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Saccule and UtricleEar, InnerAcoustic MaculaeVestibule, LabyrinthHair Cells, VestibularLabyrinth DiseasesOtolithic MembraneSemicircular CanalsVestibular NerveVestibular Evoked Myogenic PotentialsHair Cells, AuditoryCochleaPlacentaEndolymphPeptidoglycanRana catesbeianaTacrineNeomycinStereociliaLabyrinth Supporting CellsVestibular DiseasesPlacentationEndolymphatic DuctVestibular Nucleus, LateralVestibular NucleiHemospermiaPetrous BoneCaloric TestsThiamine PyrophosphataseHearingTranscription Factor Brn-3CMeniere DiseaseMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningBatrachoidiformesHair Cells, Auditory, InnerGoldfishEndolymphatic SacTrophoblastsVestibulocochlear NerveHydrocharitaceaeTemporal BoneFenestration, LabyrinthDiaminopimelic AcidOrgan Culture TechniquesMicroscopy, ElectronEmbryo LossReflex, Vestibulo-OcularCochlear DiseasesEpitheliumTurtlesPregnancyLabyrinthitisVertigoRegenerationPimelic AcidsMice, Inbred CBASpiral Ligament of CochleaEndolymphatic HydropsRotationCell WallGolgi ApparatusScandentiaNootropic AgentsVestibular Function TestsAPUD CellsDissectionCochlear DuctCyprinidaeMetrial GlandGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalVestibulocochlear Nerve DiseasesNeurons, EfferentMedical IllustrationHearing Loss, Noise-InducedPregnancy, AnimalAnuraHistocytochemistryTime FactorsMice, KnockoutFetal WeightEvoked Potentials, AuditoryChinchillaVestibular AqueductEscherichia coliNystagmus, PhysiologicGentamicinsEar NeoplasmsCell CountAcoustic StimulationPlacental LactogenChemical PrecipitationHead MovementsBone ConductionLanthanumNystagmus, PathologicYolk SacImmunohistochemistryHearing Loss, SuddenEfferent PathwaysFacial Nerve
Membranous labyrinthBony labyrinthSacsEndolymphMaculaePerilymphOsseous labyrinthMacula of utriCochlearSemicircular ductsConsistsEpitheliumUtriculosaccular ductDuctus endolymphaticusOtoconiaOtolithsCanalsCochlea and the vestibularOrgansInflammation of the labyrinthCanalEndolymphatic sacAcousticSaccularAnteriorAccelerationSensory hair cellsCilia of the hair cellsSpiral ganglionOtolithicMechanoreceptorsNerveMembraneOrganOccursHairHorizontalBoneDuctsGelatinousLabyrinthitis
Membranous labyrinth25
  • They are part of the balancing system (membranous labyrinth) in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (small oval chamber). (wikipedia.org)
  • The inner contours of the bony labyrinth closely follow the contours of the membranous labyrinth, a delicate, interconnected network of fluid-filled tubes in which the receptors are found. (medscape.com)
  • Another fluid, called endolymph, is contained in the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The cochlea is a bony, spiral-shaped chamber that contains the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The auditory vesicle gives rise to the utricular and saccular components of the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The cochlea, which houses the sensory organ for hearing, consists of a triangular-shaped, fluid-filled channel, the membranous labyrinth, that is housed within the bony labyrinth (otic capsule). (cdc.gov)
  • The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • The membranous labyrinth is anchored to the bony labyrinth at the spiral ligament, the lateral edge of the triangle, and at the lip of the osseous spiral lamina medially. (cdc.gov)
  • Except for its attachments laterally and medially, the membranous labyrinth is separated from the bony labyrinth by fluid-filled channels (i.e., perilymph). (cdc.gov)
  • The membranous labyrinth , filled with endolymph and surrounded by perilymph, lies in the bony labyrinthine space within the temporal bone of the skull base ( Fig 17-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • Two special sensory systems receive their input from structures in the membranous labyrinth: the auditory system, from the cochlea (see Chapter 16 ), and the vestibular system, from the remainder of the labyrinth. (mhmedical.com)
  • Disruption of the Apaf1 gene led to a dramatic decrease in apoptosis in the inner ear epithelium, severe morphogenetic defects and a significant size reduction of the membranous labyrinth, demonstrating that an Apaf1-dependent apoptotic pathway is necessary for normal inner ear development. (biologists.com)
  • The inner ear is located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone and is composed of a membranous labyrinth surrounded by an osseous labyrinth. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The membranous labyrinth houses the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus, both of which are supplied by cranial nerve VIII. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • There is also a blind sac in the membranous labyrinth known as the endolymphatic sac, which is lined by tall columnar epithelium arranged on papillae. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Within the bone is the osseous labyrinth, which encases the membranous labyrinth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It lies within the petrous portion of the temporal bone and consists of bags and ducts of the membranous labyrinth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Otic vesicle Vesicle Primary Skin Lesions is filled with endolymph Endolymph The lymph fluid found in the membranous labyrinth of the ear. (lecturio.com)
  • It is formed by a bony labyrinth and a membranous labyrinth. (anatomy.app)
