• 1988. Epidemiologic study of workers exposed to titanium dioxide. (cdc.gov)
  • 1972. Pulmonary deposits of titanium dioxide in man. (cdc.gov)
  • Food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) containing a nanoscale particle fraction (TiO 2 -NPs) is approved as a white pigment (E171 in Europe) in common foodstuffs, including confectionary. (nature.com)
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) ultrathin films with different thicknesses below 20 nm were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on silicon substrates at 300 °C. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements were operated to investigate the effect of thickness on the optical properties of ultrathin films in the spectra range from 200 to 1000 nm with Forouhi-Bloomer (F-B) dispersion relation. (springer.com)
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) became a promising material in different applications for its excellent optical and electrical properties and chemical stability such as large band gap, high refractive index, high dielectric constant, and highly active surface [ 1 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and titanium dioxide - activated carbon composite (TiO 2 -AC) were prepared by sol-gel method for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. (urfu.ru)
  • Titanium dioxide is possible carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) based on sufficient evidence in experimental animals and inadequate evidence from epidemiological studies. (who.int)
  • Titanium dioxide is produced from iron titanate or titanium slag by digesting with sulfuric acid or from ores with a high titanium content by heating with coke and chlorine to form titanium tetrachloride, then oxidizing to titanium chloride. (who.int)
  • Production workers are exposed to sulfuric acid mist or hydrochloric acid and titanium dioxide dust. (who.int)
  • epidemiology studies do not differentiate production of fine titanium dioxide from that of ultrafine (or nano) titanium dioxide. (who.int)
  • A relative risk assessment ranked manufacture of nano- titanium dioxide at 62 (range 0-100), similar to the assigned rank of automotive lead battery manufacture (Robichaud, et al. (who.int)
  • Four U.S. companies manufacture 1.3 million metric tons/year of bulk titanium dioxide, 25% of global production, with the chloride process at eight sites. (who.int)
  • The percentage of titanium dioxide manufactured as nanoparticles has been estimated as 2.5% in 2009 and about 10% by 2015 (Robichaud et al. (who.int)
  • Liao and colleagues transformed mass exposure data from two recent epidemiology studies to surface area measurements for nano-titanium dioxide, calculating that 1 g titanium dioxide had 50 m2 surface. (who.int)
  • Workers in industries using titanium dioxide are also exposed. (who.int)
  • Levels of titanium dioxide exposure in user industries have not been reported. (who.int)
  • There is conflicting evidence as to whether nanoparticles of titanium dioxide can pass through the skin (Kiss et al. (who.int)
  • 2009). If they can, the presence of titanium dioxide in a large variety of cosmetic powders and creams may be a cause of concern. (who.int)
  • Molecular titanium( IV ) phenylhydroxamate complexes were synthesized as structural and spectroscopic models, and compared to functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles. (rsc.org)
  • A polyterthiophene-titanium oxide (P3T+TiO 2 ) composite material was electrochemically synthesized in dichloromethane-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate CH 2 Cl 2 /TBAP containing a monomer (terthiophene) and semiconductor (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles. (degruyter.com)
  • Surface morphologies of the TNAs and titania nanoparticles electrodes were studied using a JEM-2010 transmission electron microscopy (Tokyo, Japan). (sioc-journal.cn)
  • I. Mironyuk, T. Tatarchuk, H. Vasylyeva, V. Gun'ko, I. Mykytyn, Effects of chemosorbed arsenate groups on the mesoporous titania morphology and enhanced adsorption properties towards Sr (II) cations, J. of Molecular Liquids, 282, 587 (2019). (edu.ua)
  • methylpyrrolidone (NMP) yielded a mixed crystal phase of brookite titania with anatase as the minor phase. (aip.org)
  • Therefore, titanium-borate molecules of the second type act as a promoter of the formation of the TiO 2 anatase phase. (edu.ua)
  • Ti3Al intermetallic coatings has been deposited onto titanium alloy VT20 by electrospark deposition method by combination titanium and aluminum electrodes. (lettersonmaterials.com)
  • Electrodes applying such kind of titania nanotubes will have a potential to further enhance the TNAs-based dye-sensitized solar cells efficiencies. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline, polythiophene and polypyrrole are widely used for the fabrication of conducting polymer/titanium oxide composite materials ( 26 ). (degruyter.com)
  • gel Process for Nanocrystalline Photocatalytic Titania, Transparent Functional Coatings and Ceramic Membrane" has been carried out by Mr. Baiju K. V. (azpdf.net)
