Known receptors g protein coupled. Medical search. Frequent questions

The GPCRdb database is the main repository of curated data for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (wikipedia.org)
Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
The most frequently mutated GPCRs include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Smoothened (SMO), glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs), members of the adhesion family of GPCRs and receptors for bioactive lipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that accumulate in the tumour microenvironment. (nature.com)
Aberrant expression, overexpression or signal reprogramming of GPCRs and G proteins in tumour cells can contribute to cancer development and progression. (nature.com)
G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
These studies indicate that G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate many physiological processes by transducing a variety of extracellular cues into intracellular responses. (nih.gov)
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate and desensitize agonist-occupied GPCRs. (duke.edu)
Background G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in lots of natural processes and represent a significant class of drug targets. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Furthermore, pre-exposure of GPCR transgenic pets to its ligand prospects to receptor desensitisation and behavioural version to following ligand publicity, providing further proof integration from the mammalian GPCRs in to the em C. elegans /em sensory signalling equipment. (exposed-skin-care.net)
As with mammalian systems, GPCRs play a significant part in the recognition of sensory 1062368-24-4 supplier indicators, and these indicators are relayed in the cell by heterotrimeric G protein. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Therefore, we attempt to check whether we'd elicit ligand-dependent behavioural reactions in em C. elegans /em by expressing mammalian GPCRs in the ASH and ADL gustatory neurons, because they are straight exposed to the surroundings allowing gain access to of proteins and peptide ligands towards the heterologous receptors. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Because they are involved in so many physiological processes, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are engaged by roughly 40% of marketed drugs and remain a prime target for the development of new therapeutics. (cqdm.org)
Recent Advances: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal in response to metabolites have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. (ox.ac.uk)
The recent increase in the number of X-ray crystal structures of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been enabling for structure-based drug design (SBDD) efforts. (upf.edu)
This review focuses on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), examining techniques that can be applied to both receptors in membranes and after solubilisation. (aston.ac.uk)
For GPCRs, the main measure of receptor activation is to investigate the association of the G protein with the receptor. (aston.ac.uk)
For meaningful results, all protein classes have to be tractable, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (centogene.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of transmembrane proteins, are widespread and play important roles in the nervous system. (grantome.com)
Glutamate interacts with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and GABA with GABAB receptors (GABABRs), both of which are GPCRs. (grantome.com)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of membrane proteins that transduce exterior stimuli into intracellular signals. (mdpi.com)
In particular, recent progress in understanding 3D structures and the conceptual advances showing that GPCRs transduce signals through pathways other than G proteins is noteworthy. (mdpi.com)
Since antibodies bind to their specific targets, protein engineering is also required to structurally alter antibodies and allow structural determination of the GPCRs. (myassignment-services.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest receptor family, relay environmental stimuli to changes in cell behavior and represent prime drug targets. (ista.ac.at)
Many GPCRs are classified as orphan receptors because of the limited knowledge on their ligands and coupling to cellular signaling machineries. (ista.ac.at)
Here, we engineer a library of 63 chimeric receptors that contain the signaling domains of human orphan and understudied GPCRs functionally linked to the light-sensing domain of rhodopsin. (ista.ac.at)
These results demonstrate that substituting unknown chemical activators with a light switch can reveal information about protein function and provide an optically controlled protein library for exploring the physiology and therapeutic potential of understudied GPCRs. (ista.ac.at)

