AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
IsoniazidTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAntitubercular AgentsTuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosisDrug Resistance, MultipleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialRifampinP-GlycoproteinMultidrug Resistance-Associated ProteinsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPyrazinamideAntibiotics, AntitubercularEthambutolDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug ResistanceAnti-Bacterial AgentsTuberculosis, MiliaryGenes, MDRBacterial ProteinsTuberculosis VaccinesLatent TuberculosisDrug Resistance, NeoplasmSputumTuberculosis, Lymph NodeVerapamilDrug Resistance, MicrobialTuberculosis, OsteoarticularTuberculin TestEthionamideDoxorubicinTuberculosis, SpinalDNA, BacterialTuberculosis, CutaneousP-GlycoproteinsProsopisMycobacteriumExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisTuberculosis, GastrointestinalStreptomycinAcinetobacter baumanniiTuberculosis, MeningealAcinetobacter InfectionsMycobacterium bovisATP-Binding Cassette TransportersTuberculosis, BovineMycobacterium smegmatisRhodamine 123Drug Resistance, Multiple, FungalBCG VaccineMenogarilDaunorubicinIndiaTuberculosis, SplenicPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA FingerprintingDirectly Observed TherapyAminosalicylic AcidTuberculosis, PleuralTuberculosis, UrogenitalNogalamycinMolecular Sequence DataGenotypeTyphoid FeverTumor Cells, CulturedBacterial Typing TechniquesMutationSensitivity and SpecificityVault Ribonucleoprotein ParticlesAminosalicylic AcidsMycolic AcidsMolecular EpidemiologyAntibiotics, AntineoplasticFluoroquinolonesVinblastineApiaceaeDrug Screening Assays, AntitumorTuberculosis, OcularAntineoplastic AgentsAntigens, BacterialGenes, BacterialKB CellsCarubicinTime FactorsAnti-Infective AgentsSalmonella typhiTuberculosis, HepaticMycobacteriophagesTuberculosis, Female GenitalAIDS-Related Opportunistic Infectionsbeta-LactamasesCross InfectionCell Line, TumorMultilocus Sequence TypingCatalaseCarbapenemsSouth AfricaSequence Analysis, DNAEuphorbia
StrainsBacteriumPulmonary tuberculosisPyrazinamideLeast isoniazidRifampin and isoniazidMono-resistance to isoniazidSusceptibilityEthambutolMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolatesDiagnosisManagement of drug-resistant tuPrevalenceRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisExtensively drug resistant TBSputumInjectable second-lineLaboratoryAntibioticDrugsBurdenBacteria are resistantPrevention2018DetectionMycobacterialCaused by bacteriaControl of tuberculosisPatients with tuberculosis2019AntimicrobialGlobal tuberculosisDrug resistanceMulti-drug resiMalariaWorld Health OrganTreat tuberculosisPreventive therapyActive tuberculosisIncidenceRegimenSpreadInfection2020Affects the lungsProgrammeSusceptibleCasesAIDSCentreContagiousAirborneMolecular
Strains24
  • Resistant strains of TB are already present in the population, so MDR-TB can be directly transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person. (wikipedia.org)
  • We describe the introduction of various multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, including an NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, through a traveller returning from Egypt, where they had been admitted to a private hospital. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • As MDR-TB strains are often resistant to one or more second-line anti-TB drugs, in-depth genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing is needed to construct personalised treatment regimens to improve treatment outcomes. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Only cases of primary drug resistance are assumed to be due to transmission of drug-resistant strains. (sun.ac.za)
  • Methods: This descriptive study of 63 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis assessed the relative contribution of transmission of drug-resistant strains in a high-incidence community of Cape Town, South Africa, by restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (sun.ac.za)
  • Interpretation: The term acquired drug resistance includes patients infected with strains that truly acquired drug resistance during treatment and patients who were initially infected with or reinfected with a drug-resistant strain. (sun.ac.za)
  • The clinical term acquired drug resistance should be replaced with the term "drug resistance in previously treated cases", which includes cases with drug resistance due to true acquisition as well as that due to transmitted drug-resistant strains. (sun.ac.za)
  • Furthermore, several M. tuberculosis BDQ resistant mutants were isolated by both MDR strains, harboring mutations in both atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • PASER (aminosalicylic acid) granules are a delayed release granule preparation of aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylic acid: 4-aminosalicylic acid) for use with other anti- tuberculosis drugs for the treatment of all forms of active tuberculosis due to susceptible strains of tubercle bacilli. (rxlist.com)
  • In this context, a cohort study was conducted to assess the prevalence of BL strains among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in the Kandy district of Sri Lanka (a popular tourist destination) and its association with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. (hindawi.com)
  • In this context, we undertook a study in Kandy (a popular tourist destination) with the aim of understanding the prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment outcomes associated with BL strains among tuberculosis patients in Kandy, Sri Lanka. (hindawi.com)
