• The handling of lipoprotein particles in the body is referred to as lipoprotein particle metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, led by Dr. Alan T. Remaley, seeks to better understand lipoprotein metabolism and to translate new insights gained from basic biochemistry, cell biology, and transgenic animal models into much-needed clinical advances in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • It takes a village to do a good science" is a motto of Dr. Alan Remaley's team of the Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory. (nih.gov)
  • These effects on lipoprotein metabolism may be exerted through specific modulation of the expression of the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. (cambridge.org)
  • The proteins, termed apolipoproteins, play an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The beta lipoproteins are structural, are never complexed with HDL, and remain throughout the metabolism of the lipoproteins with which they are associated. (medscape.com)
  • Characterization in human plasma Lipoproteins are complex particles that have a central hydrophobic core of non-polar lipids, primarily cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is divided into two pathways, exogenous and endogenous, depending in large part on whether the lipoprotein particles in question are composed chiefly of dietary (exogenous) lipids or whether they originated in the liver (endogenous), through de novo synthesis of triglycerides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipoproteins are aggregates of proteins and lipids that facilitate the circulation of hydrophobic lipids in the body. (wikidoc.org)
  • Lipoprotein disorders can be described as abnormalities in the level of the lipids, which include cholesterol and triglycerides, or as abnormalities in the levels of lipoproteins that include LDL , HDL, VLDL and chylomicrons . (wikidoc.org)
  • Hyperlipoproteinemias generally cause elevations in the affected lipids/lipoproteins and hypolipoproteinemia s generally cause reductions in the affected lipids/lipoproteins. (wikidoc.org)
  • LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. (mcw.edu)
  • Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that are classified by density and electrophoretic mobility. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels were measured at baseline and 18 weeks. (mapi.com)
  • No significant changes were seen in the plasma lipoproteins and the levels of apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a). (mapi.com)
  • The major apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are alpha lipoproteins (ie, apolipoprotein A-I [apo A-I], apo A-II, apo A-IV), which are soluble and can move between different classes of lipoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a nonexchangeable lipoprotein that exists in two forms in humans, apoB-100 and apoB-48. (medscape.com)
  • Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) is composed of a low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle with an apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B100) component that is covalently linked via a disulfide bridge to an apolipoprotein (a) molecule, which is highly homologous to plasminogen. (medscape.com)
  • Whereas most studies have demonstrated a strong association between lipoprotein (a) and the presence and severity of coronary heart disease, other groups have failed to observe such a relationship, which does question the importance of this particle in promoting atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
  • Evidence from a study of human coronary atherosclerosis appears to demonstrate that the pathogenicity of lipoprotein (a) is modulated by concomitant LDL-cholesterol levels. (nih.gov)
  • Lipoprotein(a): a risk factor for atherosclerosis and an emerging therapeutic target. (cdc.gov)
  • Atherosclerosis is initiated by the infiltration and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the vascular wall, which activates the innate and adaptive arm of immunity, thereby causing chronic vascular inflammation. (avhandlingar.se)
  • Lipoprotein subfraction testing is a test that is used to check for the risk of developing cardiac disease like atherosclerosis. (medicalhealthtests.com)
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is central to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (mapi.com)
  • The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency would accelerate atherosclerosis development in low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLr-/-) and apoE (apoE-/-) knockout mice. (eurekamag.com)
  • Background: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) appears to be an early step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (ac.ir)
  • A low HDL cholesterol level is thought to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis because of impaired reverse cholesterol transport and possibly because of the absence of other protective effects of HDL, such as decreased oxidation of other lipoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • TS-containing diets did not increase the cholesterol content of any of the major lipoprotein fractions. (cambridge.org)
  • Correlation analysis of individual variation of controls and index case relatives indicates a substantial level of independence between the major lipoprotein fractions. (bmj.com)
  • The gene, termed low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5), encodes a protein of 1615 amino acids that contains conserved modules which are characteristic of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family. (nih.gov)
  • Apo B-450 is associated with chylomicrons and their remnants, and apo B-100 is associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), VLDL remnants, and intermediate-density lipoprotein. (medscape.com)
  • While it is well established that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat is important in determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, the effects of changing the absolute quantities of the individual fatty acids are less clear. (cambridge.org)
  • Serum lipoprotein concentrations have been compared in samples taken at different times after the incident. (bmj.com)
