Ligands fibroblast growth factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Exogenous medications also have been implicated as etiologic factors, including insulin injections (especially at the injection site), likely due to activation of IGF receptors. (medscape.com)
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Small‑molecule γ‑secretase inhibitors (AL101, MRK‑560, nirogacestat and others) and antibody‑based biologics targeting Notch ligands or receptors [ABT‑165, AMG 119, rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova‑T) and others] have been developed as investigational drugs. (spandidos-publications.com)
and profiling cell-surface receptors on ligand arrays. (genengnews.com)
Immunoglobulins against insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors activate signaling in the orbital fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
Tissue-specific alternative splicing in the second half of Ig-like domain 3 (D3) of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-3 (FGFR1 to -3) generates epithelial FGFR1b-FGFR3b and mesenchymal FGFR1c-FGFR3c splice isoforms. (rcsb.org)
This entry represents a subtype of the immunoglobulin domain, and is found in a diverse range of protein families that includes glycoproteins, fibroblast growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, interleukin-6 receptor, and neural cell adhesion molecules. (embl.de)
This study constitutes the most comprehensive description of the temporal and spatial expression pattern of fgf ligands and receptors during vertebrate development to date. (manchester.ac.uk)
The receptors for insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I are two structurally homologous disulfide-linked multisubunit complexes of apparent Mr = 350,000. (diabetesjournals.org)
The receptors for IGF-I and insulin in skin fibroblasts from this patient were affinity labeled with 125 I-IGF-I and 125 I-insulin, respectively, and visualized by electrophoresis and autoradiography in polyacrylamide gels. (diabetesjournals.org)
Growth factors (also known as trophic factors) bind to cell-surface receptors to initiate signaling pathways that result in the growth and differentiation of numerous different cell types. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Growth Factor Receptors to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Syndecans are thought to function predominantly as coreceptors for other receptors such as integrins, members of the fibroblast growth factor family, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and transforming growth factor β, which need heparin sulfate for signaling. (leonieclaire.com)
Drosophila melanogaster presents a simpler model system in which to study FGF signaling, with only three ligands and two FGF receptors (FGFRs) identified. (biologists.com)
Most Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have N-terminal signal peptides and are secreted from cells, allowing binding to and activation of their cell surface receptors (FGFRs). (biologists.com)
Xu X, Weinstein M, Li C, Deng C. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and their roles in limb development. (medecinesciences.org)
It interacts with heparin and FGF ligands in a way similar to the well-known fibroblast growth factor receptors. (fsrmm.ch)
Functions of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Despite a wealth of data from experiments in vitro, insights have begun to emerge only recently on the normal function of these growth factors in mice and humans, as a result of studies of natural and experimental mutations in the factors and their receptors. (ox.ac.uk)

FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. (wikipedia.org)
[ 6 , 7 ] Agents such as palifermin (recombinant keratinocyte growth factor used to decrease mucositis with chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation) have reportedly produced transient but dramatic acanthosis nigricans-like lesions, presumably due to activation of the FGFR. (medscape.com)
FGF1 is termed the "universal FGFR ligand" because it overrides this specificity barrier. (rcsb.org)
[3] [5] FGF2 binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins which themselves constitute a family of closely related molecules. (wikidoc.org)
CHICAGO, June 5, 2023 - The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced results from an interim analysis of Cohort 1 of the Phase 3 THOR study, evaluating treatment with BALVERSA ® (erdafitinib) versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma (UC) and selected fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations who had received prior treatment with an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-[L]1) agent. (janssen.com)
Autosomal dominant disorders of skeletal and cranial development have been linked to fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR) 2 and FGFR3 . (aacrjournals.org)
FGFR 3 encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved in signaling via interaction with the family of fibroblast growth factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Here we analyze the specificity of FGFR [Heartless (Htl) and Breathless (Btl)]activation by each of the FGF ligands [Pyramus (Pyr), Thisbe (Ths) and Branchless (Bnl)] in Drosophila . (biologists.com)
To examine the role of each ligand in supporting activation of the Htl FGFR, we utilize genetic approaches that focus on the earliest stages of embryonic development. (biologists.com)
When pyr and ths are equivalently expressed using the Gal4 system, these ligands support qualitatively different FGFR signaling responses. (biologists.com)

