After a ligand binds to the GPCR, it activates a heterotrimeric G-protein, which is composed of three subunits: a guanine nucleotide binding α-subunit, and a βγ-heterodimer (98). (pancreapedia.org)
Metabolic3
Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl or 8-Br-cAMP, no metabolic side effects. (biolog.de)
Hyperammonemia is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated levels of ammonia in the blood. (medscape.com)
Sources of ammonia include bacterial hydrolysis of urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the intestine, the purine-nucleotide cycle and amino acid transamination in skeletal muscle, and other metabolic processes in the kidneys and liver. (medscape.com)
Nitrogenous2
Cyclic nucleotides, like other nucleotides, are composed of three functional groups: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil and thymine). (pancreapedia.org)
Mechanism1
Based on animal study findings, the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity at the molecular level has been proposed. (medscape.com)
Intracellular2
Phosphodiesterases are a complex group of enzymes that help to tightly regulate the degradation of intracellular cyclic nucleotides. (medscape.com)
Intracellular responses to both NO and prostacyclin are mediated by the cyclic nucleotides cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), respectively. (medscape.com)
Pathways2
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, which potentiates the cGMP/cAMP-signaling pathways, abolished the [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations in the tail, leading to a very delayed and sustained [Ca 2+ ] i increase in the head. (silverchair.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Regulate1
We propose that Npr3 acts as a clearance receptor to regulate local concentrations of natriuretic peptides for optimal cGMP production through Npr1 activation, and as a signaling receptor to control cAMP levels through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. (elifesciences.org)
Receptor1
Among the components of this signaling pathway, we show that natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3) plays a pivotal role by differentially regulating two developmental programs through its dual function as clearance and signaling receptor. (elifesciences.org)
A heterogenous group of transient or low voltage activated type CALCIUM CHANNELS. (lookformedical.com)
Concentrations1
3. The extracellular concentrations of NA in the frontal cortex (FC) and in the locus coeruleus (LC) of urethane-anesthetized rats were measured using in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. (researchgate.net)
3. HL-004 simultaneously decreased hepatic cholesteryl ester content and increased free cholesterol in cholesterol-fed rats. (researchgate.net)
Central2
DSP4 reduced endogenous NA levels in all central nervous system (CNS) regions analyzed. (researchgate.net)
The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Found1
Recently the compound 6-(4-(diethylamino)-3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one, or DNMDP was found to be cytotoxic selectively for cells expressing both PDE3A and Schlafen12 (SLFN12) (de Waal L et al. (oncotarget.com)
Effect1
3. These results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of HL-004 can be attributed to a decrease in hepatic VLDL secretion via inhibition of ACAT. (researchgate.net)
Brain1
3. The largest specific binding of [3H]VA-045 was observed in the cerebellum, among seven brain regions, and in subcellular synaptosomes. (researchgate.net)