• Obligate bacterial symbionts or pathogens have the smallest genomes and the fewest pseudogenes of the three groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her work involves analysis of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to study bacterial pathogens. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • A major focus is the evolution and spread of bacterial pathogens (and antibiotic resistance) including the interactions that these pathogens have with their host and host-associated microbiota. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The pool of total DNA resulting from this process can be used to reconstruct the genomes of the host and associated symbionts, pathogens, or "food" DNA presumably present in cell vacuoles. (nature.com)
  • The Department of "Computational Biology for Infection Research" studies the human microbiome, viral and bacterial pathogens, and human cell lineages within individual patients by analysis of large-scale biological and epidemiological data sets with computational techniques. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Grapevines play a crucial role in the world, and particularly in France, as they are the foundation of viticulture, a significant sector of agriculture with high economic importance ( http://www.oiv.int/ ). Like other crops, grapevine suffers from the attack of a large range of pests and pathogens, which affect the plant health at every growth stage, leading to alarming consequence on yield and fruit quality. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • GrapeTree: Visualization of core genomic relationships among 100,000 bacterial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The gut is a key conduit for the genesis and spread of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on circulating resistance profiles and gene mobilization strategies of the most problematic species of enteric bacterial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Right now, we have genome sequences from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome sequences reveal much diversity in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genome sequences show that parasitic bacteria have 500-1200 genes, free-living bacteria have 1500-7500 genes, and archaea have 1500-2700 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thousands of complete genome sequences have been compiled on public databases and even larger volumes of data have been generated privately by independent research groups. (uic.edu)
  • In this thesis, I present Bacterial Gene Neighborhood Investigation Environment, or BactoGeNIE, a new comparative gene neighborhood visualization designed to address large volumes of bacterial genome sequences and explore the design decisions that best take advantage of large, high-resolution environments. (uic.edu)
  • Broad Genomics Platform sequences a whole human genome every four minutes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Introns sequences account for about 30% of the genome. (blogspot.com)
  • By scanning the available genome sequences, Demuth et al. (blogspot.com)
  • In order to enrich the genomic tools already available in this species and provide further insight on the complexity of its genome, we sequenced a large number of rainbow trout BAC-end sequences (BES) and characterized their contents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This will require secondary DNA sequences including the phage genome integration site , some garbage DNA (flanked by essential restriction enzyme cut sites) and the low-copy number BioBrick plasmid . (igem.org)
  • Working with researchers at Universidade Federal de São Carlo, the project will assemble genome sequences from DNA sequence data and then use these assemblies to examine patterns of gene gain and loss, how signatures of selection vary based on gene properties and patterns of gene sequence variability in relation to geography (including climatic variables). (bath.ac.uk)
  • This requires the identification and categorisation of massive sets of genomic sequences corresponding to a huge diversity of bacteria and other microorganisms - a challenge quite distinct from studying the human genome (e.g., identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms or chromosomal rearrangements). (ddw-online.com)
  • Since biochemistry and genetics have not, by and large, enjoyed the same improvement of scale, public sequence repositories now predominantly contain putative protein sequences for which there is no direct experimental evidence of function. (plos.org)
  • Bacteria pick up eukaryotic sequences encoding different characters, such as nutrition , but the most notable use of "higher" organism DNA is to infect and manipulate eukaryotic cells in the service of bacterial survival and multiplication. (huffpost.com)
  • The sequencing of the human genome revealed that at least 1% of the human genome consists of endogenous retroviral sequences, representing past encounters with retroviruses during the course of human evolution. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We sequenced libraries as paired-end reads with Illumina HiSeq (101 bp + 101 bp) or MiSeq (150 bp + 150 bp) instruments and deposited whole-genome sequencing data in the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • The first whole-genome sequence of E. faecalis was published in 2003 8 . (nature.com)
