The pigments in the chromatophores are generally classified into two groups: melanin (makes browns, grays, and blacks), and carotenoids (makes reds, oranges, and yellows). (wikipedia.org)
Melanins are an ancient and heterogeneous family of polymeric pigments used throughout the animal kingdom ( Sugumaran, 2002 ). (biologists.com)
Well, there are two melanin pigments responsible for that. (dapperlyclub.com)
Outermost layer4
The outermost layer consists of a lipid-rich waterproofing envelope and an epicuticle containing highly crosslinked proteins. (biologists.com)
The epidermis' outermost layer is known as the stratum corneum. (buzztum.com)
The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. (lecturio.com)
Granules1
In the absence of Mgl, Yellow protein persists at higher levels and melanin granules form ectopically in more proximal layers of the procuticle. (biologists.com)
Similar to cholesterol2
a plant biomimetic active compound, structurally similar to cholesterol, which offers a soothing effect on the skin (anti-inflammatory tested in vitro). (lakshmi.it)
These are structurally and functionally similar to cholesterol, they are contributing to the reduction of cholesterol in the blood when consumed. (researchgate.net)
Functionally1
It consists of functionally distinct layers. (biologists.com)
Lipids1
It contains less natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), lipids, and melanin. (buzztum.com)
Retinal1
While much of the clinical efforts have been directed at imaging the photoreceptors, the ability to resolve other features of the retina is likely to be useful in studying diseases such as glaucoma (lamina cribrosa, nerve fiber layer, ganglion cells), age-related macular degeneration (retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]), and diabetic retinopathy (retinal vasculature). (touchophthalmology.com)
Cholesterol1
Structurally, when EFAs are applied in this lipid mixture, they form lamellar layers with ceramides and cholesterol to reduce TEWL. (regimenlab.com)
Synthesis4
Could the order of synthesis and secretion be sufficient to account for the precision with which cuticle components localize to specific layers? (biologists.com)
Yellow is required for black melanin formation, and its synthesis begins as cuticle is secreted. (biologists.com)
We propose that the tight localization of the melanin synthesis machinery to the distal procuticle depends not only on the timing of its synthesis and secretion, but also on the rapid clearance of these components before synthesis of subsequent cuticle layers. (biologists.com)
Contributes to the natural synthesis process of melanin. (lakshmi.it)
Composition2
It is within this category that glues (and lash glue) fall as their composition are structurally different to that of PSA as they are not based on an elastomer compound like pressure sensitive adhesives are. (thequickflick.com.au)
The development of structure-function properties and valve redesigning was assessed from quantitative (sizes biochemical assays mechanical screening) and qualitative (histology) steps of the geometry morphology composition and mechanical properties of sixteen pairs of structurally unaffected human being aortic and pulmonary heart valves. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Stratum corneum3
The stratum corneum is made of many rows of flattened, dead keratinocytes that protect the underlying layers. (innerbody.com)
Dead keratinocytes are constantly being shed from the surface of the stratum corneum and being replaced by cells arriving from the deeper layers. (innerbody.com)
The stratum corneum or SC is the most important layer of the skin, which protects its inner layers. (buzztum.com)
Epidermis9
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surface. (innerbody.com)
The epidermis rests upon and protects the deeper and thicker dermis layer of the skin. (innerbody.com)
Structurally, the epidermis is only about a tenth of a millimeter thick but is made of 40 to 50 rows of stacked squamous epithelial cells. (innerbody.com)
In most of the body, the epidermis is arranged into 4 distinct layers. (innerbody.com)
In the palmar surface of the hands and plantar surface of the feet, the skin is thicker than in the rest of the body and there is a fifth layer of epidermis. (innerbody.com)
The dermis is the deep layer of the skin found under the epidermis. (innerbody.com)
The papillary layer is the superficial layer of the dermis that borders on the epidermis. (innerbody.com)
The papillary layer contains many finger-like extensions called dermal papillae that protrude superficially towards the epidermis. (innerbody.com)
The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers are the three main layers of the skin. (buzztum.com)
Deeper layers1
The microbiotic barrier consists of microorganisms present on the surface of the skin, but also in the deeper layers. (lakshmi.it)
Dermal1
Analysis of the z-dermal distribution of these parameters highlighted the 2nd 20 µm thickness normalized dermal sub-layer, that follows the DEJ shape, as exhibiting the highest aging differences. (bvsalud.org)
Basal2
They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. (pearltrees.com)
As I will lay out nekkid skin perhaps highly keratinized or fleshy - the most basal, germinal layer of all - on the head and even neck in many cases is a quite defensible option for theropods and perhaps even other dinosaurs. (blogspot.com)
Outer1
[9] This suggests K6hf mutation structurally weakens the companion layer separating the inner and outer root sheath and increases the chances that a beard hair will in-grow. (explained.today)
Skin5
Melanocytes produce the pigment melanin to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation and sunburn. (innerbody.com)
In the thick skin of the hands and feet, there is a layer of skin superficial to the stratum granulosum known as the stratum lucidum. (innerbody.com)
As mentioned above, baby skin is structurally very different from adult skin. (buzztum.com)
So it does it's not for no reason that we know vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin because it is produced when we are exposed to the sunshine and we produce it in the layers of our skin and that's how we get the highest amount of vitamin D is through sun exposure. (functional-medicine.associates)
Variations in Ceramides species within this layer have been linked to most skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, some genetic disorders, dry skin, psoriasis and xerosis. (keyaseth.in)
Produce1
Cuticular phenoloxidases oxidize these catecholemines to quinones, which are used to produce melanin for pigmentation and to crosslink cuticle proteins, a process called sclerotization (see Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
Distinct3
Within the dermis there are two distinct regions: the papillary layer and the reticular layer. (innerbody.com)
Blood vessels in the vertebrate brain are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells that possess distinct functional properties that allow the passage of necessary nutrients yet prevent unwanted entry of specific toxins and pathogens into the brain. (elifesciences.org)
The typical three-layered leaflet structure is present before birth but becomes more distinct with age. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Makes2
The rebalancing action of Ginkgo on melanin makes it an interesting ingredient in cases of hyper or hypopigmentation. (lakshmi.it)
S.I.G.I.L. "subdermal interstitial gridded insulatory layer" an idea I suggested here a while back makes the case that scales, scutes, even osteoderms, have important potential for insulatory adaptions. (blogspot.com)
Nerve1
Other nerve and muscle cells lie just under the epithelial layers. (pearltrees.com)
Found2
Superficial to stratum basale is the stratum spinosum layer where Langerhans cells are found along with many rows of spiny keratinocytes. (innerbody.com)
Mesoglea, also known as mesohyl, is the translucent, non-living, jelly-like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers (i.e., between the ectoderm and endoderm) in the bodies of cnidarians and sponges. (pearltrees.com)
Cells1
Epidermal cells secrete these layers sequentially, synthesizing components of distal cuticle layers before proximal ones. (biologists.com)
Increase1
Photoaging of the temple area evolves as a function of chronic exposure with a more pronounced increase in elastin density, also structurally modified from thin and straight elastic fibers in young volunteers to dense and compact pattern in older ones. (bvsalud.org)
Inner layers1
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. (lookformedical.com)
Cell1
Addressing this limitation, we introduced a novel technique, termed Embedded Extrusion-Volumetric Printing (EmVP), converging extrusion-bioprinting and layer-less, ultra-fast volumetric bioprinting, allowing to spatially pattern multiple inks/cell types. (regenhu.com)