  • Increased concentrations of serum Lp(a) lipoprotein in patients with primary gout. (bmj.com)
  • After 16 weeks of atherogenic diet (0.1% cholesterol, 10% calories from palm oil) consumption, LDLr-/- LCAT-/- double knockout mice, compared with LDLr-/- mice, had similar plasma concentrations of free (FC), esterified (EC), and apoB lipoprotein cholesterol, increased plasma concentrations of phospholipid and triglyceride, decreased HDL cholesterol, and 2-fold more aortic FC (142 +/- 28 versus 61 +/- 20 mg/g protein) and EC (102 +/- 27 versus 61+/- 27 mg/g). (eurekamag.com)
  • ApoE-/- LCAT-/- mice fed the atherogenic diet, compared with apoE-/- mice, had higher concentrations of plasma FC, EC, apoB lipoprotein cholesterol, and phospholipid, and significantly more aortic FC (149 +/- 62 versus 109 +/- 33 mg/g) and EC (101 +/- 23 versus 69 +/- 20 mg/g) than did the apoE-/- mice. (eurekamag.com)
  • Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), or hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), includes a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to severe, in which concentrations of alpha lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are reduced. (medscape.com)
  • The cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio of both types of red cells correlated closely with the free cholesterol saturation of serum lipoproteins, as defined by the amount of free cholesterol relative to phospholipid and protein in these lipoproteins. (jci.org)
  • A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid (also known as fat) molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. (mcw.edu)
  • Plasma lipoprotein, plasma lipid peroxide, and LDL oxidation studies were performed every 6 weeks. (mapi.com)
  • Chemical and kinetic study of the lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinaemic plasma. (bmj.com)
  • Abetalipoproteinaemic plasma lipoproteins were fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography into two classes on the basis of size. (bmj.com)
  • 100 mg lipoprotein/dL plasma) compared with only 17% of women. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that LCAT deficiency in LDLr-/- and apoE-/- mice fed an atherogenic diet resulted in increased aortic cholesterol deposition, likely due to a reduction in plasma HDL, an increased saturation of cholesteryl esters in apoB lipoproteins and, in the apoE-/- background, an increased plasma concentration of apoB lipoproteins. (eurekamag.com)
  • Acetoacetylated (AcAc) and acetylated (Ac) low density lipoproteins (LDL) are rapidly cleared from the plasma (t1/2 approximately equal to 1 min). (rupress.org)
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of substances released from non-injured and injured bovine arterial endothelial cells on 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells in culture. (lu.se)
  • It was demonstrated that endothelial cell-released non-dialysable (molecular weight cut off 12-14000) substances significantly stimulated 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells. (lu.se)
  • The increase in 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells could be dissociated from cell proliferation. (lu.se)
  • However, in endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell co-culture 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells were not stimulated. (lu.se)
  • Injury to endothelial cells by lipid-soluble smoke particles or ultraviolet light, which reduced total cellular protein by 15-25%, enhanced the endothelial cell release of the substances stimulating 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake. (lu.se)
  • article{e328883f-12c1-4d3a-a8e7-8700ca87f7ac, abstract = {{This study was designed to investigate the effects of substances released from non-injured and injured bovine arterial endothelial cells on 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells in culture. (lu.se)
  • Uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins in vivo is mediated by specific endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Because macrophages, Kupffer cells, and to a lesser extent, endothelial cells metabolize these modified lipoproteins in vitro, it was of interest to determine whether endothelial cells or macrophages could be responsible for the in vivo uptake of these lipoproteins. (rupress.org)
  • LCAT deficiency resulted in a 12-fold increase in the ratio of saturated + monounsaturated to polyunsaturated cholesteryl esters in apoB lipoproteins in LDLr-/- mice and a 3-fold increase in the apoE-/- mice compared with their counterparts with active LCAT. (eurekamag.com)
  • 12] Screening should commence at 2 years trial, small very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), small high- of age if there is a family history of hypercholesterolaemia, early density lipoprotein (HDL), medium low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cardiovascular disease or if the family history is unknown. (who.int)
  • But did you know there is another lipoprotein particle that is rarely screened for and disproportionately affects African Americans at high levels? (blackdoctor.org)
  • High circulating levels of a lipoprotein particle called lipoprotein(a) - commonly known as Lp(a) - can be harmful, are predominately genetically driven, 2-4 and cannot be controlled through diet and exercise. (blackdoctor.org)
  • The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among 25,000 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (a genetic disorder characterized by high low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol levels) was significantly lower than among unaffected relatives, with the prevalence varying by the type of gene mutation, according to a study in the March 10 issue of JAMA. (news-medical.net)
  • Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Elevated Lipoprotein(a): Cascade Testing and Other Implications for Contextual Models of Care. (cdc.gov)
  • Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Lipoprotein(a): Two Partners in Crime? (cdc.gov)
  • Lipoprotein(a) as Part of the Diagnosis of Clinical Familial Hypercholesterolemia. (cdc.gov)
