR-gamma agonists have been used in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • HLHG) along with the increased extent of ERS, oxidized lipids, and decreased expression of liver X receptors beta (LXRβ) in the small intestine, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) in the liver, and of the glucose transporter 4 in the myocardium. (zendy.io)
  • Conclusion The fat diet activates the ERS and oxidative stress, decreases LXRβ, PPARγ, and PON1 in the small intestine, liver, and sera of all HL animals, in parallel with the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic valves. (zendy.io)
  • and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPAR α ). (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, YSY inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Bexarotene is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that heterodimerizes with the liver- X- receptors (LXR) and with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARϒ) to control cholesterol efflux, inflammation, and transcriptionally upregulates the production of apolipoprotein (ApoE) in the brain. (asu.edu)
  • PPAR-alpha activation increases the expression of lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) while simultaneously decreasing expression of apoC-III in the liver, which decreases VLDL particles and lowering plasma triglycerides in chylomicrons (Staels and Fruchart 2005). (bodybuilding.com)
  • For example, in familial combined hyperlipidemia, expression may occur only in the presence of significant secondary causes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mateo-Gallego R, Calmarza P, Jarauta E, Burillo E, Cenarro A and Civeira F (2010) Serum ferritin is a major determinant of lipid phenotype in familial combined hyperlipidemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia. (scielo.br)
  • We are now fully characterizing this protein and evaluating its utility as a drug target for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease. (yale.edu)
  • Used as an adjunct to dietary therapy to treat primary hyperlipidemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial), mixed dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Other types of familial combined or dyslipidemia states may trigger increased liver very-low-density lipoprotein production in insulin-resistant states of abdominal obesity or type 2 diabetes. (contemporaryclinic.com)
  • as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG, and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia when response to diet and non-pharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate. (nih.gov)
  • Fenoglide is indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, Triglycerides, and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia. (nih.gov)
  • Aging is closely associated with muscle insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We have developed expertise in in vivo investigation of lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and sensitivity, and vascular biology and in human physiological studies, leading to discovery of attractive drug targets that have been either patented or being investigated for their utility in treatment of fatty liver disease and diabetes in 2 clinical trials in the outlier populations of Fars/Iran. (yale.edu)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia and represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
  • Apart from CVD, hyperlipidemia is also closely associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The required labeling for some glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) indicated for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes include warnings and precautions regarding acute gallbladder disease in the US Prescribing Information (the prescribing information approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), while others do not. (drug-injury.com)
  • An analysis of [the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)] turned up three dozen cases of acute gallbladder disease in patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for diabetes or weight loss, including three deaths. (drug-injury.com)
  • All patients had been under anti-hypertensive treatment with angiotensin switching enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for at least a season as soon as of arterial hypertension medical diagnosis and none got diabetes, hyperlipidemia and a prior or current treatment with aldosterone receptor antagonists during the analysis recruitment. (californiaehealth.org)
  • Given the "super-size-me" diet of many Americans, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, it makes sense why four of the top 10 drugs sold in the United States are used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), high cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and diabetes. (rdhmag.com)
  • 1997 hyperlipidemia, diabetes. (dmn.ca)
  • Clinicians should therefore emphasize strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk even further among low-risk adults by treating modifiable risk factors (smoking, diabetes, blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, overweight, and exercise). (medscape.com)
  • Middle East and North Africa region is 12.8%, and 45% of study aims to address these knowledge gaps by providing people living with diabetes in this region are undiagnosed real-world observational data on the use of second- and ( 7 ). (who.int)
  • PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2000). PPARs form heterodimers with the Retinoid-X Receptors (RXRs). (bodybuilding.com)