It integrates various web tools and diagrams for GPCR analysis and stores manual annotations of all GPCR crystal structures made available through the PDB (Protein Data Bank), has the largest collections of receptor mutants and reference sequence alignments. (wikipedia.org)
It crosslinks to the GuideToPharmacology database and has adopted the official NC-IUPHAR receptor naming nomenclature, has exchange with GPCR servers, and has also recently become part of the GPCR Consortium set out to generate an unprecedented number of crystal structures. (wikipedia.org)
The valuable source of large-scale genomic information initiated attempts to identify the origin(s) of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), count and categorize those genes, and follow their evolutionary history. (springer.com)
The chapter summarizes evolutionary processes working on GPCR genes and sheds light on their consequences at the levels of receptor structure and function. (springer.com)
Moreover, we dissected the signaling pathway from the cell surface receptors to RhoA using a broad-spectrum G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonist, [D-Arg1,D-Trp5,7,9,Leu11]Substance P (SP), and a recently reported Galphaq/11-selective inhibitor, YM-254890. (nih.gov)
Our results suggest that RhoA is activated in various lung cancer cells independent of its expression levels, and the high activation state of RhoA in SCLC cells mainly depends on a neuroendocrine peptide autocrine system which signals through Galpha12 coupled GPCR to RhoA. (nih.gov)
These antibodies belong to a network of natural antibodies against adrenergic, cholinergic and other G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which were shown to be dysregulated and dysfunctional in various autoimmune diseases ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Oomycetes possess a family of novel proteins called GPCR-PIPKs (GKs) that are composed of a seven-transmembrane spanning (7-TM) domain fused to a phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) domain. (wur.nl)
Context: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-G1 (ADGRG1) is the most abundant GPCR in human pancreatic islets, but its role in islet function is unclear. (lu.se)
Using em C. elegans /em to review em in vivo /em GPCR-ligand connections is an benefit because functional appearance of heterologous olfactory receptors in the AWA and AWB olfactory neurons provides previously been proven (Milani em et al /em ) [5] and our unpublished observations. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Furthermore, the ASH and ADL neurons communicate a large selection of G subunits [3], raising the probability of GPCR-G proteins conversation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is composed of hundreds of members and is expressed in eukaryotes. (tennessee.edu)
Most conceptual principles for regulation of GPCR, such as desensitization, have been established as textbook models based on the study of β2 adrenergic receptors. (mdpi.com)
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are proteins found in the cell membrane that hold together the extracellular substances so that signals can be transmitted from them to an intracellular molecule called guanine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein. (myassignment-services.com)
The GPCR affects constriction and relaxation and blood vessels, increases protein and DNA synthesis and indirectly regulates the RAS tissues. (myassignment-services.com)

Kim JY, Haastert PV, Devreotes PN (1996) Social senses: G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways in Dictyostelium discoideum . (springer.com)
Multiple endocytic pathways of G protein-coupled receptors delineated by GIT1 sensitivity. (duke.edu)
Receptors transduce these signals to alter intracellular metabolism and cellular responsiveness through heterotrimeric G protein/second messenger pathways or through small GTP-binding protein/protein kinase cascades. (duke.edu)
We showed that receptor pathways mediated by Gs-coupling were regulated through a strictly phosphorylation-dependent process, while Gq-mediated signalling could be modulated in a phosphorylation-independent way. (open.ac.uk)
Receptors and signaling pathways evaluated were selected for their potential therapeutic value as targets for cancer as well as neurologic disease. (cqdm.org)
When activated, these receptors initiate a multitude of signaling transduction pathways important in mediating modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission (one of the major ways cells communicate with each other). (grantome.com)
Upon stimulation with visible light, we identify activation of canonical cell signaling pathways, including cAMP-, Ca2+-, MAPK/ERK-, and Rho-dependent pathways, downstream of the engineered receptors. (ista.ac.at)

The GPCRdb browsing system is structured on most relevant categories which are: GPCRdb Receptors G Proteins B-Arrestins Biased Signaling Ligands Drugs Structure Constructs Tutorials, workshops and documentation of use. (wikipedia.org)
Violin JD, Lefkowitz RJ (2007) Beta-arrestin-biased ligands at seven-transmembrane receptors. (springer.com)
This group of G protein-coupled receptors share lipid mediators as ligands. (rndsystems.com)
Assessing the binding of 17 ligands of varying efficacy to the β2AR in the absence and presence of Nb60 or Nb80 reveals large ligand-specific effects that can only be explained using an allosteric model which assumes equilibrium amongst at least three receptor states. (nih.gov)
These data demonstrate that ligands can initiate a wide range of cellular responses by differentially stabilizing multiple receptor states. (nih.gov)
Allosteric ligands modulate receptor function by binding to a site distinct from the recognition site for the endogenous agonist. (aspetjournals.org)
Characterisation of receptors can involve either assessment of their ability to bind ligands or measure receptor activation as a result of agonist or inverse agonist interactions. (aston.ac.uk)

Beneficial effects of collagen type III on β-cell function via activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, suppression of RhoA and caspase-3 activity, increased β-cell viability, and proliferation were abolished when ADGRG1 was downregulated in β-cells. (lu.se)

