Lipid biological membranes cell compartmentation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Indeed, the plasma membrane delimits the intracellular compartment from the extracellular environment and intracellular membranes. (utc.fr)
We found that GML potently altered order and disorder dynamics in the plasma membrane that resulted in reduced formation of LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microclusters. (nature.com)
Mammalian cells are different to Plant cells (which are also eukaryotic), they do not have a cellulose cell wall, and they are bounded by only plasma membrane, so they are sensitive to Osmotic lysis (the bursting or rupturing of the plasma membrane due to osmotic movement of water into the cell when the cell is in a hypotonic environment. (markedbyteachers.com)
Our discoveries have led to a deep understanding of how secretory vesicles interact with the cortical actin network prior to fusing with the plasma membrane to release the neurotransmitter. (edu.au)
We have identified a critical role of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate in coordinating the actin-mediated recruitment of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
This active mechanism allows secretory vesicles to dock with the plasma membrane prior to fusion and is controlled by the effector cdc42. (edu.au)
We demonstrated that the protein Munc18-1 was responsible for the transport of syntaxin-1 to the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
This novel trafficking/chaperoning pathway underpins neurotransmission, as secretory vesicles rely on the zippering of SNARE proteins such as syntaxin-1 to undergo fusion with the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
Following exocytosis, the process of endocytosis is required for neurons to replenish their pools of synaptic vesicles by pinching off vesicles from the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
We demonstrated that Munc18-1 and syntaxin-1A and are organised in nanodomains on the plasma membrane of neurons and neurosecretory cells that control SNARE-dependent neuroexocytosis through lateral trapping in these nanoclusters. (edu.au)
Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)
However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)

Membranes host numerous proteins and are responsible for the exchange of molecules and ions, cell signaling, and cell compartmentation. (utc.fr)
Golgi apparatus is the site where proteins produced by the ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum further packaged and modified before releasing out of the cell through exocytosis. (markedbyteachers.com)
or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. (lookformedical.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
It is specially important previous knowledge regarding the general structure of eukaryotic cells, their compartments and their organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as basic knowledge of the main pathways of cell metabolism. (uab.cat)
Neuromelanin organelles are specialized autolysosomes that accumulate undegraded proteins and lipids in aging human brain and are likely involved in Parkinson's disease. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Within the membrane-bound compartments, different intracellular pH, different enzyme systems, and other differences are isolated from other organelles and cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise, intracellular compartmentalization allows specific sites of related eukaryotic cell functions isolated from other processes and therefore efficient. (wikipedia.org)
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)

High spatial-resolution MSI will elucidate the compartmentation of oil assembly in developing seeds, which is essential for the redesign of lipid biosynthesis in seeds in order to improve yield. (ukri.org)
Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) is a flavin-containing redox enzyme that hydrogenates a variety of unactivated polyprenyl substrates, which are further processed mostly for lipid biosynthesis in archaea or chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)

The claim is that such structures would display minimal life-like behavior (reproductive and potentially evolutive) if the intravesicle ribozymes catalyze their own replication and the production of membrane molecules at the expenses of certain precursors available in the environment. (frontiersin.org)
Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid molecules are critically involved in membrane structures of cells and also provide an energy store and act as signalling molecules within and between cells. (ukri.org)
The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
11. Identify and describe the molecules, structures and processes involved in the relationship and communication of the cell with the external environment and with other cells. (uab.cat)
12. Identify the molecules involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and explain its function in the cycle control system. (uab.cat)

Biological membranes also play a major role in metabolism regulation and cellular physiology (e.g., mitochondrial membranes). (utc.fr)
the double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. (markedbyteachers.com)
The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes while the mitochondrial matrix is the part enclosed by the innermost membrane. (markedbyteachers.com)
MitoQ consequently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide production by these cells. (biomed.news)
Using this procedure revealed the in vivo compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolites and will enable assessment of the distribution of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria during a range of situations in vivo. (biomed.news)
Specifically, we explored how somatic mutations in these genes and substrate availability (lactate, glucose, substrate deprivation) from the extracellular microenvironment affect bioenergetic parameters, including cellular ATP, NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential dynamics. (biomed.news)
Employing cytosolic and mitochondrial FRET-based ATP probes, fluorescent NADH sensors, and the membrane-permeant cationic fluorescent probe TMRM in HCT-116 cells as a model system, we observed that TP53 deletion and KRAS mutations drive a shift in metabolic signatures enabling lactate to become an efficient metabolite to replenish both ATP and NADH following nutrient deprivation. (biomed.news)
Intriguingly, cytosolic, mitochondrial and overall cellular ATP measurements revealed that, in WT KRAS cells, TP53 deficiency leads to an enhanced ATP production in the presence of extracellular lactate and glucose, and to the greatest increase in ATP following a starvation period. (biomed.news)
Moreover, cell population measurements of mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism using a Seahorse analyzer demonstrated that WT KRAS TP53-silenced cells display an increase of the basal respiration and tightly-coupled mitochondria, in the presence of glucose as substrate, compared to TP53 competent cells. (biomed.news)
Furthermore, cells possessing oncogenic KRAS, independently of TP53 status, showed less pronounced mitochondrial membrane potential changes in response to metabolic nutrients. (biomed.news)