  • In every case, the results show approximately ≥80% success rates against MDR-TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains without known resistance to the drugs in the regimen (with the only exception of isoniazid), similar to outcomes with conventional longer regimens. (ersjournals.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are serious threats to the control of tuberculosis and comprise an increasing public health problem. (nepjol.info)
  • The study was performed with an objective to compare Genotype MTBDRplus reverse hybridization probe assay (Hain Lifescince, GmBH, Nehern, Germany) with culture based proportion method for rapidly identifying MDR-TB strains from suspected multi drug resistant cases, referred to GENETUP Kathmandu, Nepal. (nepjol.info)
  • A total of 64 MDR isolates (i.e., at least resistant to RMP and INH), 5 fully susceptible strains and 1 RMP sensitive strains by conventional proportion method were analyzed using Genotype MTBDRplus assay. (nepjol.info)
  • The MTBDRplus assay detected 59 of 61 RMP resistant strains (96.72%) with mutations on 81-bp hot spot region of rpoB gene and 60 of 63 INH resistant strains (95.23%) with mutation in codon 315 katG and regulatory region of inhA. (nepjol.info)
  • Lack of a safe and convenient model organism hampers progress in combating the spread of MDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These triple auxotrophic strains retained their acid-fastness, their ability to generate both a drug persistence phenotype and drug-resistant mutants, and their susceptibility to plaque-forming mycobacterial phages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These M. tuberculosis MDR strains were readily sterilized by second-line tuberculosis drugs and failed to kill immunocompromised mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These strains provide attractive candidates for M. tuberculosis biology studies and drug screening outside the BSL3 facility. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To circumvent the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory when conducting research on M. tuberculosis, we have generated drug-susceptible and drug-resistant triple auxotrophic strains of M. tuberculosis suitable for use in a BSL2 laboratory. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These strains originate from a double auxotrophic M. tuberculosis strain, H37Rv ΔpanCD ΔleuCD, which was reclassified as a BSL2 strain based on its lack of lethality in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The resulting triple auxotrophic M. tuberculosis strains retained characteristics of M. tuberculosis relevant for most types of investigations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is a disease caused by strains The patient had not recovered despite vealed multiple lymph nodes located of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that previous antibiotic therapies. (who.int)
Bacterium9
  • Tuberculosis is caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the bacterium that causes TB, is spread in airborne droplets when people with active disease cough or sneeze. (plos.org)
  • An international team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University has identified a highly promising new anti-tuberculosis compound that attacks the tuberculosis (TB) bacterium in two different ways. (news-medical.net)
  • Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) occurs when the bacterium is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (idsociety.org)
  • Most household members of people with MDR-TB are likely to acquire latent TB infection, in which the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis lives in the body without making a person sick. (mlo-online.com)
  • How can you tell if a bacterium is antibiotic-resistant or susceptible? (onteenstoday.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ), a non-motile, obligately aerobic, intracellular bacterium known to cause Tuberculosis (TB), was discovered by Robert Koch in 1882 [1]. (gideononline.com)
  • Latent TB represents the condition where the body's immune system restricts the growth of M . tuberculosis bacterium, making the individual appear asymptomatic [10]. (gideononline.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing tuberculosis, requires enhanced understanding of its biology in order to identify new drugs against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis as well as uncovering novel pathways that lead to M. tuberculosis death. (elsevierpure.com)
Pulmonary tuberculosis2
  • "BPaMZ" is an all-oral TB treatment regimen consisting of bedaquiline (B) , pretomanid (Pa) , moxifloxacin (M) and pyrazinamide (Z) . BPaMZ is currently being tested in those with drug-sensitive (DS-) as well as those with drug-resistant (MDR-) pulmonary tuberculosis (specifically multidrug-resistant TB and mono-resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) in the pivotal SimpliciTB trial . (tballiance.org)
  • SimpliciTB is evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a novel and potentially shorter drug regimen (BPaMZ) for patients with drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant (MDR-) pulmonary tuberculosis (specifically multidrug-resistant TB and mono-resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin). (tballiance.org)
Pyrazinamide3
Least isoniazid9
