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HerbivoreInvertebrate herbivoryHerbivoresTraitsInteractionsSusceptibility to HerbivoryPatternsPlantVegetationResponsesResistancePlantsNutrient enrichmentAbioticInsectsDeutschParasitismUngulateNegativelyEffectsTemperateVaries significantlyPlantingsExperimentalDiversityConsumptionChemical ecologyClimateDifferencesLevelsShrubsGradientFunctionalHerbivorousReduceDamageTreeStudy
Herbivore6
  • Conclusions Plantinsect interactions influence reforestation through growth-limiting herbivore pressure on seedlings, and this herbivory is likely facilitated by reforestation methods that favour monocultures of fast-growing species that lack strong antiherbivore defences. (mpg.de)
  • We ask (a) how parasitoid community composition varies with local abiotic conditions, (b) how the community-level response of parasitoids is linked to species-specific traits (koino- or idiobiont life cycle strategy and phenology) and (c) whether the effects of varying abiotic conditions extend to interaction outcomes (parasitism rates on the focal herbivore and realized herbivory rates).3. (slu.se)
  • Microclimatic effects also extend to parasitism and herbivory, with an increase in the parasitism rates of the main herbivore S. zetterstedtii with higher temperature and lower humidity, and a matching increase in herbivory rates.5. (slu.se)
  • It is concluded that, in spite of the low levels of herbivory on P. oceanica in the Mediterranean, this seagrass supports a high herbivore production due to its large primary production. (int-res.com)
  • Plant resistance to HERBIVORY by causing injury, death, reduced longevity, or reduced reproduction of the herbivore. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant's resistance to HERBIVORY by effecting the way an herbivore perceives the desirability of the plant as a food source. (bvsalud.org)
Invertebrate herbivory5
  • This is a dataset of environmental data, vegetation cover, and community- and species-level invertebrate herbivory, sampled at 14 experimental soil plots in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, from May to July 2017. (data.gov.uk)
  • Chapter II explores the patterns of invertebrate herbivory and their underlying drivers along extensive elevational and land use gradients on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Want to take part in a study that aims for development of a standardized protocol to measure invertebrate herbivory in the tundra? (uarctic.org)
  • To recommend robust sampling protocols to measure invertebrate herbivory in tundra we first need to understand some basic things. (uarctic.org)
  • The goal of this study is to assess the occurrence and intensity of invertebrate herbivory at different tundra sites. (uarctic.org)
Herbivores4
  • For example, leaf toughness, which is an effective defence against many herbivores, was negatively related to herbivory at multiple time periods. (mpg.de)
  • Some plants avoid herbivory by decreasing their apparency or 'hiding' from herbivores in spatial or temporal refuges . (scientistcindy.com)
  • Plants may reduce herbivory by growing in areas inaccessible to herbivores as represented in the figure above. (scientistcindy.com)
  • In such circumstances simulating herbivory could yield significant insights into plant response to damage, thereby improving the efficiency of agent prioritisation, increasing the chances of regulating the performance of invasive plants through herbivory and minimising potential risks posed by release of multiple herbivores. (qld.gov.au)
Traits2
  • We also measured and compared species traits associated with defence against herbivory (carbon to nitrogen ratio, polyphenolic concentration, tensile strength, and compensatory growth). (csic.es)
  • To fully understand how susceptibility or resistance to insect herbivory is affected by plant traits and habitat heterogeneity, these have to be studied together in both natural and agricultural settings. (wur.nl)
Interactions2
  • By quantifying neighbor interactions among 199 genotypes grown in a randomized block design, we predicted that 823 of the 19,701 candidate pairs could reduce herbivory through associational resistance. (biorxiv.org)
  • 1. In a warming world, changes in climate may result in species-level responses as well as changes in community structure through knock-on effects on ecological interactions such as predation and herbivory. (slu.se)
Susceptibility to Herbivory1
  • This may explain why reduced levels of secondary metabolites in crop plants may only partially explain increased susceptibility to herbivory. (wur.nl)
Patterns5
  • First, I give an overview of the elevational patterns of species diversity/richness and herbivory published in the literature. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The overview illuminates existing debates on elevational patterns of species diversity/richness and herbivory. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Findings also revealed differences in the levels and patterns of herbivory among feeding guilds and between anthropogenic and natural habitats. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Spatial patterns in herbivory on a coral reef are influenced by struct" by Adriana Verges, Mathew Vanderklift et al. (edu.au)
  • Patterns of herbivory varied through time, resulting in changes in the importance of plant defences. (mpg.de)
Plant13
  • We used genome-wide polymorphisms of the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana to identify genotype pairs that enhance associational resistance to herbivory. (biorxiv.org)