We have tested simultaneous inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling by novel indolinone derivatives using 14 myeloid, including 11 human leukemic, cell lines. (nih.gov)
The growth/survival signal is initially carried by these receptor ligands - proteins such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - which bind cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (tocris.com)
More specifically, these core proteins carry three to five heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains, i.e. they are proteoglycans, which allow for interaction with a large variety of ligands including fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor -beta, fibronectin and antithrombin -1. (leonieclaire.com)
and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (cdc.gov)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The FGFR3 protein plays a role in bone growth by regulating ossification. (wikipedia.org)
In achondroplasia, the FGFR3 gene has a missense mutation at nucleotide 1138 resulting from either a G>A or G>C. This point mutation in the FGFR3 gene causes hydrogen bonds to form between two arginine side chains leading to ligand-independent stabilization of FGFR3 dimers. (wikipedia.org)
RASopathies are a family of genetic disorders caused by mutations in enzymes that modulate the activity of the MAPK pathway , a group of enzymes which is also one of the most important chemical pathways impacted by the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation in achondroplasia (reviewed here ). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
Chondrocytes within the growth plate drive bone growth by following a highly controlled growth program governed by many molecules produced locally (such as FGFR3 and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)) and elsewhere in the body (such as hormones like growth hormone (GH) (3). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
FGFR3 is a receptor that accepts only signals coming from molecules (the ligands ) called fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs. (treatingachondroplasia.com)
The genetic change involved in this disorder causes the FGFR3 protein to be overly active, which disrupts the normal growth of skull bones and affects skin pigmentation. (medlineplus.gov)
Chen F, Degnin C, Laederich M, Horton WA, Hristova K. The A391E mutation enhances FGFR3 activation in the absence of ligand. (medlineplus.gov)

In malignant acanthosis nigricans, the stimulating factor is hypothesized to be a substance secreted either by the tumor or in response to the tumor. (medscape.com)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The fibroblasts then produce hyaluronan and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and CD4 ligand. (medscape.com)
Like other FGF family members, basic fibroblast growth factor possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development , cell growth , morphogenesis , tissue repair , tumor growth and invasion. (wikidoc.org)
Induced EndoMT in PAECs by inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β led to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the development of a mesenchymal morphology. (surrey.ac.uk)
CD138 is a heparin sulphate proteoglycan that controls tumor cell survival, growth, adhesion and bone cell differentiation in MM (2). (leonieclaire.com)

Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) comprise a family of at least eighteen structurally realted proteins that are involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological cellular processes, including cell growth, differentation, angiogenesis, wound healing and tumorgenesis. (prospecbio.com)
The biological activities of the FGFs are mediated by a family if type I transmembrane tyrosine kinases which undergo dimerization and autophosphorylation after ligand binding. (prospecbio.com)
We demonstrate that the Drosophila FGFs have different activities and that cell migration and differentiation have different ligand requirements. (biologists.com)

This particular family member binds both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor and plays a role in bone development and maintenance. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGF R3) is a type I transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that binds FGF ligands along with heparin or heparin sulfate proteoglycans as co‑factors. (rndsystems.com)
K-RAS has a natural ligand that binds so strongly, no drug candidate tested so far could compete with it. (cscs.ch)

Gain of function mutations in this gene can develop dysfunctional proteins "impede cartilage growth and development and affect chondrocyte proliferation and calcification" which can lead to craniosynostosis and multiple types of skeletal dysplasia (osteochondrodysplasia). (wikipedia.org)
Most, although not all, of the mutations causing skeletal abnormalities involve conserved residues that are predicted to play an important structural role in the correct folding of FGFRs, and substitutions with other residues result in constitutive activation of FGFRs with ligand-independent dimerization (11) . (aacrjournals.org)
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) have been described in patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
Mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor 8 have been found in a small minority of patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] In addition, mutations of the gene encoding chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 7 ( CHD7 ) have been found in some patients with Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, some of whom have features of the CHARGE syndrome (characterized by delayed growth and development, congenital cardiac defects, dysmorphic ears, hearing loss, coloboma of the eyes). (medscape.com)

In support of our structural data, we demonstrate that substitution of three N-terminal residues (Gly-19, His-25, and Phe-26) of FGF2 (a ligand that does not bind FGFR2b) for the corresponding residues of FGF1 (Phe-16, Asn-22, and Tyr-23) enables the FGF2 triple mutant to bind and activate FGFR2b. (rcsb.org)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (Fgf2) is required for the generation of founder cells within the dorsal pseudostratified ventricular epithelium, which will generate the cerebral cortex, but the ganglionic eminences are not affected. (jneurosci.org)
FGF2 , also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene . (wikidoc.org)

Acanthosis nigricans most likely is caused by factors that stimulate epidermal keratinocyte and dermal fibroblast proliferation. (medscape.com)
It was also shown to act on preosteoblasts - in the form of an increased proliferation - after binding to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase . (wikidoc.org)
Growth factors initiate numerous different signaling cascades in order to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. (tocris.com)
Members of both protein families are involved in the signal pathways that regulate cell proliferation, meaning cell division and thereby generation of new body cells, both for the substitution of damaged or old cells or simply for growth. (cscs.ch)
By promoting cell differentiation and proliferation, the FGF family of proteins plays a central role in prenatal development, postnatal growth and various tissue regeneration processes. (fujifilm.com)
The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. (genominfo.org)
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (antibodies-online.cn)