  • Of particular concern is the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB defined by bacillary resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, which is MDR-TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs (kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin). (ersjournals.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis caused by organisms that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (who.int)
  • A specific form of drug-resistant TB, due to bacilli resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs. (aidsmap.com)
  • For instance, while many studies observed the association of BL with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB-resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) as in Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, and Georgia, some studies showed no such association [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • BACKGROUND: The increasing problem of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) [ie resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)] is becoming a global problem. (up.ac.za)
  • 19) "Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis" means a laboratory culture or subculture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin. (gamutonline.net)
  • The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
  • She also in the right paratracheal region, and are resistant to at least isoniazid and had poor appetite and failure to gain consolidation on the middle lobe of rifampicin, the 2 most powerful first- weight. (who.int)
Rifampin and isoniazid2
Mono-resistance to isoniazid1
  • Participants with DR-TB (MDR-TB as well as mono-resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin) will receive BPaMZ daily for 6 months. (tballiance.org)
Susceptibility1
Ethambutol2
Mycobacterium tuberculosis27
Isolates8
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • The two M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates were firstly characterized by whole genome sequencing, finding the main mutations responsible for their MDR phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • 11 ] showed that it makes no sense to use a drug to which the patient's isolate is resistant because failure/relapse or death were consistently higher in patients whose isolates had resistance to one or more of the drugs. (ersjournals.com)
  • A commercially available new Genotype MTBDRplus assay was evaluated for its ability to detect mutations in Mycobacterial isolates conferring resistance to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH). (nepjol.info)
  • Among clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, those with mutations in the rpoB gene are associated with 80% to 90% rifampin resistance ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Previously published studies using this assay have demonstrated 90%-100% concordance when results are compared to DST results among M. tuberculosis isolates from culture and 78%-98% sensitivity and 84%-100% specificity when applied to respiratory specimens that were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) ( 5 - 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • METHOD: Consecutive M. tuberculosis isolates identified as MDR-TB during August 2007 to January 2008 using the BACTEC MGIT 960 systems and the agar proportion method were included in this study. (up.ac.za)
  • Interestingly, selection for isoniazid-resistant mutants of the methionine auxotroph generated isolates with single point mutations in katG, which encodes an isoniazid-activating enzyme, whereas similar selection using the arginine auxotroph yielded isoniazid-resistant mutants with large deletions in the chromosomal region containing katG. (elsevierpure.com)
Diagnosis5
  • Tuberculosis control and prevention strategies should be mindful of the changing epidemiology of tuberculosis in London, and provide information, diagnosis and treatment tailored to the specific needs of the capital and its at-risk groups. (bmj.com)
  • The World Health Organization recommends Xpert for initial diagnosis in individuals suspected of having multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) or HIV-associated TB, and many countries are moving quickly toward adopting Xpert. (plos.org)
  • In recent years, Dadaab has experienced a new arrival trend - in addition to those fleeing insecurity, persons with a diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) have crossed the border to seek treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • This definition could lead to misinterpretation of surveillance studies, incorrect evaluation of tuberculosis programmes, and delayed diagnosis and treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant disease. (sun.ac.za)
  • Early diagnosis and treatment plus isolation of people with active disease until they have responded to treatment help prevent tuberculosis from spreading. (msdmanuals.com)
Management of drug-resistant tu1
  • Health Assembly.3 Notwithstanding the achievements over the past decade, prevention and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis require much stronger control which, in turn, requires resolving of weaknesses of health systems. (who.int)
Prevalence3
Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis1
Extensively drug resistant TB4
  • MDR TB includes the subcategory of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB), which is MDR TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolone and to at least one of three injectable anti-TB drugs (i.e., kanamycin, capreomycin, or amikacin). (cdc.gov)