  • The ability to sequence large bacterial collections means that the molecular epidemiology and gene content of epidemic and sporadic lineages can now be defined systematically. (nature.com)
  • the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
  • The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C . (yeastgenome.org)
  • The complete sequence of the genome of P aeruginosa strain, PAO1, is noted for its large size and diverse metabolic capacity. (medscape.com)
  • For the future direction, we need the in-depth genome sequence information and analysis for most of the mammals, including human to fully understand genome variation of economic traits, genetic susceptibility to diseases, and pharmacogenomics of drug response. (springer.com)
  • Genome sequence of the dark pink pigmented Listia bainesii microsymbiont Methylobacterium sp. (doe.gov)
  • A major hurdle to studying many bacteria that can't be cultured has been the difficulty of creating a pure sample of a single bacterial cell's genome that is large enough to sequence. (technologyreview.com)
  • This bacterium was previously uncharacterized: no other researcher had been able to sequence its genome or grow it in the lab. (technologyreview.com)
  • However, the lack of a reference genome sequence hampers research progress for both academic and applied purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery of specific repeat elements will facilitate analyses of sequence content (e.g. for SNPs discovery and for transcriptome characterization) and future genome sequence assemblies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, comparative genomics through BES can be used for identifying positional candidate genes from QTL mapping studies, aid in future assembly of a reference genome sequence and elucidating sequence content and complexity in the rainbow trout genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While next-generation sequencing technologies have made sequencing genomes faster and more affordable, deciphering the complete genome sequence of an organism remains out of reach, especially for large genomes. (bcgsc.ca)
  • Researchers completed the first draft of the human genome sequence almost 20 years ago. (medscape.com)
  • This year, an international research team reported that they completed the human genome sequence using handheld nanopore devices in about 2 months at a cost of around $30,000. (medscape.com)
  • Eric Topol, MD, founder and director of the Scripps Translational Science Institute in La Jolla, California, seconds that statement, noting that many people thought it would take years before the human genome sequence could be assembled inexpensively from small machines. (medscape.com)
  • Identifying mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections from whole genome sequence data. (cdc.gov)
  • The population of P. aeruginosa in the Philippines was diverse, with clonal expansions of XDR genomes belonging to multi-locus sequence types ST235, ST244, ST309, and ST773. (who.int)
  • Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These strains otherwise shared a common genome backbone with serotype V ST1 strains. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the genomes of ST1 serotype V strains and those of serotypes VI, VII, and VIII strains differed substantially. (cdc.gov)
  • To this end, we sequenced the genomes of all 8 strains. (cdc.gov)
  • We next performed de novo genome assemblies using the A5 pipeline ( 10 ) and assessed the cps loci of the 8 strains. (cdc.gov)
  • In a series of papers between 1998 and 2002, he and his coworkers in Maxygen and other companies have used the technique to obtain greatly improved proteins, such as green fluorescent protein, fucosidase, subtilisin, thymidine kinase and interferon-alpha, as well as improved retroviral vectors and bacterial strains of Streptomyces and Lactobacillus . (i-sis.org.uk)
  • In this study, 159 bacteriophage strains which had 200 or more orthologous proteins in their genome were examined using the Gene Content Method. (creationresearch.org)
  • Firstly, lysogenic phages are natural vectors that have evolved to integrate and propagate their DNA through specific bacterial strains. (igem.org)
  • Lysogenic phages have evolved to insert their DNA into the genomes of specific strains of bacteria. (igem.org)
  • In molecular biology, generalized transduction is routinely used as a technique to manipulate and construct bacterial strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • To reach this goal, a heterologous production strategy will be used to generate few generic chassis bacterial strains belonging to key genera, allowing the production of a broad range of structurally diverse CLiPs. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Phylogenetic and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Brazil by whole genome sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • In late July researchers from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analysed the whole genomes of two calves originally born in 2016. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • With 100-fold the number of genes in the human genome 1 , this microbial collection is a rich genetic signature of clinical significance that we have only recently gained the tools to explore. (ddw-online.com)