  • Activation of PPARG is more effective for skeletal muscle insulin resistance than for insulin resistance of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • We examined the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in healthy aging promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hyperlipidemia by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These results strongly support the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in aging promotes hyperlipidemia and NAFLD by altering the pattern of postprandial carbohydrate storage away from muscle glycogen and into hepatic DNL. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Leptin treatment dramatically improves metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia) in patients with relative leptin deficiency due to lipoatrophy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Adiponectin production is stimulated by thiazolidinedione agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and may contribute to increased insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors are promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These nuclear hormone receptors impact on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance. (wjgnet.com)
  • Plasma lipid profile, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and atherosclerotic lesions were observed after 12 weeks of the atherogenic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. (bvsalud.org)
  • Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, when the researchers also knocked out SCD1, the mice improved dramatically, accumulating far less fat in their liver, which in turn led to fewer triglycerides in the blood, increased insulin sensitivity, and less weight gain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma has been shown to interact with: Tetrahydrocannabivarin Cannabidiol Anandamide CD36 EDF1 EP300 HDAC3 MED1 NCOA3 NCOA4 NCOA2 NR0B2 PPARGC1A RB1. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, adverse reactions occur simultaneously when bound to other nuclear receptors. (asu.edu)
  • vitamin A or bind to the nuclear receptors for retinoids. (mhmedical.com)
  • A 19-year-old female with an 8-year history of progressively debilitating cicatricial HS disease presented with obesity, profound anemia, leukocytosis, increased platelet count, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated liver enzymes. (cassiopaea.org)
  • Previous studies have reported the therapeutic properties of A. iwayomogi on obesity, hyperlipidemia, and liver fibrosis [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, we evaluated the effect of ACE on major manifestations of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver using a high-fat diet mouse model. (hindawi.com)
  • Whether YSY is a potential adjuvant intervention for reducing hyperlipidaemia, atherogenesis, or obesity is unclear. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This study evaluated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of YSY for hyperlipidaemia, atherogenesis, and obesity. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Our findings suggest that YSY is an adjuvant intervention for treating and preventing hyperlipidaemia, atherogenesis, and obesity. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • These effects may be mediated by AMP kinase-induced fat oxidation, leading to reduced intramyocellular and liver triglyceride content. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The liver secretes the triglyceride-rich VLDL that contains apoproteins B-100, C-II, and E into the circulation. (medscape.com)
  • These fatty acids are transported to the liver, where they are used for triglyceride synthesis and are exported as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is elevated in these patients. (medscape.com)
  • PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit slower weight gain, hyperleptinemia, increased oxygen consumption, decreased respiratory quotient, decreased liver triglyceride level and ameliorated hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis when fed a high-fat diet. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults with primary hyperlipidemia ( 1.1 ). (nih.gov)
  • The endogenous lipoprotein pathway refers to lipoproteins and apoproteins that are synthesized in tissues other than the intestines, predominantly in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • In the peripheral tissues, particularly adipose and muscle tissue, VLDL is cleaved by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), extracting most of the triglycerides and forming an IDL that contains apoproteins B-100 and E. IDL can be taken up by the liver through the LDL receptor, or it can be converted to the cholesterol-rich LDL that contains apoprotein B-100. (medscape.com)
  • Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is an example of a primary disorder in which a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase in tissue leads to a type I pattern of hyperlipidemia, with a massive accumulation of chylomicrons in the plasma. (medscape.com)
  • Several cellular receptors for HCV have been proposed, all of which are associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decreased hepatic cholesterol concentrations stimulate the upregulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which increases hepatic uptake of LDL. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of total cholesterol (TC) or non-high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (TC minus HDL-cholesterol). (contemporaryclinic.com)
  • The retail health clinic setting provides a unique opportunity to identify patients with hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular risk factors. (contemporaryclinic.com)
  • [ 1 ] Physical activity also reduces cardiovascular risk, and the combination of statins and high level of physical fitness reduces cardiovascular mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia patients more than either treatment alone. (medscape.com)
  • Figure 1 Liver histology ranging from normal liver to steatohepatitis with fibrosis. (wjgnet.com)