  • Some forms of TB are also resistant to second-line medications, and are called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). (cdc.gov)
  • Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) represents an emerging public health problem worldwide. (who.int)
Sputum4
  • This woman was admitted to isolation and started empirically on a 4-drug regimen in the ED. Tuberculosis was confirmed on sputum testing. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic tests for TB include sputum smear analysis (microscopic examination of mucus coughed up from the lungs for the presence of M. tuberculosis ) and mycobacterial liquid culture (growth of M. tuberculosis from sputum and determination of its drug sensitivity). (plos.org)
  • We enrolled consecutive patients who were initially seen at or referred to the Latvian State Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases from January 2003 to March 2004 with AFB-positive respiratory specimens (sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] specimens) and identified as being at high risk for MDR-TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Time to sputum culture conversion and treatment outcome of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study from urban China. (chinacdc.cn)
Injectable second-line3
  • Extensively drug resistant-tuberculosis is defined as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that is also resistant to any one of the fluoroquinolones and to at least one of three injectable second-line antibiotics (amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin). (who.int)
  • MDR-TB that is also resistant to any one of the fluoroquinolones and to at least one of three injectable second-line medicines (amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin).6 MDR-TB and XDR-TB are principally a result of inadequate or poorly administered treatment regimens. (who.int)
  • A form of drug-resistant tuberculosis in which bacteria are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one injectable second-line drug. (aidsmap.com)
Laboratory4
  • In a striking, unexpected discovery, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have determined that vitamin C kills drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria in laboratory culture. (news-medical.net)
  • To improve multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) detection, we successfully introduced the rpoB gene mutation line probe assay into the national laboratory in Latvia, a country with epidemic MDR-TB. (cdc.gov)
  • There are a variety of laboratory tests used for identifying resistant bacteria. (onteenstoday.com)
  • We reasoned that auxotrophic MDR mutants of M. tuberculosis would provide a safe means for studying MDR M. tuberculosis without the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory. (elsevierpure.com)
Antibiotic9
  • Acquired MDR-TB develops when a person with a non-resistant strain of TB is treated inadequately, resulting in the development of antibiotic resistance in the TB bacteria infecting them. (wikipedia.org)
  • When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. tuberculosis , was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The development of antibiotic resistance is increasingly complicating the treatment of tuberculosis. (fz-borstel.de)
  • A particularly complicated case of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis was managed at the medical clinic of the Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center between November 2018 and the clinic's closure in November 2021: The patient was infected with a strain of tuberculosis that was resistant to virtually all tuberculosis antibiotics. (fz-borstel.de)
  • As part of the largest international research effort ever made to combat tuberculosis, a team of Johns Hopkins and Brazilian experts has found that preventive antibiotic therapy for people with HIV lowers this group's chances of developing TB or dying. (news-medical.net)
  • Nearly 30 percent of global annual deaths from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are due to drug-resistant TB. (idsociety.org)
  • Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Some bacteria are naturally resistant due to an unusually impermeable cell membrane or a lack of the target that the antibiotic attacks. (onteenstoday.com)
  • How can you protect yourself from antibiotic-resistant bacteria? (onteenstoday.com)
  • Dr. Bollinger has worked for more than 40 years with partners in India on a wide range of public health, clinical research, and education programs, including projects focused on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, dengue, antibiotic resistant infections, COVID-19 and other emerging diseases. (hopkinscidi.org)
Drugs22
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs): isoniazid and rifampin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has a variety of causes, but resistance usually due to treatment failure, drug combinations, coinfections, prior use of anti-TB medications, inadequate absorption of medication, underlying disease, and noncompliance with anti-TB drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some mechanisms of drug resistance include: Cell wall: The cell wall of M. tuberculosis (TB) contains complex lipid molecules which act as a barrier to stop drugs from entering the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations: Spontaneous mutations in the TB genome can alter proteins which are the target of drugs, making the bacteria drug-resistant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Because XDR TB is resistant to the most potent TB drugs, patients are left with treatment options that are much less effective. (cdc.gov)