  • Thin titanium oxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) films were synthesized by supersonic anodization of titanium foil in an aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing HF. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Supersonic Anodization Preparation of Thin Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays Films[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica , 2013, 71(03): 443-450. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • This technique is also applied to obtain a depth profile of a layered battery cathode - initially comprising lithium-nickel-manganese-oxide and lithium-titanium-oxide - after ex situ electrochemical cycling. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Synthesis of aluminide Ti3Al occurred in the liquid phase reaction of titanium and aluminum under the influence of low-voltage electrical discharges. (lettersonmaterials.com)
  • Titanium-borate monodentate molecules Ti(OH) 3 OB(OH) 2 ‧2Н 2 О were formed during the synthesis of the 0.5B-TiO 2 rutile sample. (edu.ua)
  • Two types of titanium-borate molecules are formed in the reaction medium, during the synthesis of 1.0В-TiO 2 and 1.5В-TiO 2 samples. (edu.ua)
  • Titanium nitride thin films have been deposited using reactive direct current magnetron sputtering onto stainless steel substrates. (aip.org)
  • A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction between benzyl alcohols and aryl halides is mediated by a low-valent titanium reagent generated from TiCl 4 (2,6-lutidine) and manganese powder. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • To elucidate the osteoinductive potential of porous substrates with different pore diameters (30 nm, 100 nm), human neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from the inferior nasal turbinate were cultivated on the surface of nanoporous titanium covered membranes without additional chemical or biological osteoinductive cues. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In this research article, an attempt was made to optimize the process parameters of EDM with Nickel Coated Aluminium Electrode for machining Titanium Alloy using Preference Selection Index (PSI). (edp-open.org)
  • In contrast, cultivation on flat titanium and on membranes equipped with 100 nm pores was not sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The use of e-PTFE bar- rier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: a prospective multicenter study. (banglaforexacademy.com)
  • Preliminary results of a two-year inhalation study on rats with titanium tetracloride. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we summarized low elastic modulus titanium alloys, which have great application potential for implant biomaterials. (lidsen.com)
  • The composition of the sample with an additional layer of Al2O3 the products of titanium oxidation not been found, that demonstrating the excellent protective properties of the barrier layer deposited. (lettersonmaterials.com)
  • Visible light (VL) active titania was prepared via ambient condition sol process. (aip.org)
  • Electrochemical anodization of titanium was carried out using a DC power supply (Chenghua, Shanghai, 0~60 V, 0~5 A), interfaced to a computer and equipped with a programmable function to control the current and voltage during an electrochemical process. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Enjoy unlimited access to C&EN digital content, the mobile app, and receive C&EN magazine every week. (acs.org)
  • 5,10 The mc binding mode is analogous to that of a previously synthesized N -alkyl titanium hydroxamate complex, and in the natural product ferrichrome in which an N -alkyl hydroxamic acid chelates iron. (rsc.org)
  • We obtained the crystal structure of the monomeric titanium complex 2 ( Fig. 4 ) by slow crystallization from 1 in ethylene glycol solvent, where labile isopropoxide ligands were replaced by ethylene glycol, which did not chelate in the system, but instead bound to Ti and formed a hydrogen bond with the NH group. (rsc.org)
  • The solution of titanium aqua complex [Ti (OH 2 ) 6 ] 3+ ‧3Cl - was used as a precursor. (edu.ua)
  • Anodic films were grown from titanium by 40 V potentiostatic anodization in dimethyl sulfoxide containing 0.5 mol·L -1 HF (standard 48% aqueous HF) for 24 h using a platinum foil counter electrode. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • In rats orally exposed for one week to E171 at human relevant levels, titanium was detected in the immune cells of Peyer's patches (PP) as observed with the TiO 2 -NP model NM-105. (nature.com)
  • The most common choices for this wetting metal are Titanium, Chromium, and Palladium. (aps.org)
  • We will present the equilibrium conductance through crystalline (defect- and impurity-free) two-terminal graphene junctions attached to normal, spin-unpolarized Titanium metal leads. (aps.org)
  • Titanium tetrabromide is the chemical compound with the formula TiBr4. (wikipedia.org)
  • TNAs were grown from a starting titanium sheet (20~50 mm wide, 99.9% purity) degreased by super-sonicating in 1:1 acetone and ethanol, followed by rinsing with deionized water and drying in air. (sioc-journal.cn)