  • The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth, and it includes two sacs (utricle and saccule), three semicircular ducts, and the cochlear duct. (anatomy.app)
  • The space inside the membranous labyrinth is filled with the endolymphatic fluid, while outside the membranous labyrinth space is filled with perilymph. (anatomy.app)
  • It consists of a bony shell (the bony labyrinth) within which is found the membranous labyrinth-a series of cavities forming a closed system filled with endolymph, a potassium-rich liquid. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The membranous labyrinth is separated from the bony labyrinth by the perilymph, a sodium-rich liquid. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The neurosensory structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are located in the membranous labyrinth: the organ of Corti is located in the cochlear canal, while the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and the ampullae of the semicircular canals are located in the posterior section. (cloudaccess.net)
Bony labyrinth16
  • In mammals, the anatomy of the inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth, a system of passages making up the following 2 main functional parts: (1) the cochlea, which is dedicated to hearing, and (2) the vestibular system, which is dedicated to balance. (medscape.com)
  • The superficial contours of the inner ear are established by a layer of dense bone known as the bony labyrinth, which refers to the network of canals. (medscape.com)
  • The walls of the bony labyrinth are continuous with the surrounding temporal bone. (medscape.com)
  • The walls of the bony labyrinth consist of dense bone everywhere except at 2 small areas near the base of the cochlear spiral. (medscape.com)
  • The bony labyrinth can be subdivided into the vestibule, 3 semicircular canals, and the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • 2) The bony labyrinth is joined to the rest of the skull by fibrous tissue only. (cdc.gov)
  • The inner ear is made of a bony labyrinth filled with fluid and membranes. (earsite.com)
  • The so-called bony labyrinth includes the scalae vestibule and tympani and contains perilymph. (justfactsllc.com)
  • Finally, the inner ear contains the bony labyrinth, along with other structures essential for spatial orientation Spatial orientation Change in position or alignment in response to an external stimulus. (lecturio.com)
  • Semicircular canals Semicircular canals Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. (lecturio.com)
  • They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (vestibular labyrinth). (lecturio.com)
  • An oval, bony chamber of the inner ear, part of the bony labyrinth. (lookformedical.com)
  • The bony labyrinth of the inner ear consists of the vestibule, three semicircular canals, and the cochlea. (anatomy.app)
  • The bony labyrinth itself is composed of two parts. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The posterior portion of the bony labyrinth contains the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and is responsible for equilibrium. (cloudaccess.net)
  • Stretching from the ear drum on the outside and the inner auditory canal on the inside, the vestibule is the middle part of the posterior bony labyrinth to which the semi-circular canals are attached. (vestib.org)
Sacs3
  • The vestibule contains a pair of membranous sacs: the saccule (sacculus) and the utricle (utriculus). (medscape.com)
  • The vestibular system consists of the three semicircular canals and two sacs called the saccule and the utricle. (weilab.com)
  • The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. (lookformedical.com)
Endolymph1
Maculae4
Perilymph1
  • A liquid called perilymph, the properties of which closely resemble those of cerebrospinal fluid, flows between the bony and membranous labyrinths. (medscape.com)
Osseous labyrinth1
Macula of utri1
  • They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity. (medscape.com)
Cochlear5
  • The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)
  • The labyrinthine artery divides into: cochlear artery, for irrigation of the cochlea and vestibular arteries anterior and posterior semicircular canals to irrigate, utricle, saccule and part of the cochlea 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The vestibulocochlear apparatus contains two types of receptors located in the inner ear: the organ of Corti for receiving the sound stimulus - located in the cochlear duct, and the receptors of the vestibular apparatus for appreciation of the impact of gravitation (static balance) - located in the utricle and saccule, and acceleration (kinetic balance) - located in the semicircular ducts. (anatomy.app)
  • The bodies of the cochlear sensory cells resting on the basilar membrane are surrounded by nerve terminals, and their approximately 30,000 axons form the cochlear nerve. (cloudaccess.net)
Semicircular ducts2
  • The cavity of the utricle communicates behind with the semicircular ducts by five orifices. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intermediate part of the otic vesicle represents the vestibule, and is divided by a constriction into an anterior part, the saccule, communicating with the ductus cochlearis, and a posterior portion, the utricle, receiving the extremities of the semicircular ducts. (co.ma)
Consists5
Epithelium5