  • Thus, the proportion of non-coding DNA goes up with genome size more quickly in non-bacteria than in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies have since shown that several bacteria have smaller genome sizes than their ancestors did. (wikipedia.org)
  • Projects such as the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) intend to add more genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria possess a compact genome architecture distinct from eukaryotes in two important ways: bacteria show a strong correlation between genome size and number of functional genes in a genome, and those genes are structured into operons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, amongst species of bacteria, there is relatively little variation in genome size when compared with the genome sizes of other major groups of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • In bacteria, however, the strong correlation between the number of genes and the genome size makes the size of bacterial genomes an interesting topic for research and discussion. (wikipedia.org)
  • The general trends of bacterial evolution indicate that bacteria started as free-living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lifestyles of bacteria play an integral role in their respective genome sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Facultative and recently evolved pathogenic bacteria exhibit a smaller genome size than free-living bacteria, yet they have more pseudogenes than any other form of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relationship between life-styles of bacteria and genome size raises questions as to the mechanisms of bacterial genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers have developed several theories to explain the patterns of genome size evolution amongst bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mission of the Bacterial Genomics Group at Broad is to develop and implement 'omics methodologies to answer pressing questions related to bacteria and their role in human health. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Then transform the plasmid into the host bacterial strain and expose the bacteria to the phage. (igem.org)
  • Despite phage replication in these matrices, lysis of the bacteria was slower than phage propagation, and no reduction of the bacterial population was observed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Examining this question, the project aims to assess patterns of gene and genome evolution within and among natural populations by studying the enormous genetic diversity of a social microbe living as single celled predators of bacteria before producing a multicellular fruiting body. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Likewise, he also notes that "complexity is not a simple function of genome size, because of the large amounts of gene duplication in plants and animals, but there's very little of that in bacteria. (infidels.org)
  • We confirmed these resistance patterns by sequencing the entire genome of these bacteria (another test called whole genome sequencing or WGS). (cdc.gov)
  • In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)
  • This allowed us to provide a reference genome [a reference to what the genetic structure of the virus looks like] to scientists trying to develop new vaccines or new treatments. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Silver Age of GOLD Introduces New Features The Genomes OnLine Database makes curated microbiome metadata that follows community standards freely available and enables large-scale comparative genomics analysis initiatives. (doe.gov)
  • Science An international team of scientists has collated all known bacterial genomes from the human gut microbiome into a single large database. (embl.org)
  • Patients with cirrhosis have an underabundance of commensal microbes, an overabundance of pathogenic microbes, and reduced gut microbiome diversity, as well as gut barrier damage and bacterial translocation. (medscape.com)
  • The microbiome, the "other ge- species have no representative in nome" or "second genome" of the culture collections. (who.int)
  • Larger pieces of DNA such as entire plasmids, viral and bacterial genomes can also be recombined. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • A company called AgPlus Diagnostics have developed a 15-minute test that can help doctors distinguish between viral and bacterial infections. (ukri.org)
  • The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) method quantifies genetic distance between entire genomes by taking advantage of regions of about 10,000 bp. (wikipedia.org)
  • We undertook whole genome sequencing of E. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the UK and Ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. (nature.com)
  • Some propose that retroviruses and the associated mobile genetic elements found in various animal species originated from within the host genome and fulfilled structural and regulatory functions, and were later exogenized. (creationresearch.org)
