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Morocco's illegal exports of phosphate rock through a controversial conveyor belt has been targeted by what is claimed to be a bomb. (wsrw.org)
As Continental renegotiates its contract with Morocco's national phosphate company, it is still not clear whether the German group intends to limit its operations to Morocco proper or extend them into occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
By 2030, half of Morocco's wind energy production could be generated illegally in occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Since Joe Biden took office in January 2021, the endorsement of Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara has been reiterated. (atlasofwars.com)
Former colonizer of the territory, Spain, which had handed over the territory of Western Sahara to the invading Moroccan forces in 1975, once again in March 2022 rescinded recognition of SADR and accepted Morocco's claim of sovereignty over the territory. (atlasofwars.com)
While no other country than the United States has ever recognized Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara , [2] [3] a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom . (decisivechro276.cfd)

WSRW condemns the four companies' continued support to the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
Most involved the last years have been Enel, Siemens Gamesa and General Electric, through construction of energy infrastructure for the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
A subsidiary of the US company has signed a contract with the Moroccan king's energy firm for a large wind farm in Western Sahara, consistently referring to the location as part of Morocco. (wsrw.org)
Moroccan forces currently occupy over 80% of SADR, also known as Western Sahara, which remains classified by the UN as among the last countries still awaiting decolonization. (atlasofwars.com)
On December 10, 2020, the Donald Trump administration in the US announced that "the United States recognizes Moroccan sovereignty over the entire Western Sahara territory. (atlasofwars.com)
The US government's approval of Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara came in exchange for its normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel on the same day. (atlasofwars.com)
OCP - A Moroccan Gov't owned mining company accused of "Serious Human Rights Violations" by The Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice for operating in The Western Sahara without the consent of the indigenous population. (unitedstill.com)
The Moroccan occupation of most of SADR's territory since 1975 has been receiving increasing Western support, despite a consensus in international law that Morocco has no legitimate territorial claims over SADR, whose right to self-determination is well-recognized. (towardfreedom.org)
Nevertheless, in late 2020, then-U.S. President Donald Trump had announced his decision to open a consulate in occupied Western Sahara, in effect recognizing it as Moroccan sovereign territory. (towardfreedom.org)
To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Governmentand known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (techsb.ca)
The area 446550km2 excludes all disputed territories, while 710850km2 includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front ). (explained.today)
The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. (explained.today)
The UN recognizes neither Moroccan [5] nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Moroccan settlers currently make up more than two thirds of the 500,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara . (decisivechro276.cfd)
According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Morocco is the world's largest producer of phosphate, and contains about 75% of the world's estimated reserves. (wikipedia.org)
For the European Union, most of the phosphorus needed for the country is imported from Russia as it has the world's largest ultra-pure phosphate rock deposits. (mddionline.com)

Silver and lead production in Morocco are the highest in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
Algeria is sandwiched between Tunisia and Morocco on the north coast of Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. (istizada.com)
Please join AAMEG to celebrate excellence in the Australia Africa mining industry at the inaugural 2019 AAMEG Africa Awards from 17:00 on Wednesday 4 September . (africadownunderconference.com)
A territory lying in North-Western Africa, Western Sahara borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. (techsb.ca)
Whilst most conflict over resources in North Africa are emerging over the scarcity of resources such as water , the Western Sahara conflict has the potential to be revived over the presence of valuable resources such as fisheries and phosphate. (techsb.ca)
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . (explained.today)
At its zenith in 1942, the Axis presided over large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia, either through occupation, annexation, or puppet states . (wikipedia.org)
South Sudan has the third-largest oil reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa. (aief.info)
It is bordered by the Red Sea to the northeast and it is the third-largest country in Africa. (aief.info)

Morocco has illegally occupied the territory of Western Sahara since 1975, causing half the Saharawi people to flee. (wsrw.org)
Sahara since 1975. (lu.se)
Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, a part of Western Sahara has been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces . (decisivechro276.cfd)

The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
It separates the areas occupied by Morocco on the coast-side from the inland territory that is under the control of the Polisario Front (PF), recognized by the UN General Assembly as the Sahrawi people's international representative. (atlasofwars.com)
Another security issue is the conflict in the Western Sahara between Morocco and the Polisario Front, with fighting recently breaking out again, ending a 29-year old ceasefire. (atradius.it)
Western Sahara , formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara , is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) , which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou . (decisivechro276.cfd)
In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
Morocco, Western Sahara - M oroccan forces illegally occupying the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) have come under repeated bombardment by the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army (SPLA) . (atlasofwars.com)
Also known as Western Sahara, SADR is a founding member of the African Union (AU) and the continent's last colony, fighting a war for liberation from Morocco. (towardfreedom.org)

