• This ectodomain component includes an Ig-like V-type domain, where ligands bind the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 40% of those receptor molecules bear endoglycosidase H sensitive glycans responsible of the lectin binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Structural flexibility of the macrophage dengue virus receptor CLEC5A: implications for ligand binding and signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The human C-type lectin-like molecule CLEC5A is a critical macrophage receptor for dengue virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The C-Type Lectin receptor (CRL) is known as the major β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells and is responsible for targeting respiratory fungal pathogens. (lu.se)
  • This finding suggests that this receptor may have the ability to detect ligands from a broader spectrum of pathogens, not limited to fungal origins. (lu.se)
  • On the other hand, the C-terminal which is the cytoplasmic domain of TLRs has a homology with interleukin type-1 receptor (IL-1R), known as Toll 1L-1R receptor (TIR) domain [11]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The 2F1 antibody reacts with mouse KLRG1 (Killer cell Lectin-like Receptor G1). (cytekbio.com)
  • This 30-38 kDa homodimeric receptor may be expressed by activated, mature NK cells and by effector/memory T cells, with potentially different roles in each cell type. (cytekbio.com)
  • KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
  • The modulation of essential players from the BMP pathway was Bethanechol chloride supervised upon treatment with BMP type I receptor inhibitors. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • Distinct receptor-ligand interactions and distinct cytokine milieus lead to the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
  • These studies have identified LY49H as the MCMV-specific activating NK cell receptor and m157 as the cognate viral ligand recognized by LY49H. (nature.com)
  • Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, such as TREM2, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
  • C-type lectin CD209/DC-SIGN and CD209L/L-SIGN proteins are distinct cell adhesion and pathogen recognition receptors that mediate cellular interactions and recognize a wide range of pathogens including, viruses such as SARS, SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, fungi and parasites. (preprints.org)
  • In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The most common and widely studied PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) [8]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Several molecules have been identified as the ligands for NKG2D, including MHC class-I chain-related protein A (MICA), MICB, and UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs). (biolegend.com)
  • The C-type lectin domain containing group 14 family members CLEC14A and CD93 are proteins expressed by endothelium and are implicated in tumour angiogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and the neck/repeat region represent the key features of CD209L family proteins that are also central to facilitating cellular ligand interactions and pathogen recognition. (preprints.org)
  • b) self-assembly of sugar-decorated grid-shaped metal complexes, able to bind multiple lectins (sugar-binding proteins) with concomitant formation of hybrid biopolymers (hierarchical self-assembly where cation binding is followed by sugar-lectin interaction). (europa.eu)
  • The secretions are composed mainly by biogenic amines and steroids, as bufodienolides and bufotoxines, but they also produce proteins and glicoconjugate molecules [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this research project, we successfully developed several original methods (or synthetic small molecules) based on chemistry that allow for selective labeling and imaging target proteins under nearly natural conditions. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Lectins are a diverse group of proteins, both in terms of structure and activity. (embl.de)
  • When examined from the viewpoint of the bound sugar, the structural information accumulated so far on lectins and other proteins that are specific to galactose and glucose (or mannose), provides suggestive evidence for distinct ligand-dependent distribution of hydrogen-bond partners in the combining site. (embl.de)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of Siglec F contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that initiates intracellular signaling upon ligand binding. (fishersci.com)
  • Pediatric patients who survived had higher levels of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted marker and lower levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule than did pediatric patients who died. (cdc.gov)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • The resulting structures combine features of both types of components: i) metal ions with their optical, magnetic and redox properties, potentially sensitive to the environment and ii) ligands bearing functional groups able to recognise other molecules by non-covalent interactions. (europa.eu)
  • The two aromatic amide moieties showed relatively high saturation in the STD spectrum, which suggests that the improved potency of the bis(amides) over the parent dimethyl ester can be attributed to lipophilic interactions between the aromatic groups of the ligand and the binding site of DC-SIGN. (uea.ac.uk)