  • In two larger clusters, phages infecting different bacterial host genera showed no significant genetic difference. (creationresearch.org)
  • Scientists in the Broad community are sequencing and analyzing the genomes of a wide range of insects and microorganisms to understand their genetic regulation, population variation, and specialized genomic mechanisms. (broadinstitute.org)
  • 2014) High-resolution genetic maps of Eucalyptus improve Eucalyptus grandis genome assembly . (doe.gov)
  • In all organisms, the instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are carried in DNA, a large polymer formed from subunits of four kinds (A, G, C, and T). The chemical and structural properties of DNA explain how the genetic information that underlies heredity is both encoded in genes (as a string of molecular "letters") and replicated (by a templating mechanism). (epicofevolution.com)
  • Looking through a microscope at a chamber in the chip, a researcher can pick out a single bacterial cell for further study, then send it into a chamber where chemicals burst it open, releasing its genetic material. (technologyreview.com)
  • It uses a modified form of the "universal" genetic code, a version that has turned up before in some mitochondrial lineages and Mycoplasma, all of which exhibit genome reduction and low GC content too. (asmblog.org)
  • Instead, Hodgkinia tells us that it is genome reduction, not low GC%, that is driving this shift in its genetic code. (asmblog.org)
  • Origin of an alternative genetic code in the ex-tremely small and GC-rich genome of a bacterial symbiont. (asmblog.org)
  • Some of the genetic changes alter single DNA building blocks (nucleotides), whereas others rearrange larger segments of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Now that DNA sequencing has become orders of magnitude faster and less expensive, focus has shifted to sequencing entire genomes. (plos.org)
  • The genome of a bacterial organism consists of a single circular chromosome that can undergo changes at several different levels. (edu.au)
  • With the ongoing developments of high throughput sequencing machines and advancement of modern bioinformatics tools at unprecedented pace, the target goal of sequencing individual genomes of living organism at a cost of $1,000 each is seemed to be realistically feasible in the near future. (springer.com)
  • Duplications, gene transfer and rearrangements of long stretches of DNA are what create big changes in the genome and in the organism. (epicofevolution.com)
  • Analysis of over 2000 Escherichia coli genomes reveals an E. coli core genome of about 3100 gene families and a total of about 89,000 different gene families. (wikipedia.org)
  • As single-gene comparisons have largely given way to genome comparisons, phylogeny of bacterial genomes have improved in accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
  • BactoGeNIE running on a large, high-resolution environment after running the gene-targeting algorithm. (uic.edu)
  • In this thesis, I present a novel genome data visualization targeting an important area of genomics research: comparative bacterial gene neighborhood analysis. (uic.edu)
  • My high-density genome data visualization approach relies on interactive visual queries to transform large data volumes into high-resolution comparative genomic maps, that use pre-attentive visual cues to address analytic tasks for comparative gene neighborhood investigations across large volumes of complete bacterial genomes. (uic.edu)
  • Using de novo gene prediction, we identified 6,996 protein-encoding genes in the MAST-4 genome. (nature.com)
  • Other applications that rely on MDA of single cells include targeted metagenomics, whereby marker genes are PCR-amplified from the DNA sample to decipher their distribution in ecosystems or larger fragments of DNA are assembled for analysis of gene content 11 , 17 . (nature.com)
  • Analysis of the genome data using ab initio gene prediction identified 6,996 protein-encoding genes in the genome of the isolate. (nature.com)
  • Most of these genes might have transferred from bacterial species through horizontal gene transfer. (uib.no)
  • For most commercial applications gene-editing's appeal is simplicity and precision: it alters genomes at precise sites and without inserting foreign DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • But FDA's findings are potentially trivial besides another recent discovery about gene-editing: that foreign DNA from surprising sources can routinely find its way into the genome of edited animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Each infected cell then develops into a HR. When a foreign gene is added to the bacterium, it can also be transferred to the infected plant cell and expressed in the developing HR, which can then be propagated on large scale. (databasefootball.com)
  • CLiPs are nonribosomally synthesized by modular mega-enzymes so-called NonRibosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs) that are encoded by large biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) spanning over dozens of kb in the genomes. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • third-generation sequencing might eventually yield a complete genome in a few hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • A significant achievement in the second decade of bacterial genome sequencing was the production of metagenomic data, which covers all DNA present in a sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decreases in genome sequencing costs have driven a proliferation in the volume of genomic data. (uic.edu)