  • The various cells in the organ of Corti can be examined by 'optically sectioning' or using the z-axis (fine focus) of a microscope to focus at successively deeper layers within the epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • During inner ear development programmed cell death occurs in specific areas of the otic epithelium but the significance of it and the molecules involved have remained unclear. (biologists.com)
  • In Apaf1 -/- /Bcl2l -/- double mutant embryos, no cell death could be detected in the otic epithelium,demonstrating that the cell death regulated by the anti-apoptotic Bcl2l isoform, Bcl-X L in the otic epithelium is Apaf1-dependent. (biologists.com)
  • The epithelial lining is at first columnar, but becomes cubical throughout the whole labyrinth, except opposite the terminations of the acoustic nerve, where it forms the columnar epithelium of the macula of the utricle and saccule, of the crista ampullæ, and of the organon spirale. (co.ma)
  • The vestibule shelters two membranous elements: the saccule and the utricle, which contain, in a localised part of their wall, a sensory epithelium, the macula. (vestib.org)
Utriculosaccular duct2
  • The utricle communicates with the saccule through the utriculosaccular duct from which the endolymphatic duct arises. (lecturio.com)
  • The saccule and the utricle are connected via the utriculosaccular duct to which the fine endloymphatic duct connects. (vestib.org)
Ductus endolymphaticus1
  • The ductus utriculosaccularis comes off of the anterior wall of the utricle and opens into the ductus endolymphaticus. (wikipedia.org)
Otoconia3
  • Within the utricle and saccule, otoliths (small calcium carbonate crystals, also termed otoconia ) are located adjacent to hair cells clustered in macular regions. (mhmedical.com)
  • The mineralized otoconia were first detected in the utricle at P3 and saccular otoconia at P6. (bvsalud.org)
  • While the saccule also contains otoconia, they are not able to migrate into the canal system. (keyhearing.com)
Otoliths3
  • The otoliths displace the hair cell processes and excite the utricle and saccule in response to horizontal and vertical acceleration. (mhmedical.com)
  • The utricle and the saccule also possess a sensory end organ, the macula, which has neurosensory hair cells and otoliths. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In response to head movement , the otoliths shift causing distortion of the vestibular hair cells which transduce nerve signals to the BRAIN for interpretation of equilibrium. (lookformedical.com)
Canals6
Cochlea and the vestibular2
  • The labyrinth or the inner ear contains two main structures including the cochlea and the vestibular system. (weilab.com)
  • Both the cochlea and the vestibular system contain specialized sensory hair cells. (weilab.com)
Organs4
  • The utricle and saccule are the two otolith organs in the vertebrate inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two other organs, the saccule and the utricle, found in the inner ear detect linear acceleration of the head. (earsite.com)
  • Nerve cells and sensory organs are very sensitive to changes in blood flow. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immune cells can also cause damage to other organs. (ezinetwork.org)
Inflammation of the labyrinth2
  • The inflammation of the labyrinth can cause symptoms including dizziness, nausea, issues with balance, or hearing loss. (weilab.com)
  • Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth) occurs when there is an infection that affects both branches of the nerve, leading to hearing changes, dizziness, or vertigo. (medicalcodingbuff.com)
Canal4
  • Each canal has one enlarged or ampullated end that contains the crista, a crest of sensory and supporting cells that is oriented perpendicular to the axis of its canal. (cdc.gov)
  • Each canal ends in an enlarged ampulla , which contains hair cells, within a receptor area called the crista ampullaris . (mhmedical.com)
  • It is separated from the external auditory canal by the tympanic membrane, a thin fibrous sheet that has an external keratinizing squamous epithelial lining and an inner cuboidal cell lining. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • One was observed around the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal and utricle, and the other was observed around the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal. (bvsalud.org)
Endolymphatic sac1
Acoustic2
  • Acoustic neuromas arise from Schwann cells located near the Obersteiner-Redlich zone and are more appropriately termed vestibular schwannomas. (earsite.com)
  • Despite the protective effect of the acoustic reflex which tenses the middle ear bones to blunt loud sounds, loud noise can damage and permanently destroy hair cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Saccular2
  • Time course and extent of mechanotransducer adaptation in mouse utricular hair cells: comparison with frog saccular hair cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Inwardly rectifying currents of saccular hair cells from the leopard frog. (uchicago.edu)
Anterior1
  • The labyrinth is irrigated by internal labyrinthine artery, in most cases branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and in some cases branch of basilar artery. (bvsalud.org)
Acceleration1
Sensory hair cells1
  • The vestibular sensory areas contain sensory (hair) cells and supporting cells. (cdc.gov)
Cilia of the hair cells2