  • We have made the surprising observation that an Arabidopsis line (pdko3) mutated in genes encoding plasmodesmal proteins is defective in some, but not all, of the typical plant responses to herbivory. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Tree growth (stem diameter, plant height and crown expansion) and herbivory (percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers) were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013. (uzh.ch)
  • We were able to list 197 plant taxa negatively affected by the three cervid species, as opposed to 24 that benefited from their herbivory. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Methods This study directly evaluates the effects of herbivory on seedling growth and the role of two putative plant defences, saponins and leaf toughness, in limiting herbivory in reforestation. (mpg.de)
  • Sensitive plants (Mimosa pudica) limit herbivory by folding up their leaves after being touched (b), thus mimicking a dead, leafless plant. (scientistcindy.com)
  • We simulated herbivory by damaging the leaves, stem, root and tuber of the plant, in isolation and in combination. (qld.gov.au)
  • Understanding how plants defend themselves may provide new information for plant breeders to select crop varieties that are better able to resist herbivory. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, insect herbivory early in the season can affect the community of insects surrounding that plant even after the initial attacker is gone (Poelman et al. (springer.com)
  • There were two very early pathways to tetrapod herbivory in edaphosaurid evolution, one toward generalized browsing on high-fiber plant items ( Edaphosaurus ) and the other ( Gordodon ) toward more specialized browsing, at least some of it likely on higher nutrient, low fiber plant items. (palaeo-electronica.org)
  • However, the hypothesis that elevated UV-B modifies herbivory, whether mediated by phenolics or other plant constituents, has rarely been studied experimentally. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes in the composition and diversity of aboveground plant communities. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we use data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range of climatic and environmental conditions, to test the joint effects of fertilization and aboveground mammalian herbivory on seed banks and on the similarity between aboveground plant communities and seed banks. (bvsalud.org)
Vegetation5
  • Land management practices often directly alter vegetation structure and composition, but the degree to which ecological processes such as herbivory interact with management to influence biodiversity is less well understood. (usgs.gov)
  • Vegetation structure, composition and crop‐tree responses to herbivory varied across the gradient of herbicide application during the first two years of stand establishment, with herbivory effects most evident at intermediate herbicide treatments. (usgs.gov)
  • Herbivory further suppressed the growth of competing vegetation in the Light herbicide treatment, improving crop‐tree survival, and providing early evidence of an ecosystem service. (usgs.gov)
  • We reviewed the literature reporting negative or positive effects on vegetation of herbivory by caribou/reindeer, moose, and white-tailed deer in light of the hypothesis of exploitation ecosystems (EEH), which predicts that most of the negative impacts will occur in areas where wolves were extirpated. (ucalgary.ca)
  • 2016). Identification of herbivory in these tetrapods is based primarily on their dentition and skull structures, which indicate, to varying degrees, the ability to crop and masticate vegetation. (palaeo-electronica.org)
Responses4
  • Separation of early and late responses to herbivory in Arabidopsis by changing plasmodesmal function. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The mutations in genes for plasmodesmal proteins have provided valuable genetic tools for the dissection of the complex spectrum of responses to herbivory and shown us that the responses to herbivory can be separated into a calcium-activated oxidative response and a K(+) -dependent Vm-activated jasmonate response associated with the release of VOCs. (jic.ac.uk)
  • This study reports the analysis of the putative ML gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and suggests a role for the ML3 gene in herbivory-associated responses in plants. (cas.cz)
  • The data suggest that ML3 is involved in herbivory-mediated responses in Arabidopsis and that it has a potential role in herbivory-associated molecular pattern recognition. (cas.cz)
Resistance2
  • Separating ontogenetic and environmental determination of resistance to herbivory in cottonwood. (nau.edu)
  • We used narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, and the gall-forming aphid, Pemphigus betae, to determine the extent to which ontogenetic variation in resistance to herbivory is due to endogenous, stable genetic influences. (nau.edu)
Plants4
  • Though the exact definition of herbivory varies significantly between scientists, most define herbivorous lepidosaurs as those that consume plants for approximately 70-90% of its diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • ML3 lossof-function Arabidopsis plants were compromised in the upregulation of herbivory-induced genes and displayed a semi-dwarf phenotype. (cas.cz)
  • Herbivory bioassays showed that larvae of S. littoralis fed on ml3 mutant plants gained more weight compared to larvae fed on wild-type plants while larvae of P. xylostella did not show any significant difference. (cas.cz)
  • Fitness advantages for Californian plants occur despite incurring higher herbivory at both sites than the native Oregonian plants. (mimubase.org)
Nutrient enrichment1
  • Our findings highlight that nutrient enrichment can weaken a diversity maintaining mechanism in grasslands, and that herbivory needs to be considered when assessing nutrient enrichment effects on seed bank abundance. (bvsalud.org)