  • In particular, rates of bacterial genome sequencing have accelerated, due to low sequencing costs. (uic.edu)
  • Microbial genome sequencing provides the opportunity to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for hospital adaptation. (nature.com)
  • The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • The completion of the first human genome drafts (Yamey 2000 ) was just a start of the modern DNA sequencing era which resulted in further invention, improved development toward new advanced strategies of high-throughput DNA sequencing, so called the " high-throughput next generation sequencing " (HT-NGS). (springer.com)
  • During this period, tremendous success has been achieved in the fields of decoding of human genome, technological advancement of new era of human genome applications, toward personalized genomes and discovery of rare variants, leveraging genome sequencing to impact on cancer researches and mammalian evolution and population structure. (springer.com)
  • Thanks to data from the sequencing entrie genomes, scientists have discovered that most of the genomes of eukaryotic organisms comes from "Mobile DNA" aka "jumping genes. (epicofevolution.com)
  • This microfluidic chip can amplify the genome of single bacterial cells for sequencing-even those that are impossible to grow in the lab. (technologyreview.com)
  • Stephen Quake , a Stanford bioengineer, has designed a microfluidic device that microbiologists can use to pick a single cell from a sample and prepare its genome for sequencing. (technologyreview.com)
  • Sequencing the whole genome of single bacterial cells is "really impressive," says Norm Dovichi , a chemistry professor at the University of Washington, in Seattle. (technologyreview.com)
  • Single-cell sequencing efforts will greatly expand microbiologists' understanding of the complex bacterial communities living in our bodies, says Anthony Chow , emeritus professor of medicine at the University of British Columbia. (technologyreview.com)
  • Bergen Open Research Archive: Whole genome sequencing of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. (uib.no)
  • The complex regulation and evolution of environmentally-relevant microorganisms are analysed in detail through the sequencing of entire bacterial genomes and large fragments of environmental DNA. (mpg.de)
  • The small sequencing devices have been used previously to track the Ebola and Zika epidemics, but the human genome is many orders of magnitude larger than those bacterial and viral genomes, making this "a huge technical achievement," Benedict Paten, PhD, one of the collaborators in the latest sequencing effort, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • Jain is one of the first authors on the article, published online January 29 in Nature Biotechnology , that describes the genome sequencing project. (medscape.com)
  • We talk about 'whole-genome sequencing,' but it's a misnomer because there are parts of the genome that have been unseen, and there have been parts that have, what I'd call, weak assembly," Topol told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • Microbial NGS methods can range from ribosomal RNA analysis (16S rRNA sequencing), to parallel genomic sequencing or shotgun metagenomic sequencing, to whole genome sequencing, to metatranscriptomics. (ddw-online.com)
  • Also, this study adds significantly to the number of commensal E. coli genomes, a group that has been traditionally underrepresented in the sequencing of this species. (peerj.com)
  • This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genome sequencing found that FMT increased the richness of species with significant donor engraftment. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11-13 ] The most recent studies have undertaken low-coverage whole genome sequencing to interrogate low-frequency variants and define how much these variants contribute to IBD susceptibility. (medscape.com)
  • Homologous recombination occurs frequently in GBS and can involve vast areas of the genome in some lineages ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • One promising approach to study these lineages is single cell genomics (SCG), whereby an individual cell is captured from nature and genome data are produced from the amplified total DNA. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genome size is of little relevance when considering the number of functional genes in eukaryotic species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evolutionary analysis of the Francisella genomes, strongly suggests that human and fish pathogenic Francisella species have evolved independently from free-living metabolically competent Francisella species. (uib.no)
  • In this study, we undertook extensive genome-wide comparative analyses of twelve species that conform the Pectobacterium genus. (mdpi.com)