As an example, a yeast vacuole is normally acidified by proton transporters on the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)
The subcellular compartmentation of fatty acid transporters is regulated differently by insulin and by AICAR. (edu.pl)

The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, understanding lipid metabolism is important for all areas of the BBSRC remit. (ukri.org)

Stat3-mediated alterations in lysosomal membrane protein composition. (uni-bielefeld.de)

but the discovery of carboxysomes and many other metabolosomes revealed that prokaryotic cells are capable of making compartmentalized structures, albeit these are in most cases not surrounded by a lipid bilayer, but of pure proteinaceous built. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian cells are one of the two types of eukaryotic cells, in which contains many internal membrane bounded structures called organelles, they are separated into different groups in order to increase their efficiency at bringing out particular function, and this is called compartmentalization, however there is processes that requires different organelles working together in order to take place, such as respiration (involves the cytoplasm and mitochondria) and Protein Synthesis (Nucleus, Ribosomes). (markedbyteachers.com)
NMR spectroscopy techniques including 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR have been used to determine the oxidation stage and quality of lipids, to elucidate chemical structures of oxidation products, and to verify oxidation mechanisms. (eurekaselect.com)

Other compartments such as peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell nucleus or the Golgi apparatus are not of endosymbiotic origin. (wikipedia.org)
In general there are 4 main cellular compartments, they are: The nuclear compartment comprising the nucleus The intercisternal space which comprises the space between the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (which is continuous with the nuclear envelope) Organelles (the mitochondrion in all eukaryotes and the plastid in phototrophic eukaryotes) The cytosol Compartments have three main roles. (wikipedia.org)
The destination of synthesized ribosomes for protein translation is rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), which is connected to and shares the same membrane with the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Ribosomes exist within the cell as free ribosomes that free floats within the cytoplasm or fixed ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (markedbyteachers.com)
In contrast to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) that does not have any ribosomes attached to is responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis. (markedbyteachers.com)
Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? (mdpi.com)
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)

Antioxidant enzyme expression, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation in human myometrium with parturition Reproductive Sciences. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)

These interactions and their essential functional consequences for cell surface receptor signalling reactions are excellently reviewed in [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We also study the alterations of these interactions and their biological consequences in the context of co-infections, with pathogens which display opposite sensitivities towards autophagy. (cfatg.org)

Our data reveal that the widely used anti-microbial agent GML also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function. (nature.com)
Adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid dynamics underlie mammary gland remodeling after lactation. (ouhsc.edu)

Eukaryotic cells (from the Greek meaning truly nuclear) can be easily distinguished through a membrane-bound nucleus. (markedbyteachers.com)
1. Recognize the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (uab.cat)
5. Describe the structure, composition and function of the different compartments of eukaryotic cells, as well as the relationships between them. (uab.cat)

One is to establish physical boundaries for biological processes that enables the cell to carry out different metabolic activities at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic mutations in genes involved in oncogenic signaling pathways, including KRAS and TP53, rewire the metabolic machinery in cancer cells. (biomed.news)
We here set out to determine, at the single cell level, metabolic signatures in human colon cancer cells engineered to express combinations of activating KRAS gene mutations and TP53 gene deletions. (biomed.news)

In this essay I would like to talk about the compartmentalisation of the cell and some important processes happen within the cell that requires the corporation of different organelles. (markedbyteachers.com)
Grape berries are extremely rich in K, which is involved in several physiological processes: enzyme activation, cellular membrane transport processes and translocation of assimilates, anion neutralisation, which is essential to the maintenance of membrane potential, and osmotic potential regulation, which controls the plant water relations, turgor maintenance and growth. (benthambooks.com)
4. Describe the transport processes through the cell membranes. (uab.cat)

Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
A feed-forward pathway drives LRRK2 kinase membrane recruitment and activation. (stanford.edu)
Keep flux low until the cell needs a given end product of the pathway. (flashcardmachine.com)

During storage and use of edible oils and other lipid-containing foods, reactions between lipids and oxygen occur, resulting in lipid oxidation and the subsequent development of off-flavors and odors. (eurekaselect.com)
The reactions between α-dicarbonyl compounds (MGO, GO, and 3-DG) and GSH were studied by LC-MS in a cell-free system. (ebsco.com)

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. (lookformedical.com)
Lysosomal Machinery Drives Extracellular Acidification to Direct Non-apoptotic Cell Death. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The nuclear envelope (membrane), a defining characteristic of the eukaryotic cell, was suggested to have arisen as an adaptation for segregating the original archaeal host DNA genome away from the proto-mitochondria, the main source of damaging reactive oxygen species. (wikipedia.org)
A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc. (lookformedical.com)
The compartmentation and distribution of metabolites between mitochondria and the rest of the cell is a key parameter of cell signalling and pathology. (biomed.news)

Our lab focuses on the molecular events that govern vesicular trafficking within presynaptic nerve terminals and neurosecretory cells. (edu.au)
This has allowed us to probe the nanoscopic environment of neurons and neurosecretory cells undergoing communication. (edu.au)

Biological membranes and their related molecular mechanisms are essential for all living organisms. (utc.fr)

Altered membrane events induced selective inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of regulatory P85 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx. (nature.com)
Using four different cancer cell lines, we report that, at clinically relevant concentrations (100-500 nM), MitoQ selectively repressed mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cell respiration, which involved the inhibition of the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and a reduced expression of electron-transfer-chain complexes I to III. (biomed.news)

It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. (lookformedical.com)

Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Current Opinion in Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
2016 ( Journal of Cell Biology ) we found that the Munc18-1 domain 3a hinge-loop controls syntaxin-1A engagement into the SNARE complex during priming. (edu.au)
2016 Journal of Cell Biology ). (edu.au)
Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
There are no prerequisites for studying Cell Biology. (uab.cat)
On the other hand, in a scientific discipline such as Cell Biology where most bibliography and information resources are in English, it is highly recommended that students have at least a basic knowledge of this language. (uab.cat)
Cell Biology is taught in the 1st semester of the 1st year of the degree in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and also in the same period in other degrees of the Sciences and Biosciences Faculty. (uab.cat)
15. Integrate and apply the theoretical knowledge acquired to interpret the results of simple scientific experiments and to solve simple experimental problems of cell biology. (uab.cat)
16. Use the appropriate scientific terminology in the field of cell biology. (uab.cat)

This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
their enzymatic repertoire is highly variable among species, individual cell types and under different physiological conditions. (biorxiv.org)

We have identified a novel mechanism by which dynamin and actin coordinate a series of membrane events that culminate in the formation of bulk endosomes from which new synaptic vesicles emanate at the neuromuscular junction. (edu.au)

The eukaryotic cell is thought to have arisen when an ancestral archaeal cell internalized an aerobic bacterium (the proto-mitochondrion). (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed 'Site #2', that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. (stanford.edu)

Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoxia-induced fatty acid transporter translocation increases fatty acid transport and contributes to lipid accumulation in the heart. (edu.pl)

These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles. (wikipedia.org)

Often, cellular compartments are defined by membrane enclosure. (wikipedia.org)

The paradigm of water transport across the biological membrane has recently changed, when the molecular basis (aquaporins) was first identified by the team of Peter Agre. (benthambooks.com)
We seek to understand the molecular connections between autophagy and antigen presentation and to measure their impact on the diversity of the presentation, especially in the context of self antigens (those of the cell), and non-self antigens (those from pathogens). (cfatg.org)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)

It was thought that compartmentalization is not found in prokaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)

The single membrane-bound peroxisomes exhibit great functional versatility. (biorxiv.org)

On the other hand, oncogenic KRAS in TP53-deficient cells reversed the alterations in cellular ATP levels. (biomed.news)

Accurate and timely assessment of lipid oxidation is critical for effective quality control of food products. (eurekaselect.com)