R&D Systems offers antibodies for the receptors listed below, as well as agonists for the cannabinoid receptors. (rndsystems.com)
However, how agonists with varying efficacy modulate these receptor states to initiate cellular responses is not well understood. (nih.gov)
Agonists generally exert efficacy by stabilizing the active Nb80-stabilized receptor state (R80). (nih.gov)
In contrast, for a number of partial agonists, both stabilization of R80 and destabilization of the inactive, Nb60-bound state (R60) contribute to their ability to modulate receptor activation. (nih.gov)
For example, beta-agonists, the rescue medication inhaled by asthmatics, act at airway smooth muscle beta2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) to relax the airways. (duke.edu)
The expression of MRGPRX2 by skin mast cells and the levels of the MRGPRX2 agonists (eg, substance P, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase) are upregulated in the serum and/or skin of patients with inflammatory and pruritic skin diseases, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria or atopic dermatitis. (iasp-pain.org)

A series of tools made available in the homepage for the GPCRdb can be run in the web browser to analyze structures, sequence similarities, receptor relationships, homology models, drug trends, genetic variants and ligand target profiles. (wikipedia.org)
GPRs are cell surface receptors that activate guanine-nucleotide binding proteins upon the binding of a ligand. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. (nih.gov)
Ligand binding to an extracellular orthosteric pocket propagates conformational change to the receptor cytosolic region to promote binding and activation of downstream signalling effectors such as G proteins and β-arrestins. (nih.gov)
Recent studies propose that N-arachidonyl glycine (NAGly), a carboxylic analogue of anandamide, is an endogenous ligand of the Gα(i/o) protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18). (unboundmedicine.com)
The nociceptive neurons, ASH and ADL, travel repulsive reactions, [6] therefore receptor activation is usually reflected within an avoidance response on ligand publicity, which may be analysed using strong behavioural assays [7,8]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
We have used the pheromone alpha-factor receptor (Ste2p) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to understand ligand binding, receptor activation, and G protein interaction. (tennessee.edu)
After ligand binding, signal transduction is mediated by the interaction of activated Ste2p with its G protein (Gpa1p). (tennessee.edu)
Some residues were found to be in close proximity and displayed different interacting patterns due to conformational changes of the receptor upon ligand binding. (tennessee.edu)
The information we gathered here allows us to understand more about the physical interactions of alpha-factor, Ste2p, and Gpa1p and provides us insights about the initiation and activation of the signal transduction pathway of a peptide ligand receptor. (tennessee.edu)

CCR5 is usually a chemokine receptor that binds MIP-1 (CCL3), MIP-1 (CCL4) and RANTES, and directs chemotactic reactions in leucocytes. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Mutational analysis and chimeric constructs have revealed that allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing, metabotropic glutamate and GABA B receptors bind to the seven transmembrane domain, through which they modify signal transduction after receptor activation. (aspetjournals.org)

Furthermore, increasing biophysical evidence, primarily using the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) as a model system, supports the existence of multiple active and inactive conformational states. (nih.gov)
In patients with infection-triggered onset, the associations of low sCD26 with elevated autoantibodies (AAB) against alpha1 adrenergic (AR) and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) point to a pathomechanism of infection-triggered autoimmune-mediated vascular and immunological dysregulation. (frontiersin.org)
Autoantibodies (AAB) against nuclear and membrane structures as well as neurotransmitter receptors including muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3/M4-antibodies (M3-mAChR/M4-mAChR) and beta-1 and -2-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR/beta2-AR) have been described in patients with ME/CFS ( 3 , 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
This protein initially was identified as an interacting partner for the G protein-coupled receptor kinases, and its overexpression was found to affect signaling and internalization of the prototypical beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. (duke.edu)

Monoclonal antibodies reveal receptor specificity among G-protein-coupled receptor kinases. (duke.edu)
Receptor and G betagamma isoform-specific interactions with G protein-coupled receptor kinases. (duke.edu)
Key molecular determinants of this process are G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and arrestins (Chuang, 1996a). (open.ac.uk)
A family of serine-threonine kinases that are specific for G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)