  • These interactions activate complement via the lectin and classical pathways, respectively. (le.ac.uk)
  • Studies on carbohydrate-lectin interactions. (doktori.hu)
  • Lectin-carbohydrate interactions: different folds, common recognition principles. (embl.de)
  • It is also reported to bind to Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and to the co-stimulatory molecule CD24 also known as HSA (Heat-stable antigen).Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) are I-type lectins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (kactusbio.com)
  • Towards Langerhans cell immune modulation: From ligand identification to antigen delivery and what we can learn from nature. (mpg.de)
  • Experiments with soluble molecules having the N-terminal two domains of human ICAMs identified glycans of the high mannose type N-linked to the second domain of the dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin lectin-ligands ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. (nih.gov)
  • Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and Langerin are C-type lectins of dendritic cells (DCs) that share a specificity for mannose and are involved in pathogen recognition. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
  • also KIM-1 and HAVcr-1) is a 100 kDa, type I transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (1-3). (rndsystems.com)
  • Description: This 1RNM44N monoclonal antibody recognizes mouse CD170, also known as Siglec F. Siglec F is a cell surface lectin belonging to the Ig superfamily that binds glycoconjugates containing sialic acids that are commonly found on various cell types. (fishersci.com)
  • The extracellular component of TREM2 can bind different anionic ligands, specifically glycoproteins and lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • High mannose glycans were absent in ICAM-1, which did not bind to the lectin, but they appeared in ICAM-1 mutants with additional N-linked glycosylation and lectin binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • We show that the group 14 C-type lectins CLEC14A, CD93 and CD248 directly bind to MMRN2 and only thrombomodulin of the family does not. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Due to a common structural element, the amino-terminal lectin-like domain, the selectins are able to bind to carbohydrate ligands. (biovendor.com)
  • This article described a small molecule that can specifically bind to leukemia stem cells (LSC), a special subgroup of leukemia cells that are resistant to chemotherapy, and can regenerate leukemia cells to cause leukemia recurrence. (ca.gov)
  • Peptides featuring the LR(S/T) motif were identified that could specifically bind to the C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL1), a protein preferentially expressed on acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs). (ca.gov)
  • CD314 is a homodimeric C-type lectin-like protein also known as NKG2D. (biolegend.com)
  • The interaction of NKG2D with its ligands plays a role in the immune surveillance against pathogen and tumor cells, and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. (biolegend.com)
  • However, the specific ligand of NTHi responsible for this interaction remains unknown. (lu.se)
  • In this project, our aim is to identify the molecule responsible for the interaction between NTHi and CRL, with the goal of finding a promising target for vaccine development to treat NTHi infections. (lu.se)
  • The most widely studied TLR associated with LPS ligand binding, interaction and downstream activation, is TLR-4. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Investigation of the interaction between peanut agglutinin and synthetic glycopolymeric multivalent ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The interaction between synthetic glycoplymers bearing beta-D-galactose side groups and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) was investigated by UV-difference spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). (ox.ac.uk)
  • UV-difference spectroscopy indicated that the polymer-lectin interaction was stronger than that between PNA and either the corresponding monomer, D-galactose or D-lactose. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They are characterized by an N-terminal Ig-like V-type domain which mediates sialic acid binding, followed by a varying number of Ig-like C2-type domains. (kactusbio.com)
  • CD22 molecule is a transmembrane protein from SIGLEC (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SIGLEC5 is a putative adhesion molecule that mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. (fishersci.com)
  • Zum anderen ist CD22 ein Adhäsionsmolekül, das in die Gruppe der Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin) gehört. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we used a RNA-seq analysis from R. schneideri skin and biochemical tests with the gland secretion to unravel its protein molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides, this is a pioneer study that presented the in depth characterization of protein molecules richness from this toad secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binding was found to be entropically driven, and was accompanied by aggregation and precipitation of protein molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, they have a different origin and are a unique macrophage cell type in the adult organism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, FURIN inhibited Nos2 and promoted the expression of Arg1 , which implies that FURIN regulates the M1/M2-type macrophage balance. (oncotarget.com)