  • The TB bacteria still present in the patient's body develops resistance to drugs commonly used to treat it, including isoniazid and rifampin. (cdc.gov)
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a particularly complicated case, doctors at the Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center treated a patient, who was resistant to virtually all tuberculosis drugs, for the first time with exceptionally high doses. (fz-borstel.de)
  • In an effort to develop and deliver treatments for children with tuberculosis-answering a critical need in public health today-TB Alliance, a not-for-profit organization with the mission to develop better, faster-acting, and affordable drugs for TB, has entered into a collaboration with Svizera Europe, one of the leading global supply and distribution companies for TB treatments. (news-medical.net)
  • With three new and three recently repurposed drugs, treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is more hopeful today than at any time since it emerged in the 1980s and 1990s [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • When TB is resistant to these 2 drugs, it is called multi-drug resistant TB or MDR TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis treatment requires the combination of several antimicrobial drugs to achieve maximal efficacy. (tballiance.org)
  • This is the result of many factors, including the general resistance of M. tuberculosis to several drugs due to its structure and metabolism, its ability to persist in the body by residing in the cells that would normally kill them and its tendency to develop resistance to drug therapy. (tballiance.org)
  • Due to various factors including socioeconomic factors, compliance is poor to anti-tuberculosis drugs, leading to resistance. (preprints.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, defined as tuberculosis resistant to the two first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, poses a serious problem for global tuberculosis control strategies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A condition where a person is resistant with the two most potent drugs namely, isoniazid and rifampicin. (unair.ac.id)
  • It is indicated in TB resistant to first-line drugs, in combination with other drugs. (medscape.com)
  • Since the 1980s, it has focused on the development, production, sales and service of anti-tuberculosis drugs. (hongqipharma.com)
  • 1. People who are allergic to isoniazid, rifampicin and rifamycin antibacterial drugs are forbidden. (hongqipharma.com)
  • In 2009, the Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) implemented programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (PMDT) to diagnose and provide treatment with second-line TB drugs (SLDs) for MDR-TB under programme condition. (who.int)
  • X-ray assay of the right line anti-tuberculosis drugs ( 1 - 3 ). (who.int)
Burden6
  • Twenty-seven countries,1 15 of which are in eastern Europe and central Asia, account for 85% of the total burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • China, India and the Russian Federation together constitute over half the burden but the problem of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is global and present in almost all countries surveyed. (who.int)
  • London accounts for nearly half of the national burden of tuberculosis. (bmj.com)
  • 1. With just 10% of the world population, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in the world. (who.int)
  • Regional Committee for Africa adopted a resolution on scaling up AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria interventions.1 The resolution recognized that both access to and adequate utilization of effective treatment with quality-assured medicines are crucial for reducing the disease burden. (who.int)
  • Conclusion Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis is very prevalent in Pakistan, which may increase burden on health care system and may lead to various complications of tuberculosis. (preprints.org)
Bacteria are resistant1
Prevention4
  • I emailed Peter Cegielski, the team leader for drug-resistant TB at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the senior author on the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report publication. (cdc.gov)
  • Isoniazid is the standard drug for TB prevention in many of the study's host countries. (mlo-online.com)
  • This is why TB tests are common practice in health care settings as is the prevention and disease control of tuberculosis. (gideononline.com)
  • The American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored this new practice guideline on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (cdc.gov)
20181
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
Detection3
Mycobacterial1
  • Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (merckmanuals.com)
Caused by bacteria2
Control of tuberculosis1
  • The care and control of tuberculosis have progressed significantly during the past decade and the incidence of new cases is estimated to have fallen slightly each year since 2003. (who.int)
Patients with tuberculosis3
  • In 2003, 3048 patients with tuberculosis were reported in London, 45% of the national total. (bmj.com)