False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. (nih.gov)
The number of functional bitter taste receptor genes varies among species and orthologues might not be functionally conserved. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Genetic drift and selective forces have shaped the individual structure of a given receptor gene but also of the species-specific receptor repertoire - a process that is still ongoing. (springer.com)
These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
The protein encoded by P2RY8 gene is composed of 359-amino acids and belongs to the P2Y family of G-protein coupled receptors that are preferentially activated by adenosine and uridine nucleotides. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The ADGRE2 gene provides instructions for making a protein found in several types of immune system cells, including mast cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The ADGRE2 gene mutation that causes vibratory urticaria, written as Cys492Tyr or C492Y, replaces the protein building block (amino acid) cysteine with the amino acid tyrosine at position 492 of the protein sequence. (medlineplus.gov)
SUMMARY A direct correlation between HIV infection and mutation in the chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene has been established. (who.int)
HIV-1 is influenced by a mutation in the 1 infection with a typical delay of 2-4 years chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene [ 3,4 ]. (who.int)

G protein-coupled receptors comprise of the largest receptor family in the human genome. (myassignment-services.com)

Ischemic stroke increases membrane-bound G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) distribution and expression in the brain of male but not female mice. (monash.edu)
Does a novel estrogen receptor worsen stroke outcome? (monash.edu)
Multi-walled carbon nanotube s inhibit estrogen receptor expression in vivo and in vitro through transforming growth factor beta1. (cdc.gov)
Mice exposed to MWCNTs had reduced mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (Esr1 and Esr2, respectively) in lung tissue at multiple time-points post exposure, whereas expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (Gper1) was more variable. (cdc.gov)
The reduction in estrogen receptor expression was concomitant to an increase in TGF-β1 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of MWCNT-exposed animals. (cdc.gov)
Overall these results highlight a novel mechanism of MWCNT-induced signaling where MWCNT-induced regulation of TGF-β1 represses estrogen receptor expression. (cdc.gov)

The results of this work will further our understanding of how metabotropic receptors contribute to auditory signal processing/temporal coding, and help lay the groundwork for decisions about possible therapeutic approaches to hearing defects related to altered synaptic transmission, such as dyslexia, tinnitus, and age-related hearing loss. (grantome.com)

GPR75 receptor mediates 20-HETE-signaling and metastatic features of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and neural tube closure defects. (nih.gov)
Other downstream effectors of Gα(i/o)-coupled receptors, G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylate cyclase, were not modulated by GPR18 signaling. (unboundmedicine.com)
Thus, GIT1 is a protein involved in regulating the function of signaling receptors internalized through the clathrin pathway and can be used as a diagnostic tool for defining the endocytic pathway of a receptor. (duke.edu)
Dysregulated estrogen signaling through altered receptor expression may have potential consequences on lung function. (cdc.gov)

GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation is preceded by the agonist-dependent membrane association of this enzyme. (duke.edu)
Membrane proteins are challenging to analyze by native mass spectrometry (MS) as their hydrophobic nature typically requires detergent micelles that are removed prior to analysis via collisional activation. (fu-berlin.de)
We show how tuning the intensity and time of incident photons enables liberation of membrane proteins from detergent micelles. (fu-berlin.de)
Top-down MS via infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), results in good sequence coverage enabling unambiguous identification of membrane proteins and their complexes. (fu-berlin.de)
The ADGRE2 protein consists of two parts (subunits) that interact with each other: an alpha subunit that lies on the outside surface of the cell and a beta subunit that crosses the cell membrane and extends into the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

Allosteric receptor modulation is an attractive concept in drug targeting because it offers important potential advantages over conventional orthosteric agonism or antagonism. (aspetjournals.org)
This article reviews the current status of allosteric modulation at family C G-protein coupled receptors in the light of their specific structural features on the one hand and current concepts in receptor theory on the other hand. (aspetjournals.org)
The positive allosteric calcium sensing receptor modulator cinacalcet is the first drug of this type to enter the market and therefore provides proof of principle in humans. (aspetjournals.org)

They often have no effect on their own and therefore act only in conjunction with physiological receptor activation. (aspetjournals.org)
Critical physiological events throughout the body are controlled by extracellular signals from neurotransmitters and hormones acting on cell surface receptors. (duke.edu)
These new tools (FRET biosensors) and promising models (knock-in mice) enable physiological and directly detectable expression of the targeted receptor and/or effector protein. (cqdm.org)

The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a multiligand receptor responding to various exogenous and endogenous stimuli. (iasp-pain.org)
Their importance lies in the roles of signalling responses to various extracellular stimuli, from hormones and proteins to neurotransmitters. (myassignment-services.com)

We synthesized CCs with sertindole attached to the CC scaffold in different orientations to target the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells. (centogene.com)