  • Different putative ligand structures have been identified for which the selectins show high affinity. (biovendor.com)
  • The resulting ligand drug conjugates were active in vitro and in vivo. (patsnap.com)
  • What type of PE do you use in your conjugates? (biolegend.com)
  • This small molecule can potentially target and kill LSC. (ca.gov)
  • Towards small molecule-based targeted delivery to immune cells. (mpg.de)
  • Self-assembly of specific molecular architectures from organic ligands and metal cations is a very interesting playground for this endeavour. (europa.eu)
  • The ligands include molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the constituents of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Animal's and microorganisms' secretions, as well as plant extracts, have been used as folk medicine since the dawn of the humanity [ 1 ].Therefore, molecules found in poisons and venoms are interesting, once they were selected by evolution to act in their molecular targets with high specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) interacts with these phosphorylation sites and activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, as well as other signaling molecules such as mTOR, MAPK, and ERK. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the overlap of some signals, it was established that the new ligand interacts with the protein in the same fashion as the parent pseudodisaccharide. (uea.ac.uk)
  • This domain interacts with adaptor molecules and activates a cascade which regulates the inflammatory status in cells [12]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Previous studies have suggested that Ply interacts with various soluble molecules of the immune system, including L-ficolin and IgG. (le.ac.uk)
  • TREM2 binding of ligand results in phosphorylation at 2 tyrosines in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of DAP12 by SRC tyrosine kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ligands for KLRG1 include members of the cadherin family of adhesion molecules, specifically N-Cadherin, E-Cadherin, and R-Cadherin. (cytekbio.com)
  • Multimerin-2 is a ligand for group 14 family C-type lectins CLEC14A, CD93 and CD248 spanning the endothelial pericyte interface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In experimental metastasis studies, researchers demonstrate that liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin (LSECtin) mediated colon cancer cells metastasis to liver displays enhanced abilities to the specific organ [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The binding of dengue virus to CLEC5A triggers signaling through the associated adapter molecule DAP12, stimulating proinflammatory cytokine release. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Three main types of NK cell memory exist, namely hapten-specific NK cell memory, virus-specific NK cell memory and cytokine-induced NK cell memory. (nature.com)
  • This last feature may lead to hierarchical self-assembly, where self-assembled structure binds other molecules forming even larger structures representing higher level of complexity. (europa.eu)
  • In the liver, TREM2 is expressed by several cell types, including macrophages, that respond to injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • The same ligands were tested against Langerin and found to exhibit high selectivity towards DC-SIGN. (uea.ac.uk)
  • A specific, glycomimetic Langerin ligand for human Langerhans cell targeting. (mpg.de)
  • Genetically-encoded fragment-based discovery of glycopeptide ligands for DC-SIGN. (mpg.de)
  • We have crystallized an informative ensemble of CLEC5A structural conformers at 1.9-Å resolution and demonstrate how an on-off extension to a β-sheet acts as a binary switch regulating the flexibility of the molecule. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Structural basis of lectin-carbohydrate recognition. (embl.de)
  • Glycomimetic molecules targeting DC-SIGN have been reported as promising agents for the inhibition of viral infections and for the modulation of immune responses mediated by DC-SIGN. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
  • The mucin-like glycoprotein PSGL-1 (P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1) has been cloned and sequenced. (biovendor.com)
  • The crystal structures of the glycosylated N-terminal two domains of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 provided a framework for understanding the role of glycosylation in the structure and function of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs). (nih.gov)
  • Common mechanisms of recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the different types of cargo are assumed, but very little is known about the shared and specific molecules involved in the phagocytosis of each target by microglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • This domain, which is known as the C-type lectin domain (CTL) or as the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), consists of about 110 to 130 residues. (embl.de)
  • Lectins can be found in many organisms and are involved in a multitude of cellular processes that depend on specific recognition of complex carbohydrates. (embl.de)