GML treated T cells have decreased cellular proliferation when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (PMA), concanavalin A (ConA), and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) 13 . (nature.com)
The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line Cancer Cell International. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) stimulates proliferation and inhibits steroidogenesis by bovine theca cells: influence of follicle size on responses to GDF9. (ouhsc.edu)

the nuclear envelope is formed by a double membrane with nuclear pores. (markedbyteachers.com)
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy is the use of the NMR phenomenon to study physical, chemical and biological properties of matter, from the microscopic to the macroscopic. (eurekaselect.com)

Ronan is a lecturer in the section Sustainable world of the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences at NUI Galway and has been working at the University of Galway since 2012. (universityofgalway.ie)

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. (lookformedical.com)
Transport and membrane trafficking in cells Lundsbrunn Spa, Sweden, 7 - 9 May 2004. (edu.pl)

Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we have mechanistically examined if GML affects the signaling and functional output of human primary T cells. (nature.com)

We observed that GML treatment drastically altered the balance of ordered vs. disordered lipid phases in the membrane. (nature.com)
13. List and describe the different phases of the mitotic and meiotic cell division and compare the two types of cell divisions. (uab.cat)

A short-term position at Oxford Brookes just after my PhD allowed me to expand my expertise to ER and Golgi as well as acquiring skills in live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)

In addition, MSn is a particularly important fragmentation method for the structural identification of unknown lipids. (ukri.org)

2. Describe the structure, composition and main characteristics of cell membranes. (uab.cat)

proposed that the evolutionary development of the eukaryotic cell nucleus was triggered by this archaeo-bacterial symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
it contains the DNA information (chromosomes) of the cell and is the site where DNA replication and RNA transcription take place, while the nucleolus is located in the centre of the nucleus containing ribosomes in various stages of synthesis, the nucleolus is also responsible for the manufacture of the ribosomes. (markedbyteachers.com)

Our results reveal subtle differences in the role of GSH in protection against the three typical α-dicarbonyl compounds and in their induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression, and point at a dual biological effect of the α-dicarbonyl compounds, being reactive toxic electrophiles and -as a consequence- able to induce Nrf2-mediated protective gene expression, with MGO being most reactive. (ebsco.com)

However, how GML treatment affects the full T cell activation response from signaling events to effector functions is not well understood. (nature.com)
The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) provides the key signal for activation of T lymphocytes to perform their numerous effector functions in adaptive immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)

Apply the general standards for safety and operations in a laboratory and the specific regulations for the use of chemical and biological instruments, products and materials in consideration of their properties and the risks. (uab.cat)
Handle the standard instruments and materials of physical, chemical and biological testing laboratories for the study and analysis of phenomena on a nanoscale. (uab.cat)
Recognise and analyse physical, chemical and biological problems in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology and propose answers or suitable studies for their resolution, including when necessary the use of bibliographic sources. (uab.cat)

3. Explain the organization and composition of other elements of the cell surface. (uab.cat)
8. Describe the composition of chromatin and its organization in interphase and division cells. (uab.cat)

200,000 (FWHM) at m/z 400, allowing separation of lipid signals from isobaric (ions with the same nominal mass but different exact mass) chemical noise. (ukri.org)

Lysosomes in nutrient signalling: A focus on pancreatic β-cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Phenotypically, MitoQ further inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity and the expression of stem cell markers. (biomed.news)

Anatomy38

Organisms15

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science8

Health Care1

Plasma membrane22

Proteins11

Nucleic acids1

Intracellular4

Biosynthesis3

Molecules8

Mitochondrial10

Transporters3

Metabolism4

LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE1

Structures3

Endoplasmic reticulum7

Protein4

Interactions2

Dynamics2

Eukaryotic cells3

Metabolic4

Processes3

Pathway3

Reactions2

Extracellular2

Mitochondria3

Neurosecretory cells2

Living organisms1

Inhibition2

Signal Transduction2

Biology11

Physiological conditions2

Endosomes1

Archaeal1

Phosphorylation1

Fatty2

Organelles1

Compartments1

Molecular3

Prokaryotic1

Peroxisomes1

Alterations1

Oxidation1

Proliferation3

Nuclear2

Sciences1

Transport2

Main structural1

Functional1

Phases2

Golgi1

Structural1

Characteristics1

Nucleus2

Compounds1

Effector2

Chemical and biological3

Composition2

Signals1

Pancreatic2