  • combined with metagenomics has uncovered thousands of novel bacterial species directly from samples without isolation or culturing. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Distinct bacterial species that cause enteric disease can exist as invasive enteropathogens that immediately evoke gastrointestinal distress, or pathobionts that can arise from established bacterial commensals to inflict dysbiosis and disease. (cdc.gov)
  • A catalogue of 178 reference bacterial birth, and the delivery type is the first core of species has been identified genomes distributed among different factor that has an impact. (who.int)
  • The main reason for the relative density of bacterial genomes compared to eukaryotic genomes (especially multicellular eukaryotes) is the presence of noncoding DNA in the form of intergenic regions and introns. (wikipedia.org)
  • A broad swath of eukaryotic microbial biodiversity cannot be cultivated in the lab and is therefore inaccessible to conventional genome-wide comparative methods. (nature.com)
  • It encodes an extremely large virion-associated RNA polymerase unique for bacterial viruses that became characteristic for this group. (mdpi.com)
  • In the experiment on retroviral genomes, 6 mouse leukaemia viruses (MLV) were recombined in a single round, giving a library of 5 million replicating recombinant viruses. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Mr. Daniel adds that, in terms of information quantity, "the smallest known bacterial genome has 580 kb ( Mycoplasma genitalium ), while viruses range from 3.5 to 280 kb . (infidels.org)
  • Given these figures ("a kb equals a thousand bases, i.e. nucleotides, often abbreviated kbp for kilo-base-pairs"), the T4 genome is indeed much smaller than that of the smallest bacterium (61.5 kb vs. 580 kb) but it is not the smallest genome among viruses (61.5 kb vs. 3.5 kb). (infidels.org)
  • They did this with great success: About one third of all typical "common colds" and some cases of diarrhoea as well are caused by these RNA Viruses, which are the largest of their kind. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Viruses are among the smallest microbes, typically ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 micrometer, although several very large viruses up to 1 micrometer in length (megavirus, pandoravirus) have recently been discovered. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genome Insider: Methane Makers in Yosemite's Lakes Meet researchers who sampled the microbial communities living in the mountaintop lakes of the Sierra Nevada mountains to see how climate change affects freshwater ecosystems, and how those ecosystems work. (doe.gov)
  • Over the years, researchers have proposed several theories to explain the general trend of bacterial genome decay and the relatively small size of bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • But with two projects, communities are forming to generate high quality genomes to benefit researchers. (doe.gov)
  • Science Researchers have used a metagenomics approach to piece together the genomes of yeasts found in wild lichens. (embl.org)
  • Their work will allow researchers to explore the links between bacterial genes and proteins, and their effects on human health. (embl.org)
  • Researchers believe that impaired oxidative phosphorylation can lead to cell death in tissues that require large amounts of energy, such as the brain, muscles, and heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I will describe the program design and architecture, along with several examples from visualizing draft Escherichia coli (E. coli) genomes. (uic.edu)
  • Here we tested the efficacy of SCG to generate a draft genome assembly from a single sample, in this case a cell belonging to the broadly distributed MAST-4 uncultured marine stramenopiles. (nature.com)
  • Here we used SCG to generate the first draft genome assembly from a cell belonging to the broadly distributed group of MAST-4 uncultured marine stramenopiles 18 . (nature.com)
  • It identifies problematic regions (those with Ns) in a user-input scaffold file, targets the gaps for assembly iteratively using a range of k values and consolidates assembled fragments into a new draft genome assembly. (bcgsc.ca)
  • Sealer: a scalable gap-closing application for finishing draft genomes. (bcgsc.ca)
  • We were able to generate enough data to put together a human genome assembly that was in many respects superior to that initial draft," continued Paten, who currently oversees the Center for Big Data in Translational Genomics and is an assistant professor in the Department of Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz. (medscape.com)
  • The first draft of the human genome and thus provides a very rich function- der healthy conditions. (who.int)
  • Given the enormous breadth of bacterial diversity, this task may sometimes require de novo genome assembly, the construction of a genome with no prior reference. (ddw-online.com)
  • Little is known about the genomic diversity of Escherichia coli in healthy children from sub-Saharan Africa, even though this is pertinent to understanding bacterial evolution and ecology and their role in infection. (peerj.com)
  • We isolated and whole-genome sequenced up to five colonies of faecal E. coli from 66 asymptomatic children aged three-to-five years in rural Gambia (n = 88 isolates from 21 positive stools). (peerj.com)