Abiotic1
  • We then assessed whether the same abiotic variables also affect parasitism and herbivory rates, by applying generalized linear and additive mixed models.4. (slu.se)
Insects1
  • I recorded standing leaf herbivory from leaf chewers, leaf miners and gall-inducing insects on 55 study sites located in natural and anthropogenic habitats distributed from 866 to 3060 meters above sea level (m asl) on Mt. Kilimanjaro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Deutsch1
  • 2018 ). In agriculture, however, farmers suffer significant crop losses from insect herbivory (Deutsch et al. (springer.com)
Parasitism1
  • We recorded the local communities of parasitoids, herbivory rates on Dryas flowers and parasitism rates in Sympistis larvae at 20 sites along a mountain slope. (slu.se)
Ungulate2
Negatively1
  • Herbivory was negatively related to sapling growth, and damage during the first 6 mo of plot establishment decreased growth even after 5 yr. (mpg.de)
Effects5
  • Five of the exclosures were of a 3-part design with a total-exclusion portion, a livestock-exclusion portion, and a combined-use portion which permitted the effects of deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory to be measured separately from those of livestock. (arizona.edu)
  • Overall, we found no impact of any pesticide on immature development time and relatively weak effects on larval herbivory or survival to adulthood. (nature.com)
  • We argue that studies investigating the effects of secondary metabolites on insect herbivory are compromised by the methodological approach that is often used. (wur.nl)
  • The effects of planktivorous fish on phytoplankton through nutrient recycling and zooplankton herbivory were experimentally separated and their relative importance quantified in a eutrophic humic lake. (lu.se)
  • article{63d25276-c002-4471-988c-19f627cd9a9d, abstract = {{The effects of planktivorous fish on phytoplankton through nutrient recycling and zooplankton herbivory were experimentally separated and their relative importance quantified in a eutrophic humic lake. (lu.se)
Temperate1
  • This article examines leaf herbivory in four temperate and five tropical sea grass environments to assess the extent of this variability and relate it to differences in leaf specific growth rate. (tdl.org)
Varies significantly1
  • Since the magnitude of herbivory on sea grass varies significantly among and within species, its importance in sea grass production is controversial. (tdl.org)
Plantings1
Experimental3
  • The experimental results indicate that enhanced herbivory on exposed islands following Hurricane Lili was caused, at least in part, by increased susceptibility of the sprouted foliage to herbivorous arthropods. (cornell.edu)
  • Here, we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family (SF) diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages. (uzh.ch)
  • Experimental studies investigating how meso-wildlife, megaherbivores and domestic livestock affect height of resprouts following fire are rare, but necessary for fully understanding how herbivory may reinforce (or counteract) the fire trap. (ac.ke)
Diversity1
  • In contrast, SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures. (uzh.ch)
Consumption1
Chemical ecology1
  • Can chemical ecology and diverse planting designs be applied to decrease herbivory in tropical reforestation? (mpg.de)
Climate2
  • Our study uncovers the role of leaf nutrient stoichiometry and its linkages to climate in explaining the variation in leaf herbivory along climatic gradients. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Lagging Adaptation to Climate Supersedes Local Adaptation to Herbivory in an Annual Monkeyflower. (mimubase.org)
Differences1
  • In this paper we discuss these two approaches to better understand differences in levels of insect herbivory between agricultural and natural ecosystems. (wur.nl)
Levels2
  • A fish-exclosure study in 1994 and 1995 showed that herbivory and sediment-disturbance (probably by carp and white suckers) is partly responsible for the macrophyte decline, but productivity in the protected areas did not return to the high levels observed in the late 1980s. (unl.edu)
  • For example, what are the average levels of herbivory? (uarctic.org)
Shrubs1
  • Seven months after the manipulation, herbivory was 68% higher on pruned shrubs than on controls. (cornell.edu)
Gradient1
  • Results revealed an unimodal pattern of total leaf herbivory along the elevation gradient in natural habitats. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Functional1
  • We suggest that previously marginal species can achieve a degree of functional redundancy, and that their compensatory herbivory may play an important role in ecosystem resilience. (nature.com)
Herbivorous2
Reduce1
Damage1
  • Herbivory results in an array of physiological changes in the host that are separable from the associated physical damage. (jic.ac.uk)
Tree2
  • Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on herbivory. (uzh.ch)
  • 1. Savanna tree cover is dynamic due to disturbances such as fire and herbivory. (ac.ke)
Study3
  • The authors of this study found that this clade evolved herbivory approximately 65 times faster than other squamates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following Hurricane Lili, which passed directly over the site of our ongoing study in Great Exuma, Bahamas, herbivory increased on devastated islands exposed to the storm surge, but not on protected islands. (cornell.edu)
  • This study demonstrates the potential for reducing herbivory and improving sapling growth by reforesting with polycultures of fast-growing and well-defended species. (mpg.de)