Family C G-protein-coupled receptors are characterized by a large extracellular domain containing the orthosteric agonist binding site known as the "venus flytrap module" because of its bilobal structure and the dynamics of its activation mechanism. (aspetjournals.org)

It is a specialized pseudostratified neuroepithelium containing the primary olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
Odorants diffuse into the mucous and are transported to the olfactory receptor. (medscape.com)

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (harvard.edu)
The signal transduction pathway of the receptor starts from sensing outside signal and then activates G proteins. (tennessee.edu)

also known as the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor), which together with IL7 receptor alpha forms a heterodimeric complex that acts at the functional receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (reviewed in Roll and Reuther, 2010). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Mutants of GPR18, designed to constitutively activate receptors, did not tonically inhibit calcium currents, indicating a lack of GPR18 activation or coupling to endogenous G proteins. (unboundmedicine.com)
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2018). However, despite advancements in technology, it has been difficult to extract quality fragments from the GCPR crystallography, due to the requirement of drastic protein engineering. (myassignment-services.com)

Oesterhelt D (1998) The structure and mechanism of the family of retinal proteins from halophilic archaea. (springer.com)
GPR75 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. (nih.gov)
Recently, we identified a GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family of small GTP-binding proteins that we call GIT1. (duke.edu)

Unbiased chemoproteomic profiling of small-molecule interactions with endogenous proteins is important for drug discovery. (centogene.com)

We showed that in a heterologous expression system recombinant hPAFR stimulated inositol phosphates production and intracellular cAMP accumulation, through the coupling with Gq/ 11 and Gs proteins, respectively. (open.ac.uk)
We also showed that PAF could stimulate intracellular cAMP accumulation in lymphocytes, suggesting that PAFR-coupling with adenylyl cyclase may be important also for endogenously expressed receptors. (open.ac.uk)

Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 and its activators in dermatologic allergies. (iasp-pain.org)

Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein-coupled receptors," Nature Communications , vol. 9, no. 1. (ista.ac.at)

Proper expression and trafficking of receptor were confirmed by the "rim-like" fluorescence of fluorescently tagged receptor and the positive staining of external hemagglutinin-tagged GPR18-expressing cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
We localized ESR1 protein expression as primarily associated with bronchioles and within inflammatory macrophages. (cdc.gov)
We confirmed a role for TGF-β1 in mediating MWCNT-induced repression of ESR1 mRNA expression using a TGF-β type-I receptor inhibitor in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. (cdc.gov)

The specificity of the GIT1 effect is not related to the type of G protein to which a receptor couples, but rather to the endocytic route it uses. (duke.edu)

Fujisawa Y, Kato H, Iwasaki Y (2001) Structure and function of heterotrimeric G proteins in plants. (springer.com)
They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. (harvard.edu)

20-HETE Signals Through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR75 (G(q)) to Affect Vascular Function and Trigger Hypertension. (nih.gov)
The relaxin receptor RXFP1 signals through a mechanism of autoinhibition. (harvard.edu)

There is however a practical limit to the amount of energy which can be applied, which often precludes subsequent characterization by top-down MS. To overcome this barrier, we have applied a modified Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer coupled to an infrared laser within a high-pressure linear ion trap. (fu-berlin.de)
Our new CCMS workflow broadens the arsenal of chemoproteomic technologies to close a critical gap for the comprehensive characterization of drug-protein interactions. (centogene.com)

Mechanisms whereby these receptors improve temporal processing in hearing will be revealed at cellular and molecular levels. (grantome.com)

There are eight mammalian P2Y receptors known to date ( P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , P2Y6 , P2Y11 , P2Y12 , P2Y13 and P2Y14 ) and they are found in most human tissues. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science2

GPCRs28

GPCR15

Pathways7

Ligands7

Kinase1

Agonists6

Ligand10

Chemokine receptor that binds1

Seven-transmembrane1

Adrenergic4

Kinases4

Genes2

Gene7

Largest receptor family1

Estrogen receptor6

Metabotropic1

Signaling5

Membrane5

Allosteric3

Physiological3

Stimuli2

Dopamine1

Extracellular1

Olfactory5

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION2

Functional1

Activation5

20181

Family3

Endogenous1

Intracellular2

Activators1

Orphan1

Expression3

Specificity1

Heterotrimeric2

Signals2

Characterization2

Mechanisms1

P2Y21