  • The vibrations transmitted from the middle ear cause tiny waves to form in the inner ear fluid, which makes the cilia of the hair cells in the cochlea vibrate. (weilab.com)
  • Traversing an extraordinarily thin membrane, the cilia of the hair cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane, whose free end is located above the cells. (cloudaccess.net)
Spiral ganglion1
  • For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. (omeka.net)
Otolithic2
Mechanoreceptors1
  • The hair cells are mechanoreceptors which have 40 to 70 stereocilia and only one true cilium called a kinocilium. (wikipedia.org)
Nerve4
  • The hair cells convert this pattern of stimulation to nerve signals, and the brain is thus advised of changes in your linear velocity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hair cells then convert these vibrations into nerve signals, which are interpreted as sound when the signal is sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. (weilab.com)
  • Hair cells in different parts of the cochlea vibrate in response to different sound frequencies and convert the vibrations into nerve impulses. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM. (lookformedical.com)
Membrane5
  • Hair cells have a bundle of elongated microvilli called stereocilia that project from the apical membrane into an extracellular gelatinous material that overlies the sensory area in each vestibular organ. (cdc.gov)
  • Cilia from the hair cells extend into the fluid and are embedded in a gelatinous membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anatomically, the ear can be divided into 3 parts: the outer ear, the middle ear Middle ear The space and structures directly internal to the tympanic membrane and external to the inner ear (labyrinth). (lecturio.com)
  • The middle ear Middle ear The space and structures directly internal to the tympanic membrane and external to the inner ear (labyrinth). (lecturio.com)
  • The basilar membrane vibration causes the hair cells to bend and potassium channels to open. (anatomy.app)
Organ4
  • Disadvantages: 1) The hair cells and supporting cells in the organ of Corti are very small. (cdc.gov)
  • The organ of Corti has thousands of neurotransmitting hair cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Within the cochlea is the organ of Corti, containing about 30,000 hair cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • All auditory information is transduced by only 15,000 hair cells (organ of Corti), of which the so-called inner hair cells, numbering 3,500, are critically important, since they form synapses with approximately 90% of the 30,000 primary auditory neurons (figure 2). (cloudaccess.net)
Occurs1
  • An inner ear infection occurs at the labyrinth which is a delicate structure deep inside the ear responsible for balance and hearing. (weilab.com)
Hair12
  • They use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kinocilium is the only sensory aspect of the hair cell and is what causes hair cell polarization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on whether the tilt is in the direction of the kinocilium or not, the resulting hair cell polarisation is excitatory (depolarising) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation), respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the direction of bending, the hair cells will either be excited or inhibited resulting in either an increase or decrease in firing frequency of the hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The stereocilia on the hair cells project into the overlying gelatinous material called the cupula. (cdc.gov)
  • A gelatinous partition ( cupula ) covers each ampulla and is displaced by rotation of the head, displacing hair cells so that they generate impulses. (mhmedical.com)
  • The cilia on the ends of hair cells within the inner ear are bent and an electrical signal is generated. (earsite.com)
  • On the floor of the ductus cochlearis two ridges appear, of which the inner forms the limbus lamine spiralis, whilst the cells of the outer become modified to form the rods of Corti, the hair cells, and the supporting cells of Deiters and Hensen. (co.ma)
  • The hair cells in the vestibular system are responsible for detecting movement rather than sound. (weilab.com)
  • Hair follicles in the saccule and utricle add to the balance information by providing feedback about the position of the head in reference to gravity (vertical orientation) as well as detecting linear motion of the head. (revitalhealth.ca)
  • The inner and outer hair cells are separated from each other by an abundant layer of support cells. (cloudaccess.net)
  • Clustering of Ca2+ channels and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels at fluorescently labeled presynaptic active zones of hair cells. (uchicago.edu)
Horizontal1
  • The utricle detects linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane. (wikipedia.org)
Bone1
  • The vestibular system often referred to as the labyrinth, is a labyrinth-like arrangement of bone and soft tissue in the inner ear that regulates balance and movement. (ezinetwork.org)
Ducts1
  • NIH/NIDCD (National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) vestibular system components of the inner ear The arcuate ducts are present throughout the labyrinth. (ezinetwork.org)
Gelatinous1
  • and (3) an intervening layer of gelatinous tissue, which is ultimately absorbed, leaving the perilymphatic space between the bony and membranous labyrinths. (co.ma)
Labyrinthitis1