  • Genome comparison with a global collection identified that L1 and L3 were also present in the USA, but were genetically distinct. (nature.com)
  • The genome atlases allowed for distinguishing distinct DNA structures and highlighted suspicious high transcription zones. (mdpi.com)
  • Most of the ST235 genomes formed a distinct Philippine lineage when contextualized with international genomes, thus raising the possibility that this is a lineage unique to the Philippines. (who.int)
  • It appears that God may have created several kinds of bacteriophages to keep various bacterial populations under control. (creationresearch.org)
  • The Philadelphia infection was traced back to bacterial populations in the air-conditioning system at the hotel where the convention was held. (huffpost.com)
  • Large-Scale Simulations of Bacterial Populations Over Complex Networks. (cdc.gov)
  • There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2max using somatic or submaximal CPET variables. (bvsalud.org)
  • The leading genome research centers and scientists have publicly recognized that these are the core enabling goals for the next decade genomics research. (springer.com)
  • The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has echoed this need through its vision for genomics research (Collins et al. (springer.com)
  • Relationship between ge-no-me size and GC content for sequ-enced Bacterial and Archaeal genomes ≤10 Mb. (asmblog.org)
  • In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). (yeastgenome.org)
  • Our analysis of pseudogenes indicates that the evolution of Francisella subspecies's pseudogenes from Tilapia is old with large number of pseudogenes having more than one inactivating mutation. (uib.no)
  • Some phage clusters infected only one family of bacterial hosts, whereas others were more promiscuous. (creationresearch.org)
  • Lastly, lysogenic phage genomes are too large to be manipulated using normal BioBrick plasmids. (igem.org)
  • The objectives of our phage standard include negating the issues of genome size, exploiting phage characteristics for use as a vector, and developing a BioBrick compatible standard applicable to all lysogenic phages. (igem.org)
  • The phage standard describes the process of adding a given Biobrick part, which we will call source DNA into the genome of a lysogenic phage, referred to as host DNA . (igem.org)
  • The first step is to choose restriction enzymes using webcutter 2.0 that appear only once , closest to the region of the phage genome that is going to be modified (Fig. 1). (igem.org)
  • This will allow the phage to infect the bacterial cells as well as the integration site on the low-copy BioBrick plasmid. (igem.org)
  • Current state of the low copy BioBrick plasmid containing the full phage genome. (igem.org)
  • Cut and ligate it all back together and viola, a modified phage genome is at your disposal. (igem.org)
  • How bacterial cyclases recognize phage infection is not known. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consistent with these in vitro findings, phage treatment did not reduce bacterial burdens in a neutropenic mouse S. aureus thigh infection model. (bvsalud.org)
  • A new method was developed for separation of partially digested large-molecular-weight DNA fragments that facilitated library construction with large inserts. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We investigated 111 ST1 GBS isolates collected by the Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network during 2009-2015. (cdc.gov)
  • We sequenced the whole genomes of 176 P. aeruginosa isolates collected in 2013-2014 by the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. (who.int)
  • The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
  • To characterize recombination leading to capsular switching, we first used the variant ascertainment algorithm VAAL ( 11 ) to identify polymorphisms in each strain relative to the genome of serotype V ST1 strain SS1 (GenBank accession no. (cdc.gov)
  • Using bioinformatic analysis of large WGS data sets, my current work aims to understand the emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). (sanger.ac.uk)
  • The relatively high transmission rate and the large number of asymptomatic infections led to a huge, world-wide need for fast, affordable and effective diagnostic tests that could be performed in clinical as well as non-clinical settings. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The 3 stages of Pseudomonas infections are (1) bacterial attachment and colonization, (2) local infection, and (3) bloodstream dissemination and systemic disease. (medscape.com)
  • ICAP at Columbia University is being funded to develop a network of four hospitals in Kenya to improve their ability to detect bacterial infections, determine antibiotic resistance in the infections, assess antibiotic use and the prevalence of healthcare-acquired infections, and develop an antibiotic stewardship collaborative to improve the use of antimicrobials at the hospitals. (cdc.gov)
  • The genome annotation is continually updated, and the database functionality is being expanded to facilitate accelerated discovery of P aeruginosa drug targets and vaccine candidates. (medscape.com)