The companies fail to explain why they consider Morocco to be a relevant business partner in relation to the conflict mineral. (wsrw.org)
The Swiss-Russian company EuroChem was most likely behind a controversial imports of conflict minerals to Estonia in October. (wsrw.org)
Therefore the potential in Angola is enormous, although the success of the sector depends directly upon the outcome of the civil conflict.The government in Angola has made the rehabilitation of coffee plantations a priority. (africa2trust.com)
The Western Sahara faces new hostilities, and the conflict is turning to a resource-based one. (techsb.ca)

Most people don't know that Algeria is actually the biggest country on the continent, nearly four and a half times larger than France. (istizada.com)
Accordingly, Algeria has the world's 10th largest reserves of natural gas, and the third-largest reserves of shale gas. (istizada.com)
With these large economic statistics, Algeria is one of Africa's largest economies. (istizada.com)
It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east , and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south . (explained.today)

Three countries receive near all of the illegally exported phosphates: Mexico, India and New Zealand. (wsrw.org)

there's no war without trade," the famous quip by Jan Pieterzoon Coen, a leading officer of the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century, not only points to the dark beginnings of capitalism, it also spells out a basic fact: You need money to wage war, loads of it. (cidob.org)
Key offshore markets - particularly large contract buyers in China and India - delayed purchases or were reluctant to accept major tonnage against existing contracts. (einpresswire.com)
Global phosphate markets were subdued during the quarter, as strong Latin American demand was offset by the continued absence of significant engagement from India and a delayed start to the US fall application season. (einpresswire.com)

All stock-exchange registered companies that previously imported from the territory have halted the practice, as it was seen to be in violation of international law or fundamental human rights. (wsrw.org)

In a move that surprised no one, the EU Council has appealed the recent EU Court of Justice stopping EU trade and fisheries in occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
During a press conference last week, Polisario invited the Union to conversations on continuation of fisheries offshore Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Today, the EU Court of Justice has struck a blow to the EU's practice of applying trade and fisheries agreements with Morocco to occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The EU Court of Justice will rule on the Union's trade and fisheries agreements with Morocco in occupied Western Sahara on 29 September. (wsrw.org)
The government with assistance from the World Bank, has set up the Angolan Support Fund for Fisheries Development. (africa2trust.com)

A new automotive factory by a large French OEM in the city of Kenitra will increase vehicle production capacity by 50% in 2021, likely giving a boost to exports. (atradius.it)
By 2021, the new Sudanese government began having second thoughts about the deal and sought new terms that included economic aid ( The Arab Weekly , September 16, 2021). (aberfoylesecurity.com)

This was a setback to Morocco, which had declared a diplomatic victory over SADR prematurely, before any official announcement by the Kenyan government. (towardfreedom.org)
The UN, the AU, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the International Court of Justice all maintain that Morocco has no legitimate territorial claims over SADR. (towardfreedom.org)
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed on 27 February 1976 to fill the legal vacuum in the context of Spain's unfulfilled obligation to lead the territory of Western Sahara to its decolonisation, and the withdrawal of the Spanish administration from the territory. (techsb.ca)

Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified. (explained.today)

Mining contributed up to 35% of exports and 5% of GDP in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco supplies energy generated from solar sources to Europe via undersea cables, and has ambitious plans to increase these exports. (gfmag.com)
That said, the phosphate-mining industry (which accounts for 9% of GDP) held up well, with exports increasing by 4% in 2020. (atradius.it)

The overseeing authority is the Office National de Recherches et d'Exploitations Petrolieres (Office of Research and Petroleum exploitation) under the overall jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, Trade, Energy, and Mines]. (wikipedia.org)
The mining sector is poised for increased participation of private sector companies and also in the fuel sector in natural gas and petroleum extraction. (wikipedia.org)

The statement further claimed that Morocco and Kenya had signed a joint statement agreeing that "in deference to the principle of territorial integrity and non-interference, the Republic of Kenya [had extended] total support to the serious and credible autonomy plan proposed by the Kingdom of Morocco" as the only possible solution to the Sahara issue. (towardfreedom.org)
The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco since 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. (decisivechro276.cfd)

In 1963, following the passing of the information by Spain, on the basis of Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN entered Western Sahara in the list of areas which were not governed independently. (techsb.ca)