  • Lectins are responsible for cell surface sugar recognition in bacteria, animals, and plants. (embl.de)
  • TREM2 is overexpressed in many tumor types and has anti-inflammatory activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single TREM2 molecule can interact with DAP10 and DAP12 at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • To characterize the type from the hMSC-derived cartilaginous tissue attained by GNAS treatment with the various compounds, gene-expression adjustments of the -panel of transient or articular cartilage personal genes were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • It was found that the glycopolymer displayed around a 50 times greater affinity for the lectin than the parent carbohydrate, and around 10 times greater than the monomer, on a valency-corrected basis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now, in collaboration with colleagues at the Karolinska University Hospital, investigated the early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection of NK cells, a cell type in the immune system known to be important in the control of viral infections. (debuglies.com)
  • CD62E (also known as E-selectin, ELAM-1, and LECAM-1) is a 115 kD type I membrane protein and a member of the selectin family. (biolegend.com)
  • While the ligands for E- and L-selectins with primary binding activity have not been identified so far, the functionally most important ligand for P-selectin has been identified. (biovendor.com)
  • However, PSGL-1 does not seem to be the primary ligand for L-selectin. (biovendor.com)
  • DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related protein, also known as L-SIGN, CD299) as a member of C-type lectin belonging to selectin is found high serum concentration in colon cancer patients [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Investigation of the Binding Affinity of a Broad Array of l-Fucosides with Six Fucose-Specific Lectins of Bacterial and Fungal Origin , MOLECULES 24: (12) pp. 2262-2279. (doktori.hu)
  • The ECD contains oneV-type Ig-like domain and a mucin region characterized by multiple PTTTTL motifs. (rndsystems.com)
  • Binding to MMRN2 is dependent on a predicted long-loop region in the C-type lectin domain and is abrogated by mutation within the domain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The N-terminal domain of TLRs is associated with ligand binding. (fortunejournals.com)
  • It has three parts: (i) V-type Ig domain with sia -binding site, (ii) C1-type Ig domain, (iii) C2-type Ig domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tyrosine residues of the ITIMs become phosphorylated with the ligand binding, which leads to activation of SHP-1 ( Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1), SHP-2 ( Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2), SHIP-1 (( Src homology region 2 domain-containing inositol 5′ polyphosphatase-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is likely that the type of NK cell response observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with moderate disease is a canonical NK cell response shared between many types of viral infections, according to the researchers. (debuglies.com)
  • How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
  • The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
  • Additional reported (for the relevant formats) applications include: immunoprecipitation 1,2 , blocking of ligand binding, induction of redirected cell lysis, and costimulation of T cells proliferation 2-7 . (biolegend.com)
  • In dendritic cells, CpG-2722 and 2'3'-c-di-AM(PS)2 showed a cooperative effect on inducing expression of molecules critical for T cell activation. (ijbs.com)
  • In a study published in Science Immunology, researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden show that so-called natural killer (NK) cells were strongly activated early afte r SARS-CoV-2 infection but that the type of activation differed in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. (debuglies.com)
  • This molecule is expressed by monocytic/myeloid lineage cells. (fishersci.com)
  • The different types of memory NK cells differ in terms of their tissue localization patterns. (nature.com)
  • For natural killer (NK) cells, two main types of memory exist. (nature.com)
  • Four hundred cells were evaluated for each CD1 molecule for each study condition. (gsk-3inhibitors.com)
  • Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. (hindawi.com)
  • The desired sugar-decorated grid-like complexes have been successfully obtained via two routes: by self-assembly from ligands (4 ligands and 4 zinc cations) and by component self-assembly (simple mixing of fragments of ligands, which combine by means of chemical bonds forming first the desired ligands, which in turn self-assemble into the grid-like complex). (europa.eu)
  • This is important for bacteria to find food (for example, glucose ) by swimming towards the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (for example, phenol ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Die N-terminale Ig-Domäne von CD22 weist die Bindungseigenschaften eines Lectins auf und bindet spezifisch 2,6-gekoppelte Sialinsäure. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies on mouse models of helminth infections have provided essential findings towards understanding type 2 immunity induction as well as its effector functions [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)