  • The liver lipid deposition was severe and Sirius red staining showed liver fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that Agpat2 deficiency led to more severe hyperlipidemia, liver fibrosis and aggravation of atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, 21 patients were overweight or obese, 19 had hyperlipidemia, six had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and one had periportal fibrosis. (drug-injury.com)
  • Sufferers with conditions connected with raised serum concentrations of myocardial AZD7762 or tissues fibrosis markers such as for example liver organ disease, renal impairment, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intensive wounds, metabolic bone tissue disease, malignancy, connective tissues disorders, chronic. (californiaehealth.org)
  • Because of the lack of consistently effective treatment for primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are commonly used for patients with mild disease to control symptoms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Scavenger receptors are cell membrane proteins that bind chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated and oxidized LDLs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macrophages, through scavenger receptors, take up circulating LDL particles. (contemporaryclinic.com)
  • A growing body of literature implicates the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • Peroxisome Profilerator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that belong to the steroid/ thyroid /retinoid superfamily of receptors (Keller et al. (bodybuilding.com)
  • post-menopausal women with a higher serum FSH (≥78.3 IU/L) had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than those with relatively lower FSH levels (40-78.3 IU/L), and ovariectomized mice had higher serum FSH and lipid levels and reduced hepatic LDL receptor expression. (nature.com)
  • Statins reduce cholesterol biosynthesis through inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity and increase hepatic LDL receptor activity [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increased levels of this protein in the serum may be due to a variety of physiological situations or previously diagnosed comorbidities that may be directly or indirectly related to liver dysfunction. (scielo.br)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear transcriptional co-activator for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The encoded protein contains a zinc finger and is a helicase that appears to be part of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha interacting complex. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • One of our groundbreaking discoveries was the identification of founder mutations in the DYRK1B gene, underlying atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease. (yale.edu)
  • This study will investigate the effect of Agpat2 on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study provided additional insights into the role of adipose tissue in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, Agpat2 knockout (Agpat2-/-) mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas system, which showed severe loss of adipose tissue and fatty liver, consistent with previous reports. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
  • The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as part of the metabolic syndrome, increases significantly with age ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
  • An estimated 30% of adults and 10% of children and adolescents in the United States have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as liver fat content exceeding 5% (Figure 1 )[ 1 - 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • However, bexarotene therapy causes significant side effects like hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism due to crossover activity with retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and liver X receptor (LXR) signaling, respectively. (asu.edu)
  • Scope We aimed at investigating the mechanisms linking hyperlipidemia (HL) with dysfunctional HDL and its main antioxidant enzyme, paraoxonase1 (PON1). (zendy.io)
  • 3 Because statins are metabolized by a specific enzyme system in the liver, they have many drug interactions. (rdhmag.com)
  • 3 Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and grapefruit juice inhibit the liver enzyme that metabolizes statins. (rdhmag.com)
  • Individuals with a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol (familial hyperlipidemia or FH) can be especially vulnerable to metabolic syndrome, but researchers have now found that blocking the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which helps synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, greatly improves the profile of FH-mice affected by metabolic syndrome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, age is also generally associated with increased weight and a sedentary lifestyle, so it is unclear whether the higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia and NAFLD in older people is a function of age per se, excess weight, and/or inactivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Overview of Lipid Metabolism Lipids are fats that are either absorbed from food or synthesized by the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, FXR is critical in regulating lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation, processes critical in the development of cholestasis and fatty liver diseases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Familial LDL receptor deficiency and familial defective apoprotein B-100 are examples of primary defects that can lead to the accumulation of LDL, which corresponds to a type IIa pattern of hyperlipidemia. (medscape.com)
  • Because free glucose is the product of the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase reaction, either type leads to accumulation of liver glycogen, accompanied by fasting hypoglycemia . (medscape.com)