Additionally, transforming growth factor β signals through receptor serine/threonine kinases (RSTKs) and activates downstream SMAD proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes. (tocris.com)
Deregulation of growth factor receptor activity is found in nearly all epithelial tumors, and the expression of mutant forms of growth factor proteins may also lead to cancer . (tocris.com)
Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)
Syndecans are transmembrane proteins with an N-terminal signal sequence and an ectodomain-containing consensus sequences for heparin-binding extracellular ligands including growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, among others. (leonieclaire.com)

Furthermore, PQBP1 knockdown changes the alternative splicing of FGF receptor-2 ( FGFR2 ) transcripts, altering the incorporation of cassette exons that generate receptor variants ( FGFR2 IIIb or IIIc) with different ligand specificities. (xenbase.org)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit transforming growth factor-beta-induced, hyaluronan-dependent, T cell adhesion to orbital fibroblasts. (anaspec.com)
A subset of orbital fibroblasts in the orbit can differentiate into mature, lipid-accumulating cells or de novo adipogenesis. (medscape.com)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)

Procoagulant soluble tissue factor is released from endothelial cells in response to inflammatory cytokines. (anaspec.com)
samples collected a mean of 6.6 years prior to diagnosis) were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, 14 cytokines and chemokines (by bead-based assay), and C-reactive protein (CRP). (nih.gov)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. (surrey.ac.uk)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

Under physiological conditions, the energetic gain resulting from ligand-induced dimerization of extracellular domains overcomes this opposing clash, stabilizing the A-loop-transphosphorylating dimer. (nyu.edu)
This explains how quantitative differences in the stability of ligand-induced extracellular dimerization promotes formation of the intracellular A-loop-transphosphorylating asymmetric complex to varying extents, thereby modulating intracellular kinase activity and signaling intensity. (nyu.edu)

The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals which ultimately influence cell mitogenesis and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, free IGF-1 levels may be elevated in obese patients with hyperinsulinemia, leading to accelerated cell growth and differentiation. (medscape.com)
Written by Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, this review provides an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth and differentiation. (tocris.com)
Our Stem Cells review gives an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth & differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. (tocris.com)
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling controls a vast array of biological processes including cell differentiation and migration, wound healing and malignancy. (biologists.com)
In embryos, these functions include mesoderm induction and patterning, cell growth, migration and differentiation. (biologists.com)
Upon an electrochemical switch, growth factor presentation was reversed, which initiated cellular differentiation along the neuronal lineages. (5dok.org)
The practice of dentistry is likely to be revolutionized by biological therapies based on growth and differentiation factors that accelerate and/or induce a natural biological regeneration. (bvsalud.org)

Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)

No notable changes in either phase were seen for IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and platelet-derived growth factor β polypeptide levels (data not shown), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β concentrations. (cdc.gov)

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), receptor tyrosine kinase ligands promote growth and survival and contribute to AML-associated marrow neoangiogenesis. (nih.gov)

We analyzed serum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels in travelers returning to Germany from Australia. (cdc.gov)

Unfortunately, phosphatases had been deemed completely undruggable because of previous failures to find ligand molecules that bind to them in a selective way. (cscs.ch)
The bone growth plate is a very tight and dense tissue without direct blood flow where only small molecules are able to circulate with some freedom (save this info for later! (treatingachondroplasia.com)

A unique pathogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor gain-of-function mutation promotes formation of the complex responsible for phosphorylation of A-loop tyrosines by eliminating this repulsive force. (nyu.edu)

Since the different forms are found within different tissues the protein is responsible for multiple growth factor interactions. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Polyglutamine-binding protein 1 ( PQBP1 ) is an RNA-splicing factor that, when mutated, in humans causes Renpenning syndrome, an X-linked intellectual disability disease characterized by severe cognitive impairment, but also by physical defects that suggest PQBP1 has broader functions in embryonic development. (xenbase.org)
Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated basic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-2, and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. (wikidoc.org)
Basic fibroblast growth factor has been shown to interact with casein kinase 2, alpha 1 , [13] RPL6 [14] and ribosomal protein S19 . (wikidoc.org)
Similarly, the SWISH method was able to detect a cryptic pocket in the fibroblast growth factor receptor, another major cancer drug target, and in another protein called TEM1. (cscs.ch)
His next research targets are tumour necrosis factors (TNF), a protein family for which conventional drug design has failed so far. (cscs.ch)
He and his team are using their sampling methods to target Nsp1, a viral protein that has been identified as a potential virulence factor and a target for vaccine development. (cscs.ch)