Following Spain's withdrawal, Western Sahara was invaded militarily by Morocco and Mauritania. (techsb.ca)
Mauritania administers the western half of the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula. (decisivechro276.cfd)

In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)

The Mexican imports of phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara is picking up pace. (wsrw.org)
Agreement, or the Liberalization Agreement, aimed at liberalizing the European imports from Morocco, is also applied to Western Sahara. (lu.se)

WSRW's latest annual report of the trade , containing the trade data of 2022, shows that four importing companies in the three countries received 92 percent of the exported minerals. (wsrw.org)

In the past Angola has proved to be a world power in terms of agricultural production and at one point was the world's fourth largest coffee producer though this is not the case anymore. (africa2trust.com)

The ceasefire had been secured in August 1991 after the UN Security Council (UNSC) established the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) with the promise of fulfilling the Sahrawi people's right to self-determination. (atlasofwars.com)

The mining industry of Morocco is important to the national economy. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco has an ancient history of extraction of minerals for enhancing its economy. (wikipedia.org)
With well-developed infrastructure, including 130,000 hotel beds, exotic Morocco attracts more than 10 million tourists each year, injecting about $10 billion into the economy. (gfmag.com)
In 2012, large natural gas reserves were discovered in north Mozambique which have the potential to dramatically change the economy. (aief.info)

Its capital is Rabat , while its largest city is Casablanca. (explained.today)

Morocco remains vulnerable to the threat of Islamic extremism. (atradius.it)
The act posed a threat to Swedish mining investor Lukas Lundin, who shortly after in 2007 contributed some $100 million to The Clinton Foundation. (unitedstill.com)

A few days before this statement, the French government cut official development assistance (ODA) to Mali because it believed that Mali's government is "allied to Wagner's Russian mercenaries. (midwesternmarx.com)

We're some-where [around] the 15th-largest farm-ers in Amer-i-ca right now. (spitfirelist.com)

Mining permits and licenses are issued by the department within the framework of Mining Code. (wikipedia.org)

Recent news from Norway has seemed to quell "phosphogeddon" fears as the country recently announced a mining company has found up to 70 billion tonnes of phosphate rock in the south-western part of the country, along with deposits of other strategic minerals like titanium and vanadium which are used in the aerospace and defense industries. (mddionline.com)

The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. (state.gov)
[16] Morocco is a unitary semi- constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. (explained.today)

Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. (explained.today)

The Spanish company today, yet again, refers to the territory as part of Morocco. (wsrw.org)

The companies that are currently importing the goods without the permission from the Saharawi people are Ballance Agri-Nutrients, Ravensdown, Innophos and Paradeep. (wsrw.org)

Continental's controversial contract in occupied Western Sahara is two weeks away from expiration. (wsrw.org)
Saharawis in Bilbao, Spain, demonstrated as a cargo vessel is arriving to pick up more controversial windmill components for occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

Phosphorus, which comes from the phosphate rock, is a non-renewable resource with large deposits controlled by multiple countries. (mddionline.com)
Additionally, earlier this year, global scientists warned that the planet could face a " phosphogeddon " because of supply issues, global uncertainty, and shortages in raw materials as reserves of high-grade phosphate rock deplete. (mddionline.com)
With up to 70 billion tonnes of the rock, and a projected 4,500-meter-deep ore body, Norge Mining - the mining company that discovered the deposits - told Euractive that it would theoretically be capable of meeting global phosphate demand for the next 100 years. (mddionline.com)
Western Sahara Resource Watch calls on the companies that import phosphate rock from the territory and that provide infrastructure for Morocco in the territory that it occupies, to immediately end their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
The Chinese company China Molybdenum - which imported phosphate rock to its subsidiary in Brazil - will no longer purchase phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

It's not easy keeping up with all the different legal proceedings relating to Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Protection of persons acting in good faith under this Act from prosecution, suit or other legal proceedings, except with the sanction of the Central Government, in exercise of the powers conferred by this Act. (legacyias.com)

However, backed by the US, UK, and the EU, Morocco successfully sabotaged the referendum promised by the UN, and MINURSO was reduced to a peace-keeping force. (atlasofwars.com)
This communique, which was made public on Monday, September 19, reiterated, "UN Security Council Resolution 690 (1991)… calls for the self-determination of Western Sahara through a free and fair referendum administered by the UN and the AU. (towardfreedom.org)

The 'Alawi dynasty , which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world . (explained.today)

