Lipids cell cell recognition glycolipids antigens tumor associated carbohydrate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. (lookformedical.com)
as well as glycolipids and polysaccharides. (liverx-receptor.com)
Plant polysaccharides refer to complex and large carbohydrates synthesized by the condensation and dehydration of multiple monosaccharide molecules in plants. (bioglyco.com)
These plant polysaccharides have essential and unique biological activities, including signal recognition, cell connection, immune system regulation, and blood coagulation. (bioglyco.com)

Glycoproteins are relevant as cell-surface receptors, cell-adhesion molecules, immunoglobulins, and tumor antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Glycolipids are important for cell recognition, and are important for modulating the function of membrane proteins that act as receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, they can serve as receptors for cellular recognition and cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
This practice was considered a secret because the co-stimulatory properties of adjuvants were overshadowed by the focus on antigen interactions with T and B cell receptors. (silverchair.com)
The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (CD3 COMPLEX). (edu.au)
Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
Their response involves antigen capture, enhancing their MHC-II presentation receptors and production of chemokines and/or cytokines at the site of inflammation [9]. (fortunejournals.com)

Not all natural oligosaccharides occur as components of glycoproteins or glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
In biology, glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to an organic molecule, creating structures such as glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are by definition covalently bonded to carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
All cells are coated in either glycoproteins or glycolipids, both of which help determine cell types. (wikipedia.org)
The submolecular imaging resolution corroborated by quantum mechanical modeling unveils whole structures and attachment sites of glycans in glycopeptides, glycolipids, N-glycoproteins, and O-glycoproteins densely decorated with glycans. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
However, modulation of transmembrane signaling by cholesterol and/or glycosphingolipids (GSLs), both enriched in lipid rafts, and their interlinked metabolism [ 3 ] , could provide the basis of such an all-encompassing axis. (biomedgrid.com)
Finally, we demonstrated that defective BTLA function can be corrected by restoring intracellular trafficking and by normalizing the lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. (cnrs.fr)

They are normally present as glycans: oligosaccharide chains are linked to lipids or to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins, by N- or O-glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Cell surface proteins and extracellular proteins are O-glycosylated. (wikipedia.org)
Lectins, or proteins that bind carbohydrates, can recognize specific oligosaccharides and provide useful information for cell recognition based on oligosaccharide binding. (wikipedia.org)
Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
And these glycans are really sugar chains, and these sugar chains can be conjugated to proteins and lipids. (glycanage.com)
Proteins and lipids decorated with glycans are found throughout biological entities, playing roles in biological functions and dysfunctions. (bvsalud.org)
Conjugating carbohydrates to proteins is a crucial step in the development of these vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells. (lookformedical.com)

Vered Padler-Karavani is the principal investigator in the Department of Cell Research and Immunology at Tel Aviv University. (glycanage.com)
With several esteemed grants from the European Commission under her belt, Prof. Padler-Karavani has led comprehensive investigations into the immunology of carbohydrates. (glycanage.com)
When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (lookformedical.com)
author = {Matthieu Sawaf and Hélène Dumortier and Fanny Monneaux}, doi = {10.1155/2016/5767106}, issn = {2314-7156}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Immunology Research}, volume = {2016}, pages = {5767106}, abstract = {Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which having a deleterious effect. (cnrs.fr)

Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells. (yale.edu)
The complexity of the human bone marrow, with context to haematological malignancies, is more difficult to elucidate with the present strategies compared to the niche of solid tumors. (fortunejournals.com)
There can, however, be few similarities between the two, as the bone marrow is a common site of metastasis of solid tumors too [6]. (fortunejournals.com)
Relevant information has now been established on solid tumors and their micro-environments, which include immune, endothelial and mesenchymal cells. (fortunejournals.com)

Glycolipids are lipid molecules bound to oligosaccharides, generally present in the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, globosides are neutral lipid molecules. (springer.com)
Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. (edu.au)
This domain interacts with adaptor molecules and activates a cascade which regulates the inflammatory status in cells [12]. (fortunejournals.com)

No. 4,975,278) allows targeted delivery of the drug moiety to tumors, and intracellular accumulation therein, where systemic administration of these unconjugated drug agents may result in unacceptable levels of toxicity to normal cells as well as the tumor cells sought to be eliminated (Baldwin et al (1986) Lancet pp. (justia.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

But our cells are self and the Neu5Gc is presented on self glycans, but it's actually a non-self, a moiety. (glycanage.com)
We know that all cells are covered with a thick layer of glycans. (glycanage.com)
Tumor-associated glycans play a significant role in promoting aggressive and metastatic behavior of malignant cells [ 1 - 5 ], participating in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that promote tumor cell adhesion and migration. (biomedcentral.com)
Among glycans that play a critical role in stromal tumor cell interactions are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to proteoglycans (PGs). (biomedcentral.com)
Type 1 fimbrial adhesin allows the fimbriae of ETEC cells to attach to the mannose glycans expressed on intestinal epithelial cells. (pressbooks.pub)

Transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to normal, non-cancerous cell(s) have been identified as cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy with antibodies. (justia.com)
Identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides, i.e. tumor associated antigens (TAA), allows specific targeting of cancer cells for destruction via antibody-based therapies. (justia.com)

The various blood types are distinguished by the glycan modification present on the surface of blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Of note, with these extraction procedures, GSLs are categorized by their glycan structure, whereas the lipid tails are not determined (Fahy et al. (springer.com)
Currently, her research centers around understanding the mechanisms of glycan immune recognition and responses in both animal models and humans. (glycanage.com)

1.5 million people each year, but controlled use of its cell wall activates macrophages in ways that can be harnessed for therapy. (silverchair.com)
The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (edu.au)

And that's why we get auto xeno antigens that can be recognised by xeno-autoantibodies that bind to these non-human sugars. (glycanage.com)
6) Lysosomes are the pools of metabolites in cells, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)

Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. (univ-nantes.fr)

The role of CS-GAGs in metastasis was tested using the 4T1 murine mammary cell line (10 mice per group). (biomedcentral.com)

The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading killer worldwide, yet the adjuvancy of its cell wall has proven to be a valuable therapeutic tool for vaccination and immunotherapy. (silverchair.com)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. (edu.au)

Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. (easyomics.org)
derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. (easyomics.org)

Therefore, a person with A blood type will have the A antigen and H antigen present on the glycolipids of the red blood cell plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
The assembly and maturation of the cell wall largely relies on the Mtb plasma membrane. (bvsalud.org)

They are very abundant on the surface of the cell, and their interactions contribute to the overall stability of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
Les interactions sucres/protéines (enzymes, lectines) sont au cœur de la communication cellulaire tant extracellulaire (interactions cellule-cellule, cellule-matrice, hôte-pathogène) qu'intracellulaire (GlcNAcylation en tant que modification post-traductionnelle). (univ-nantes.fr)

And it's not simple because you don't have one gene that will determine the sugar coating, actually it relies on a complex metabolic pathway which have a collection of enzymes each taking one sugar unit at a time to assemble these long sugar chains and in cancer, there are specific mutations or changes to these metabolic pathways that lead eventually to a differential sugar coating on cancer cells. (glycanage.com)
The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). (lookformedical.com)

Oligosaccharides can have many functions including cell recognition and cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
The oligosaccharides found on the A, B, and H antigen occur on the non-reducing ends of the oligosaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
Oligosaccharides may be purified from scarce biological samples that are of particular relevance for the carbohydrate-binding protein to be studied. (liverx-receptor.com)

GSLs and cholesterol form a complex (1:3) in which we showed the GSL carbohydrate is reoriented from a membrane perpendicular to parallel format. (biomedgrid.com)
The steroid OH, key for cholesterol binding, is masked by the membrane parallel GSL carbohydrate 'umbrella' [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedgrid.com)
Membrane parallel GSL is far less available for external ligand binding ('trans' recognition)- but may be more prone to lateral ('cis') ligand binding. (biomedgrid.com)

The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)

The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)
Evolution had never been able to invent a cell, whether it's a virus, bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells, that would not be covered with sugar. (glycanage.com)
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)

She is particularly interested in the immunological foundation of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, their effects on cancer and heart diseases, and the development of innovative diagnostics and treatments for these diseases. (glycanage.com)
Furthermore, we found an impaired capacity of BTLA to inhibit T cell activation in SLE due to a poor BTLA recruitment to the immunological synapse following T cell stimulation. (cnrs.fr)

He has published more than 150 scientific articles in the fields of carbohydrate biochemistry, glycobiology, allo- and xeno-transplantation, and regeneratvie medicine. (gu.se)

The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)

Collectively, our results evidence that the BTLA signaling pathway is altered in SLE T cells and highlight the potential of targeting this pathway for the development of new therapeutic strategies in lupus. (cnrs.fr)

During more recent years, his reseach has been conducted in the field of regenerative medicine, focussed on antigen expression and immune recognition of human embryonic stem cells and bioartificial heart valves, the latter tissues being of animal origin. (gu.se)
In addition, CSPG4 and CHST11 were over-expressed in tumor-containing clinical tissue specimens compared with normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. (univ-nantes.fr)

There is great diversity in the binding mechanisms of glycolipids, which is what makes them such an important target for pathogens as a site for interaction and entrance. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to mechanisms of microbe-host interaction, the role of cell stress related to unfolded protein responses (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is characterized in the context of inflammatory and tumorigenic processes using novel tissue-specific mouse models. (intestinal-microbiota.de)

N-Acylphosphatidylserine was also detected in the lipids of pig brain, mouse macrophage tumor cells, and yeast. (gerli.com)