  • To help answer that question, researchers at Western University's Robarts Research Institute have identified that an estrogen receptor, previously shown to regulate blood pressure in women, also plays an important role in regulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. (news-medical.net)
  • The prevalence of insulin resistance and the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in Singapore may be higher than other population because of the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. (gla.ac.uk)
  • hence its cellular and whole body distribution is subject to complex, dynamic regulation by circulating lipoproteins and enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • These data indicate that specific sinusoidal endothelial cells, not the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, are primarily responsible for the removal of these modified lipoproteins from the circulation in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • In addition, elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) increases the risk of coronary heart disease, occur in 1 in 5 people, have a strong genetic basis, and accentuate the cardiovascular risk from FH and other risk factors. (cdc.gov)
  • The evidence for genetic variation in serum lipoprotein is based on the polygenic model and the analysis of the correlation between parents and offspring and the correlation between sibs. (bmj.com)
  • Lipoprotein(a) is a combination of a couple of standard molecules that we all know about. (medscape.com)
  • Lipoproteins are carrier molecules that are used by the body to transport lipid substances through the water-based environment of the blood. (medicalhealthtests.com)
  • The role of lipoprotein (a) in the atherosclerotic process is continually being unraveled, and many of its potential proatherogenic and prothrombotic features have already been elucidated. (nih.gov)
  • Higher levels of nitrated lipoproteins (NT-HDL and NT-LDL) were found in blood and atherosclerotic plaques of patients with coronary artery disease. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • OBJECTIVES--To investigate if serum Lp(a) lipoprotein (Lp(a)), a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases, increases in patients with gout, who frequently also have atherosclerotic disease. (bmj.com)
  • Objective It is well known that total cholesterol becomes less of a risk factor or not at all for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increasing age, but as little is known as to whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), one component of total cholesterol, is associated with mortality in the elderly, we decided to investigate this issue. (bmj.com)
  • Measuring Lipoprotein(a) in Clinical Practice to Reduce the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease? (cdc.gov)
  • A recent review suggested that the use of lipoprotein (Lp) (a) measurement in clinical practice may have clinical and economic benefits for patients, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. (cdc.gov)
  • they are not related to the lipoprotein particles that this article is about. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a consequence of its interaction with LDL, alternative strategies for treating high levels of lipoprotein (a) will be discussed. (nih.gov)
  • Lipoprotein disorders must be initially classified broadly into hypolipidemias and hyperlipidemias corresponding to low or high lipid levels, respectively. (wikidoc.org)
  • Association between nitrated lipoproteins and vascular function in type 2 diabetes. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Large observational studies, such as the INTERHEART study , which involved many nations, show that individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a) have an increased risk for myocardial infarction (MI). (medscape.com)
  • Samsam Shariat S Z A, Mostafavi S A, Khakpour F. Antioxidant Effects of Vitamins C and E on the Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation Mediated by Myeloperoxidase. (ac.ir)
  • Such a modulation of the pathogenicity of lipoprotein (a) may underlie the conflicting results regarding its association with coronary heart disease. (nih.gov)
  • Does oxidized low-density lipoprotein occur in vivo? (portlandpress.com)
  • A histological examination of tissue sections, undertaken after the administration of AcAc LDL or Ac LDL (labeled with either 125I or a fluorescent probe) to rats, dogs, or guinea pigs, was used to identify the specific cells binding and internalizing these lipoproteins in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Dr. Remaley's research has focused on the beneficial role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the so-called "good cholesterol. (nih.gov)
  • We've all heard of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. (blackdoctor.org)
  • Zheng SM, Chen H, Sha WH, Chen XF, Yin JB, Zhu XB, Zheng ZW, Ma J. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulates CD206 positive macrophages upregulating CD44 and CD133 expression in colorectal cancer with high-fat diet. (wjgnet.com)
  • Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. (cdc.gov)
  • In this group, however, there was an inverse linear trend between serum cotinine and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p (cdc.gov)
  • 4O4A: 2.75 Angstrom Crystal Structure of Putative Lipoprotein from Bacillus anthracis. (rcsb.org)
  • [ 1 ] Mendelian randomization studies in large numbers of patients/subjects suggest that if you have an elevated lipoprotein(a), you also have an increased risk for MI and stroke. (medscape.com)
  • Compelling evidence supports a causal role for lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in cardiovascular disease. (nature.com)
  • The goal of this activity is to educate on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and how global/holistic risk management is important for cardiovascular (CV) risk management despite the present lack of availability of Lp(a)-specific therapies. (medscape.org)
  • If you look at LDL cholesterol trials where they gave statins to control LDL, the best predictor at that point of recurrent events was actually the lipoprotein(a) level, not the LDL level. (medscape.com)