  • In absolute terms, a third of patients with tuberculosis in London are from Africa and nearly a third from the Indian subcontinent. (bmj.com)
  • More than 40% of patients with tuberculosis in England and Wales live in London. (bmj.com)
20193
  • In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated global tuberculosis (TB) incidence at 10.0 million cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This optimism contrasts starkly with dismal global treatment success rates of 48-56% as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its annual Global Tuberculosis Reports from 2014 to 2019 [ 4 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Nila Djuwita Faried Anfasa Moeloek, SpM (K), Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia during her remarks at 2019 International Tuberculosis Meeting (INA-TIME). (unair.ac.id)
Antimicrobial1
  • Here is a list of some of the leading antimicrobial drug-resistant organisms NIAID is researching. (onteenstoday.com)
Global tuberculosis2
Drug resistance4
  • While country-level data collection and reporting need further improvements, several countries have reported increasing levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. (who.int)
  • Conversely, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis emerges as a result of underinvestment in the Stop TB strategy.2 The emphasis for action therefore needs to be both on strengthening basic control to prevent the emergence of drug resistance and on diagnosing and treating the cases of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis effectively in order to prevent transmission. (who.int)
  • Results of a new study suggest that three new diagnostic tests could each be used to successfully diagnose drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) patients in a quarter of the time taken by the current method. (news-medical.net)
  • Drug resistance implies low treatment success rates ( e.g. 54% for MDR-/rifampicin-resistant TB and 30% for XDR-TB) [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Multi-drug resi7
  • Paser is most commonly used in patients with Multi-drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) or when isoniazid and rifampin use is not possible due to a combination of resistance and/or intolerance. (rxlist.com)
  • Tenzin spent a few days in the hospital in quarantine and ultimately was diagnosed with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB). (idsociety.org)
  • This study aims to explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management mode in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (researchsquare.com)
  • MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis) in China is still stuck in a tough situation due to the lack of unified and standardized management for MDR-TB patients in clinical practice, poor treatment compliance, irregular use of medicine, loss to follow-up, treatment refusal and so on1-4. (researchsquare.com)
  • Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a critical global public health problem. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Multi-drug resistant was found in 29.4% participants. (preprints.org)
  • In addition, Indonesia also facing cases of rifampicin-resistant TB (TB RO) or Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). (unair.ac.id)
Malaria2
  • 1 WHO, Resolution AFR/RC53/R6, Scaling up interventions against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in the African Region. (who.int)
  • While donors have provided TB diagnostic machines to Somalia and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria is scaling up MDR TB treatment, capacity is not yet available to diagnose and treat the large number of patients who require it. (cdc.gov)
World Health Organ3
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) still represents a major public health issue in spite of the significant impact of the efforts made by the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners to improve its control. (ersjournals.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 9.7% of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases are defined as XDR-TB globally. (who.int)
Treat tuberculosis2
Preventive therapy1
  • Contact tracing was conducted for 84% of respiratory symptomatic cases, and among them 22,939 (93% of children in contacts) were put on isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). (who.int)
Active tuberculosis1
  • The radiograph shows a classic posterior segment right upper lobe density consistent with active tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
Incidence6
Regimen1
  • Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. today announced that the European Commission has granted a marketing authorization for Deltyba (delamanid) for use as part of an appropriate combination regimen for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in adult patients when an effective treatment regimen cannot otherwise be composed for reasons of resistance or tolerability. (news-medical.net)
Spread5
  • This process accelerates if incorrect or inadequate treatments are used, leading to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Tuberculosis spread much more widely in Europe when the industrial revolution began in the late nineteenth century. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Drug-susceptible TB and drug-resistant TB are spread the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Female genital TB is usually secondary and results from hematogenous dissemination, lymphatic spread, or direct spread of M tuberculosis from the site of the primary infection. (medscape.com)