Phosphatidylserine was not shown to be involved in cell signaling through the formation of metabolites (as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol) but is a key component in the activation of various kinases (kinase C, Raf-1 kinase) as well as the blood coagulation process. (gerli.com)

differential targeting of dendritic cell subpopulations in vivo . (intestinal-microbiota.de)
These GC-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GC-CNPs) were not toxic to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), showed enhanced uptake, and displayed better immunostimulatory properties in comparison to the naked GC. (univ-nantes.fr)

In accordance, attempts have been made to establish a link between the immune system and the tumor microenvironment, to comprehend tumor progression and achieve effective therapeutic approaches. (fortunejournals.com)

The storage of iron or copper can prevent their harmful accumulation in cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We have previously demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) on breast cancer cells function as P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the siRNAs for carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 ( CHST11 ) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ( CSPG4 ) was used to investigate the involvement of these genes in expression of surface P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Shigatoxin increased filipin staining of cholesterol, while cell pre-treatment with filipin increased binding of GSL ligands, e.g. (biomedgrid.com)

Moreover, the synapse Arc protein, a key to long term memory/synaptic plasticity [ 28 ], is related to the HIV retrovirus GAG capsid protein, and transports nascent RNA in virus-like exosome particles in, and between, neuronal cells [ 29 ]. (biomedgrid.com)

They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. (lookformedical.com)
Once ingested, these bacteria invade intestinal epithelial cells and translocate to the liver, where they grow inside hepatic cells. (pressbooks.pub)

In previous studies we found that CS/DS-GAGs are expressed on the cell surface of murine and human breast cancer cell lines with high metastatic capacity and that they play a major role in P-selectin binding and P-selectin-mediated adhesion of cancer cells to platelets and endothelial cells [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The term mononuclear phagocyte system has replaced the former reticuloendothelial system, which also included less active phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (lookformedical.com)

Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. (lookformedical.com)
In a significant study [ 45 ], the levels of cholesterol in red cells from autistic patients were found consistently lower than normal red cells, and conversely, the level of GM1 GSL, detected using CTB binding, was increased. (biomedgrid.com)

Much research effort has focused on the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), a potent immunostimulant that is also known as cord factor. (silverchair.com)
For Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the most potent cell wall component that leads to innate immune activation and sepsis ( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)

Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (edu.au)

In cell derived model membranes, cholesterol/GSL masking is also actin dependent [ 18 ] ,suggesting a cytoskeletal role. (biomedgrid.com)

They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. (lookformedical.com)

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. (edu.au)

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. (edu.au)

Yersinia enterocolitica targets cells of the innate and adaptive immune system by injection of Yops in a mouse infection model. (intestinal-microbiota.de)

The H antigen (which indicates an O blood type) serves as a precursor for the A and B antigen. (wikipedia.org)

Follicular Helper Ŧ Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Why Should They Be Considered as Interesting Therapeutic Targets? (cnrs.fr)

This study was performed to identify the carrier proteoglycan (PG) and the sulfotransferase gene involved in synthesis of the surface P-selectin-reactive CS-GAGs in human breast cancer cells with high metastatic capacity, as well as to determine a direct role for CS-GAGs in metastatic spread. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic removal of tumor-cell surface CS-GAGs significantly inhibited lung colonization of the 4T1 murine mammary cell line ( P = 0.0002). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface P-selectin binding depends on CHST11 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Recall that fimbriae are hairlike protein bristles on the cell surface. (pressbooks.pub)

This "depot" was formed by associating the antigen with substances able to persist at the injection site, such as aluminum salts or emulsions. (mdpi.com)

Hung, S.-C., 2014, "Regioselective One-pot Protection, Protection-Glycosylation and Protection- Glycosylation-Glycosylation of Carbohydrates: A Case Study with D-Glucose", Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry , 12(2), 376-382. (sinica.edu.tw)

For example, the chaperone activity of glycolipids has been studied for its relevance to HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms10

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care1

Polysaccharides4

Receptors9

Glycoproteins5

Metabolism4

Proteins9

Immunology4

Solid tumors4

Molecules4

Intracellular2

Glycans5

Polypeptides2

Glycan3

Macrophages2

Sugars2

Degradation1

Metastasis1

Receptor1

Nucleotide1

Immunotherapy1

Humans2

Fatty2

Plasma membrane3

Interactions3

Chains2

Oligosaccharides3

Membrane3

Pathogen1

Mammalian3

GSLs1

Immunological2

Biochemistry1

Inhibit1

Collectively1

Tissues2

Adjuvants2

Mechanisms2

Yeast1

Metabolites1

Dendritic2

Progression1

Accumulation1

Ligands3

Neuronal cells1

EPITHELIAL CELLS2

Endothelial cells2

Found2

Potent2

Consists1

Membranes1

Bacteria1

Cellular1

Recognize1

Innate1

Precursor1

Therapeutic1

Surface4

Substances1

Organic1

Relevance1