Immuno ligand interactions - If available, a table of immuno-relevant ligands is shown. (guidetopharmacology.org)

TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor have both been found in gastric adenocarcinoma cells, and EGFR expression has been identified in skin cells within acanthosis nigricans lesions. (medscape.com)

In the benign form of acanthosis nigricans, the factor is probably insulin or an insulinlike growth factor (IGF) that incites the epidermal cell propagation. (medscape.com)
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha is structurally similar to epidermal growth factor and is a likely candidate. (medscape.com)

FGF10 is known to be significantly involved with FGF7 (also known as keratinocyte growth factor or KGF). (fujifilm.com)

Although growth factors act on different cell types, the signal pathways they initiate often overlap: for example, both EGF and FGF ensure cell survival by activating PI 3-K and MAPK cascades. (tocris.com)
If elements of these crucial regulatory pathways are malfunctioning, this results in unregulated cell division and, consequently, tumour growth. (cscs.ch)
We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)

At the molecular level, knockdown of PQBP1 in Xenopus animal cap explants inhibits target gene induction by FGF but not by BMP, Nodal or Wnt ligands, and knockdown of either PQBP1 or WBP11 in embryos inhibits expression of fgf4 and FGF4 -responsive cdx4 genes. (xenbase.org)
Of our identified host factors, 54 significantly alter IAV infection upon siRNA knockdown, and two factors, AHNAK and coatomer subunit COPB1, are also essential for productive infection by SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)

abstract = "Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling plays a major role during early vertebrate development. (manchester.ac.uk)

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 and Related Ligands in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (uni-koeln.de)
Their effect on cell growth is particularly relevant in cancer research . (tocris.com)
We used conjugated polymers to develop a novel neural stem cell culture substrate with anchored growth factors to promote cell self-renewal. (5dok.org)

These have been subdivided into insulin-resistance syndromes and fibroblast growth factor defects. (medscape.com)
Control fibroblasts exhibited the usual affinity labeling of the disulfide-linked Mr = 350,000 insulin and IGF-I receptor structures. (diabetesjournals.org)

Furthermore, these FGF ligands are not regulated solely by differential expression, but the sequences of these linked genes have evolved to serve different functions. (biologists.com)
Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)

Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. (antibodies-online.cn)

A large twin study demonstrated that 81 % of the variance of the disease was attributed to additive genetic effects, whereas the remaining 19 % was attributed to unique, unshared environmental factors [10]. (springer.com)
Remarkably, at age 14 years, facial acne in girls was less influenced by genetic factors than in boys and was significantly influenced by common environmental factors [12]. (springer.com)
The molecular and genetic basis of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 disorders: the achondroplasia family of skeletal dysplasias, Muenke craniosynostosis, and Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans. (medecinesciences.org)
I started this article after reading a recently published study in which researchers used a statin to target bone growth impairment in a genetic disorder (1). (treatingachondroplasia.com)

However, mutant RTKs may continue to send proliferative signals even in the absence of growth factor stimulation. (tocris.com)

Interestingly, Nsp1 features no apparent cavities where a ligand could bind, so the search for a cryptic binding pocket could prove decisive in the search for effective treatment. (cscs.ch)

In 2000, the American Diabetes Association established acanthosis nigricans as a formal risk factor for the development of diabetes in children. (medscape.com)
The splicing factor PQBP1 regulates mesodermal and neural development through FGF signaling. (xenbase.org)
Ohuchi H, Kimura S, Watamoto M, Itoh N. Involvement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)18-FGF8 signaling in specification of left-right asymmetry and brain and limb development of the chick embryo. (medecinesciences.org)
Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)

Less common features of Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans include subtle changes in the bones of the spine (vertebrae), abnormalities of the finger bones, and noncancerous growths in the jaw called cementomas. (medlineplus.gov)

The counts of targets and ligands of immunological relevance associated to the disease are also shown. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Finally, we have studied the role of nanoarchitecture of ephrin ligands in Eph receptor activation. (5dok.org)

Anatomy40

Organisms11

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Receptors19

FGFR10

Vascular Endoth4

FGFR38

Tumor6

FGFs3

Binds3

Mutations5

FGF23

Proliferation7

Proteins4

Different ligand1

Orbital fibroblasts2

Death ligand1

Cytokines3

Endothelial cells2

Dimerization2

Differentiation8

Motif3

Platelet-Derive1

Tyrosine kinase1

Chemokine1

Molecules2

Mutation1

Protein8

Interactions1

Gastric1

Epidermal2

FGF101

Pathways3

Knockdown2

Abstract1

Cell3

Insulin2

Genes2

Cascades1

Genetic4

Signals1

Bind1

Development5

Crouzon1

Targets1

Activation1