  • Tuberculosis is spread mainly when people breathe air contaminated by a person who has active disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Infection4
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Scientists know it as an infection caused by M. tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)
  • This patient is the first worldwide, in whom tuberculosis bacteria with resistance to pretomanid have been described," explains Prof. Christoph Lange, Medical Director at the Research Center Borstel and scientist at the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). (fz-borstel.de)
  • A total of 22,591 (47.6%) TB cases were screened for HIV and 7 cases (0.05%) reported TB/HIV co-infection, and 201 multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases were diagnosed and enrolled for management. (who.int)
20201
Affects the lungs2
  • Tuberculosis most commonly affects the lungs. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs, although it can affect almost any organ in the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Programme2
  • Strengthen the management of childhood TB and Programme Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT). (who.int)
  • a National Tuberculosis Control Programme Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (who.int)
Susceptible2
  • symptoms and radiographic findings do not differentiate multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) from fully susceptible TB. (medscape.com)
  • The document includes recommendations on the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) as well as isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptible TB. (cdc.gov)
Cases15
  • Currently the majority of multidrug-resistant cases of TB are due to one strain of TB bacteria called the Beijing lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases, the vulnerability of immigrants to tuberculosis is increased by occupational exposure, as a recent outbreak of TB among Mexican poultry farm workers in Delaware indicates. (encyclopedia.com)
  • However, data suggest the problem of multidrug resistance is worsening: in 2008, WHO's fourth global report on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance2 noted the highest levels of multidrug resistance ever recorded in a general population, with an estimated half a million cases occurring globally, including 50 000 cases of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • Altogether countries, in their planning for 2008, expected a total of about only 25 000 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to be detected and treated, of which about half would have been treated according to internationally recommended standards, representing only about 3% of the 500 000 estimated new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • Yet treatment is feasible and cost- effective if WHO guidelines are followed, with cure rates of up to 80% among multidrug-resistant cases and up to 60% among extensively drug-resistant cases in low-resource settings. (who.int)
  • 3048 cases of tuberculosis were reported via ETS (the LTBR). (bmj.com)
  • Findings: According to RFLP definitions, 52% (33 cases) of drug-resistant tuberculosis was caused by transmission of a drug-resistant strain. (sun.ac.za)
  • 29 cases) than for single-drug-resistant (no cases) tuberculosis. (sun.ac.za)
  • London public health professionals are driving around the city in an X-ray-equipped 'TB van' to screen for cases of tuberculosis. (medicaldaily.com)
  • There were an estimated 9.9 million new cases of symptomatic tuberculosis and an estimated 1.5 million deaths from the disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This study aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, molecular epidemiology and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) cases in the UK and to determine factors associated with survival. (bmj.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality producing an estimated 8 million new cases leading to 2-3 million deaths annually. (bmj.com)
  • Of those, 15 cases (17.9%) had ofloxacin resistance and 6.0% were resistant to kanamycin and capreomycin. (who.int)
  • 1,3,4 Globally, the proportion of cases with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) 4 is 3.3% among new TB cases and 20% among previously treated TB cases, accounting for about 480 000 people in 2014. (who.int)
  • assay was performed to evaluate the MDR tuberculosis can affect people There were no other cases of tuberculo- disseminated tuberculosis. (who.int)
AIDS2
  • AIDS patients are much more likely to develop tuberculosis because of their weakened immune systems. (encyclopedia.com)
  • This whole issue obviously raises the problem of tuberculosis transmission in congregate settings in hospitals," said Dr Kevin de Cock, Director of the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS, in another session of the conference. (aidsmap.com)
Centre1
  • Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
Contagious1
  • In 2010, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis (TB)-a contagious bacterial disease that usually infects the lungs-and about 1.5 million people died from the disease. (plos.org)
Airborne1
Molecular1
  • Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR in the European Union suggests the occurrence of international transmission. (eurosurveillance.org)