Abrin, like the similar plant toxin ricin, causes toxicity by inhibiting the formation (synthesis) of proteins in the cells of the exposed individual. (cdc.gov)
The modelling framework is proposed to study protection properties of antibodies to neutralize the effects of the plant toxin (ricin). (biomedcentral.com)
The plant toxin ricin made from the seeds of the castor oil plant is highly toxic to mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)
However, reliable and easy-to-use assays for the detection and discrimination of abrin from related plant proteins such as Abrus precatorius agglutinin or the homologous toxin ricin from Ricinus communis are sparse. (bvsalud.org)
Abrin is a type II RIP obtained from the mature seeds of Abrus precatorius plant that is extremely toxic and has been shown to be 75 times more potent than its well studied sister toxin, ricin. (iisc.ac.in)
Toxicity5
The seeds contain the extremely toxic lectin abrin, whose toxicity is over 30 times that of ricin. (wikipedia.org)
Studies and application of N-glycosidases has always been hampered by the high acute toxicity of the first RIPs known (abrin, modeccin, ricin, viscumin and volkensin) but recently have found less toxic RIPs (ebilin, nigrin and Racemosin) whose management will allow the study of the mechanism of methagenetic action and can also be used as a group control efficacy studies of pronutrients as stimulants of the ribosomal function. (veterinariadigital.com)
McLain DE, Horn TL, Detrisac CJ, Lindsey CY, Smith LA. Progress in biological threat agent vaccine development: a repeat-dose toxicity study of a recombinant ricin toxin A-chain (rRTA) 1-33/44-198 vaccine (RVEc) in male and female New Zealand white rabbits. (umassmed.edu)
The first and only neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against abrin, namely D6F10, was reported from our laboratory and has been shown to rescue toxicity of abrin in cells as well as in mice. (iisc.ac.in)
11. Garber E. A. E. Toxicity and detection of ricin and abrin in beverages // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
Abrus4
Abrin is an extremely toxic plant protein derived from the seeds of the plant Abrus precatorius . (cdc.gov)
Abrin is a toxalbumin made by Abrus precatorius (Rosary Pea, Crab's Eyes, Jequirity), a vine that produces pea-sized bright red with a black splotch seeds that are used as beads and to make rattles. (drugsandpoisons.com)
Abrin, the toxic lectin from the rosary pea plant Abrus precatorius, has gained considerable interest in the recent past due to its potential malevolent use. (bvsalud.org)
Abrus precatorius agglutinin (APA) is a homologue of abrin obtained from the same plant source. (iisc.ac.in)
Proteins3
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Vater CA, Bartle LM, Leszyk JD, Lambert JM, Goldmacher VS. Ricin A chain can be chemically cross-linked to the mammalian ribosomal proteins L9 and L10e. (umassmed.edu)
Type II Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), commonly known as A/B toxins are heterodimers comprising of a catalytically active A chain, an RNA N-glycosidase which inhibits protein synthesis and a lectin-like B chain required for the binding of the toxin to the cell surface and internalization of the same. (iisc.ac.in)
Castor Bean2
Ricin is a toxalbumin present in the seeds ( beans , although not true beans) and other parts of Ricinus communis (Castor Bean). (drugsandpoisons.com)
7. Darby S. M., Miller M. L., Allen R. O. Forensic determination of ricin and the alkaloid marker ricinine from castor bean extracts // Journal of Forensic Science. (medline.ru)
Toxins5
A retrograde trafficking inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins inhibits infection of cells by human and monkey polyomaviruses. (umassmed.edu)
12. Garber E. A. E., Venkateswaran K. V., OBrien T. W. Simultaneous multiplex detection and confirmation of the proteinaceous toxins abrin, ricin, botulinum toxins, and Staphylococcus enterotoxins A, B, and C in food // Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. (medline.ru)
14. Garber E.A.E., Thole J. Application of Microwave Irradiation and Heat to Improve Gliadin Detection and Ricin ELISA Throughput with Food Samples // Toxins. (medline.ru)
Detection of abrin holotoxin using novel monoclonal antibodies //Toxins. (medline.ru)
Monitoring of laying capacity, immunoglobulin Y concentration, and antibody titer development in chickens immunized with ricin and botulinum toxins over a two-year period // Poult. (medline.ru)
Intracellular1
Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
Toxalbumin1
Even though these beans are toxic, containing a toxic plant protein known as abrin, a toxalbumin, they are still widely used as jewelry ornaments, and in percussive musical instruments. (cdc.gov)
Seeds2
These seeds, although chock full of abrin, have a hard water-resistant coat, meaning that if you ingest them they are only toxic if they are chewed or broken. (drugsandpoisons.com)
A. precatorius contains abrin (a type of protein toxin that is related to ricin) within the hard, water-impermeable coating of it's distinctive red and black patterned seeds. (horsedvm.com)
Amino Acids1
Analysis of the crystal structure of abrin A chain revealed that a helix spanning the amino acids 148-167 was present at the core of the protein structure and truncation in this region of the protein possibly results in loss of conformation leading to abrogation of antibody binding. (iisc.ac.in)
Protein synthesis2
Furthermore, the mAb D6F10 rescues inhibition of protein synthesis by abrin in HeLa cells by internalizing in cells along with abrin and possibly occluding the active site cleft of ABA. (iisc.ac.in)
The dimer abrin, is composed of two protein subunits, A and B. Working as a chemical team, B enables the molecule ingress into the cell, while once inside, the A subunit inhibits the process of protein synthesis. (cdc.gov)
Antibody2
In this context, the toxin concentration in the cytoplasm near ER becomes the critical quantity to estimate the toxicological impact of ricin on the cell and evaluate the protective potential of the antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
The antibody prevents cell attachment of abrin at higher concentrations. (iisc.ac.in)
EXPOSURE2
Exposure to even a small amount of abrin may be fatal. (cdc.gov)
Quantification of ricinine in rat and human urine: a biomarker for ricin exposure //Journal of analytical toxicology. (medline.ru)
Potent1
Ricin becomes incredibly more potent when injected or inhaled). (drugsandpoisons.com)
Vaccine3
In spite of abrin being a potential bio-warfare agent, there is no antidote or vaccine available against this toxin till date. (iisc.ac.in)
The study reported in the thesis focuses on understanding the mechanism of neutralization of abrin by the mAb D6F10 and development of a potential vaccine candidate against the toxin. (iisc.ac.in)
The study also highlights that chimeric protein constructs could possibly be developed as potential vaccine candidates for neutralization of abrin intoxication. (iisc.ac.in)
Detection4
Ricin detection: Tracking active toxin // Biotechnology advances. (medline.ru)
Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Abrin in Food Samples // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
13. Garber E. A. E., Walker J. L., O'BRIEN T. W. Detection of abrin in food using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence technologies // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
16. Griffiths G. D., Newman H. V., Gee D. J. Immunocytochemical detection of ricin. (medline.ru)
Type1
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Cells2
Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
Albert is the actual toxin, while Betty is a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) that helps get him inside cells by binding to the cell membrane. (drugsandpoisons.com)
Chain3
Over 20 years ago, I investigated its potential use as an immunotoxin to replace Ricin A chain (plus get around the ricin-based immunotoxin patent). (drugsandpoisons.com)
Ricin consists of an A (RTA) and B (RTB) chain linked by a disulphide bond. (biomedcentral.com)
The A chains of abrin and APA share 67% sequence identity and their crystal structures superimpose very well but unlike abrin the APA A chain does not bind the mAb D6F10. (iisc.ac.in)
Studies2
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
Times1
With symptoms identical to those produced by ricin, though many times more toxic, abrin symptoms include nausea and vomiting, convulsions, followed by liver failure and death, which will take place after several days. (cdc.gov)
Cell2
Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Potential1
Agricultural: If abrin is released into the air as fine particles (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
Food1
Food: Abrin can be used to contaminate food. (cdc.gov)
Major1
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Ricin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Ricin" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)