  • Cells may acquire cholesterol via an LDL receptor on the cell membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Rosuvastatin -Rosuvastatin (Crestor) is used for the treatment of high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia. (rdhmag.com)
  • Rosuvastatin acts primarily in the liver. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Moreover, blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor ( FSHR ) gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding. (nature.com)
  • factors (modifiable and non)and byconsequences such as liver disease and malnutrition.at least one hospitalization for ischemic heart disease.vecchiamento that can afflict a man, dysfunctionSEX HORMONESparasympathetic to the sympathetic, to enhance stress what is viagra stoneâ erection, â increase in blood flowoften ne-to the. (dmn.ca)
  • These proteins also serve as ligands to specific receptors, they facilitate transmembrane transport, and they regulate enzymatic activity. (medscape.com)
  • Since the genomic sequence of HCV was determined, progress has been made towards understanding the functions of the HCV-encoded proteins and identifying the cellular receptor(s) responsible for adsorption and penetration of the virus particle into the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, more than 50% of American adults have hyperlipidemia or elevated (inappropriately high) levels of lipids in their bloodstreams. (ashp.org)
  • 2% and at least 1% greater than placebo) are abnormal liver tests, increased AST, increased ALT, increased CPK, and rhinitis. (nih.gov)
  • List the classes of medications used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and their basic mechanisms of action. (ashp.org)
  • In spite of this, the lipid-lowering effect of probucol is rather moderate compared with that of statins, hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors, the most popular lipid-lowering drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia are effective approaches to reduce the incident rate of chronic diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • There is a growing interest in TCM treatment of hyperlipidemia. (hindawi.com)
  • In the last few decades, hundreds of Chinese herbal medicines in the form of compounds, extracts, single herbs, or formulae have been reported to be effective for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia [ 16 ], especially those high-fat diet (HFD) induced cases. (hindawi.com)
  • Thirty of the cases were treated with cholecystectomy and two resolved with ursodeoxycholic acid treatment and discontinuation of the GLP-1 receptor agonist. (drug-injury.com)
  • Understanding these effects will help to determine liver disease pathogenesis and provide better prevention and treatment in the future. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The recommended dosage for adults and for boys and postmenarchal girls aged 10 to 17 years with primary hyperlipidemia is 3.75 grams daily. (nih.gov)
  • BA synthesis in the liver is the primary form of cholesterol catabolism ( Fig. 1 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis affects approximately 3% of the lean population and 19% of obese persons, making it the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease in the country[ 6 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with approximately 170 million people infected worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In patients of chronic liver disease: Start with 1/4th daily dose with gradual adjustments based on aminotransferase levels. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • HAMBURG, Germany ― The investigational incretin receptor agonist pemvidutide produced significant weight loss and other cardiometabolic benefits in a phase 2 randomized trial, adding a different type of "twincretin" to a growing mix of incretin-based weight-loss drugs in development that also offer additional benefits. (medscape.com)
  • those will be great for others who have [fatty liver disease] or hyperlipidemia. (medscape.com)
  • Retatrutide is in development to induce weight loss, while survodutide (Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma), like pemvidutide, is in development to induce weight loss and treat fatty liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • a class of hyperlipidemia agents that bind to bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract. (ashp.org)
  • To produce new bile acid, the liver removes cholesterol from the blood stream, lowering LDL. (ashp.org)
  • Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The impact of exposures on bile acid (BA) signaling and Farnesoid X receptor-mediated gut-liver crosstalk is emerging. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The goal of this minireview is to provide an update on the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis by the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effects on this regulation by exposure to environmental or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In 1929, von Gierke provided the initial description of glycogen-storage disease type I (GSD I) from autopsy reports of 2 children whose large livers contained excessive glycogen. (medscape.com)
  • In the absence of specific and effective therapy for many types of glomerulonephritis, supportive treatments for edema, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and intravascular thrombosis play important roles in reducing the complications associated with the disease. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Liver disease has adverse effect on pharmacokinetic profile, and causes increased systemic exposure of the drug. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • In patients of active liver disease and unexplained raised transaminase levels: Use is contraindicated. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Environmental chemical exposure could affect liver disease development. (aspetjournals.org)