  • Deep genome annotation of the opportunistic human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. (cdc.gov)
  • VIENNA, Austria - Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) can reset gut microbiota leading to strengthened gut barrier function and mucosal immunity, along with improved ammonia metabolism in patients with cirrhosis, show data from a pilot study now expanded into a large multisite UK trial. (medscape.com)
  • We have entered the "omics" era, which now allows us to undertake large-scale/high-throughput microbiota analysis which may well define how we approach diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the future, with a strong steer towards personalised therapeutics. (medscape.com)
  • The gut microbiota comprises a large collection of microbes and the largest within the body, reaching 10 [ 12 ] cells/g of luminal contents in the colon. (medscape.com)
  • In March of 2020, Broad Institute converted a clinical genetics processing lab into a large-scale COVID-19 testing facility in less than two weeks. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Most of the structural and functional diversity relies on CLiPs produced by 3 main bacterial genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Data from published papers, large multi-centre laboratory validation and demonstration studies coordinated by FIND, and unpublished data investigator-driven, single-centre studies were recently reviewed by WHO with the aim to develop policy guidance on Xpert MTB/RIF use. (bvsalud.org)
  • Those ultralong reads mean scientists can see parts of the genome in ways they have not before. (medscape.com)
  • To facilitate M. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Applicants with experience working with heterologous expression, bacterial transformation, mutant construction, cloning technology using Gibson assembly, TAR cloning, or Cas9-Assisted Targeting of CHromosome segments (CATCH) are highly encouraged to apply. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • These data are however often insufficient to reliably reconstruct ToL phylogenetic relationships and do not address genome evolution. (nature.com)
  • My PhD research used genomic data to study the evolution and population dynamics of the bacterial pathogen, Legionella pneumophila , the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
  • The common ancestor of the salmonids experienced a whole genome duplication event, making extant salmonids such as the rainbow trout an excellent model for studying the evolution of tetraploidization and re-diploidization in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The external origin of the DNA encoding these proteins is confirmed because it has a lower GC content than the clearly bacterial DNA in the Legionella genome . (huffpost.com)
  • After FMT, fecal proteomics detected 301 proteins composed of 154 of human origin - mostly related to gut barrier protection - and 147 of bacterial origin - mostly enzymes - at days 7, 30, and up to 90. (medscape.com)
  • Year 2011 is celebrated as the 10th anniversary since the human genome was first sequenced ( www.nature.com/natureconferences/hg10years/index.html ). (springer.com)
  • See " The Next Human Genome Project: Our Microbes . (technologyreview.com)
  • These data show that the BAC library is suitable for genome analysis of M. grisea. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The developed platform represents an ethically acceptable, resource-saving, large-scale, and 3R-compatible screening tool for various life science disciplines, including the identification of new effectors and inhibitors in gut inflammation, the assessment of pesticides or other environmental factors, the assessment and evaluation of new antibiotic therapies, the analysis of host-pathogen interactions, and the identification of new contrast agents or tracers in radiology. (uni-giessen.de)
  • That would not be enough to assemble a genome from scratch, but it is enough to start an analysis, especially as data continue to accumulate while the machine runs. (medscape.com)
  • Through restrictive endonuclease analysis of the genomes of isolates, molluscum contagiosum virus types I-IV have been identified. (medscape.com)
  • Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer. (who.int)
  • Weighing in with a genome of only 160 kbp and but 182 protein-coding genes, it hardly seemed to have enough genes to sustain its own life. (asmblog.org)
  • This approach adopts encodings that scale more effectively to large displays and large data volumes, enabling the rapid performance of analytic tasks across large data volumes. (uic.edu)
  • One such example is the Mosaic initiative established between the large pharmaceutical corporation, Janssen, and DNAnexus, a leader in bioinformatics data infrastructure. (ddw-online.com)
  • NLM is a leader in biomedical and health data science research, and the world's largest biomedical library. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each of Recombinetics' calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • As part of CDC's Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network , the Wadsworth Center Bacteriology Laboratory in Albany, NY, tested 14 patient specimens from an outbreak at a large hospital in our region. (cdc.gov)