Specific organizations established to promote the mining sector are the Phosphates Cherifian Office (OCP) in 1920 and the National Hydrocarbon and Mines Agency (ONHYM) in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
The data for the non-Communist countries are from publications of the United Nations, the Organi- zation for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD), publications of US Government agencies, unclassified publications of other in- ternational organizations or individual coun- tries, or are estimates of this Office. (cia.gov)

The scale and geographic spread of protests were the largest since the end of the country's civil war in 2002. (state.gov)

As such, Morocco has no right to exploit the resources in the territory or build infrastructure there without the permission of the Saharawi people. (wsrw.org)
Western Sahara Resource Watch works to uncover the plunder of the territory and to keep the companies and governments accountable for their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla , making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory. (explained.today)
Western Sahara is listed by the United Nations (UN) as a non- decolonized territory and is thus included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories , which regards Spain as the de jure administering state. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Although the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) treats the status of Western Sahara as 'undetermined', its lack of reference to its current effective partition, considering the existence of the Polisario-held areas, indicates an acceptance of Morocco as the administering power in the entire territory. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Our offshore investments in Arab Potash Company (APC) in Jordan, Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile S.A. (SQM) in Chile and Israel Chemical Ltd. (ICL) in Israel contributed $85 million to earnings for the quarter. (einpresswire.com)

We work totally independently and to a large extent voluntarily. (wsrw.org)

47.8% of the population adhere to Christianity, making it the largest religion in the country. (alquds.edu)

The occupying power has received key gestures of support from Western powers since fighting resumed, which many argue has emboldened it even further. (atlasofwars.com)
The political situation is rather stable, with King Mohammed VI holding most political power in his hands, while the powers of the parliament and government are limited. (atradius.it)

the fabric of society has been torn asunder, sovereign nations collapse under their own burdens, once stable governments are ushered into revolution and allies of old are thrust into war. (blogspot.com)

Rumours have been circulating the last five days that a bomb had destroyed a section of the 100 kilometer conveyor belt that Morocco uses to export the phosphates from the mine deep inside the part of Western Sahara that it occupies and the coast. (wsrw.org)

Mining legislation in force includes the Mining code Bill no. 1-73-412 of August 13, 1973, and corresponding orders of the Directorate of Mines. (wikipedia.org)

With the discovery, Norway's minister of trade and industry said the government is considering fast-tracking a large mine in the area. (mddionline.com)

A gas pipeline is scheduled from Nigeria to Morocco - through Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

The country intends to observe stricter environmental standards in the mining and refining of phosphate compared to current competitors and will implement carbon capture and storage technology. (mddionline.com)
This lesser-known Middle Eastern country is also the 6th largest gas exporter. (istizada.com)

However, since 2005 the government has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. (countryreports.org)

The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola's economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. (countryreports.org)
Esta línea estratégica se centra en el análisis y prospectiva de las dinámicas de cooperación y conflicto, así como los actores e instituciones con proyección global. (cidob.org)
Esta línea estratégica analiza las ciudades en la gobernanza global, así como los retos socioeconómicos y ambientales de las ciudades. (cidob.org)

The company originally estimated that the ore body in the ground would extend 300 meters below the surface. (mddionline.com)

Despite increased support for the opposition, the conservative Islamic-democratic PJD is likely to remain the largest party in parliament after the elections. (atradius.it)
Support from environment killer Office Cherifien des Phosphates (OCP). (unitedstill.com)

In 1920, mineral extraction was reported in the Rif in the area of Melilla, where there were three iron mines as well as one working lead and zinc ore. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. (explained.today)

The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations, especially corruption. (state.gov)
Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. (state.gov)
The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. (state.gov)
US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. (cia.gov)

2011 Minerals Yearbook: Morocco And Western Sahara [Advance Release]" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)

Yet, Morocco presents itself as best-in-class on the energy transition. (wsrw.org)
2010: The Order of the Minister of Energy, Mines, Water and the Environment No. 617-10 was passed. (techsb.ca)

Under international law, Western Sahara is not a legal part of Morocco and it remains under the international laws of military occupation . (decisivechro276.cfd)

Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. (countryreports.org)

The International Court of Justice, the European Court of Justice, the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights and the UN are clear that Western Sahara is not part of Morocco. (wsrw.org)
The Italian company Enel is one of the firms that have taken the exact same approach as the EU when carrying out 'stakeholder consultations' in Western Sahara - a procedure now found invalid by the EU Court of Justice. (wsrw.org)
Since Phosphates within a used book how to often are Setting network and Gifted people, favorite restorative Partner can lecture a justice of team. (starkeseiten.de)

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