AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Adenylate KinasePhosphotransferasesPhosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)Sulfate AdenylyltransferaseThymidine KinaseAdenylate CyclasePhosphatesPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesMAP Kinase Signaling SystemMAP Kinase Kinase KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesProtein Kinase InhibitorsMAP Kinase Kinase 1src-Family KinasesAdenosine MonophosphateCreatine Kinasep38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Protein Kinase CMAP Kinase Kinase 4Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesJNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1KineticsPhosphorylationMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3IsoenzymesAdenosine TriphosphateProtein-Tyrosine KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMAP Kinase Kinase 2MAP Kinase Kinase 3p21-Activated KinasesMAP Kinase Kinase 6Enzyme ActivationMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceSignal TransductionNucleoside-Phosphate KinaseMAP Kinase Kinase 7Pyruvate KinaseCDC2 Protein KinaseCyclin-Dependent KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase KinaseExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesRibosomal Protein S6 KinasesMutationCasein KinasesCasein Kinase IIeIF-2 KinaseAdenosine DiphosphateAdenylate Cyclase ToxinProtein BindingSubstrate SpecificityReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesAdenine NucleotidesBinding SitesCyclic AMPBase SequenceProto-Oncogene Proteins1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-KinaseI-kappa B KinaseCell LineMAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 4Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideCDC2-CDC28 KinasesTransfectionrho-Associated KinasesRecombinant ProteinsDinucleoside PhosphatesProtein Structure, TertiaryAMP-Activated Protein KinasesEnzyme InhibitorsAurora KinasesCells, CulturedFlavonoidsSequence Homology, Amino AcidProtein Kinase C-deltaProtein Kinase C-alphaProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktCloning, MolecularBlotting, WesternEscherichia coliMAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 2Diacylglycerol KinaseRNA, MessengerMAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3Nucleoside-Diphosphate KinaseCalciumPhosphoproteinsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsButadienesMusclesTyrosine
Mitogen-activatCyclaseMAPKProtein kinasePyruvate kinaseProteinsPathwayIsozymesGlucoseReceptorsTyrosineInositolResiduesInhibitorSpecificityMoleculePathwaysConcentrationMethylcobalaminExpressionAdenylLigandsGenesPeptidesOrganicSuggestsComplexCellularGroupActivityMechanismsDomainClassesRoleActivationControlProduceCellsEvolutionTransfer
Mitogen-activat2
Cyclase3
  • Cytokines bind to their receptors, activating signal transduction pathways such as adenylate cyclase/cAMP, phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate, and Ca 2+ and tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The g protein dissociates and one subunit interacts with and activates an enzyme - adenylate cyclase- which converts atp into a second messenger. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • PTS not only transports specific sugars but also in the absence of its substrates, stimulates, through adenylate cyclase (Cya), the production of c AMP which in turn activates the transcription of many c AMP-CRP dependent catabolic genes, including those involved in glycerol utilization [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MAPK2
  • Our previous study showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/ MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-8 at the post-transcriptional level in HPMECs after TNF-α stimulation [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway which is implicated in regulating cell. (kgsepticsewer.com)
Protein kinase13
  • Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key enzyme which regulates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, representing a pharmacological target for tumor therapy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes including proliferation and survival. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The vast majority of protein kinase inhibitors bind at the adenosine. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • Protein kinase a (pka) exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme which activates with increase of camp and plays an important role in many. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • The camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) holoenzyme is composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits, designated pka r and pka c, respectively. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • Protein kinase a (pka) is a well-known kinase that plays fundamental roles in a variety of biological processes. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • Effects of activating protein kinase c int cells a. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • Expression of protein kinase c isozymes in tlymphocytes molecular cloning has revealed the existence of. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • In cell biology, protein kinase a (pka) refers to a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic amp (camp). (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • It's tough to lose fat, and mass doesn't just magically convert to lean muscle, protein kinase a. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • Honig would be of benefit, protein kinase a. (kgsepticsewer.com)
  • This study provides evidence that a switch-protein kinase regulatory network controls availability of σ 66 , the main sigma subunit for transcription in Chlamydia . (plos.org)
  • In vitro analysis revealed that a putative switch-protein kinase regulator, RsbW, is capable of interacting directly with σ 66 , as well as phosphorylating its own antagonist, RsbV1, rendering it inactive. (plos.org)
Pyruvate kinase2
  • The combined results indicate that glycolysis is regulated by the compartmental expression of hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M1, and pyruvate kinase M2 in photoreceptors, whereas the inner retinal neurons exhibit a lower capacity for glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis. (molvis.org)
  • Pyruvate kinase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Proteins1
  • This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)
Pathway3
  • It is well established that most TSH effects on the thyroid gland, including stimulation of proliferation, thyroid hormone synthesis and expression of thyroid-specific genes, are transmitted mainly by the adenylate cyclise pathway. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Moreover, RNF213 was demonstrated to regulate non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption ( 13 ), consequently playing a role in tumor resistance to hypoxia, and to be capable of activating the NF-κB signaling pathway ( 11 , 13 , 14 ), hinting at involvement in the immune response. (biorxiv.org)
  • These regulatory inputs involve not only the conserved Rim101/PacC pathway, but also the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin, the Wsc1-Pkc1-Slt2 MAP kinase, the Snf1 and PKA kinases and oxidative stress-response pathways. (microbialcell.com)
Isozymes1
  • Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondria-associated adenylate kinase, and several mitochondria-associated creatine kinase isozymes was highest in the outer retina, whereas expression of cytosolic adenylate kinase and brain creatine kinase was higher in the cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells indicating the diversity of ATP-buffering strategies among retinal neurons. (molvis.org)
Glucose2
  • The uptake of many nutrients is perturbed by alkalinization of the environment and, consequently, an impact on phosphate, iron/copper and glucose homeostatic mechanisms can also be observed. (microbialcell.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Receptors2
  • The 3' replication has freely activated by RNase Z surface, a mature binding in receptors( reviewed in Maraia and Lamichhane 2011). (evakoch.com)
  • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the classic cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R, respectively), their endogenous ligands, namely endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of these molecules [ 1 , 2 ]. (irjournal.org)
Tyrosine1
  • They remove the phosphate group from both phospho-tyrosine and phospho-serine/threonine residues. (embl.de)
Inositol1
  • However, in human follicular cells and in rat FRTL-5 cells, TSH can also stimulate the β-isoforms of PLC that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-phosphate, yielding the second messengers DAG and inositol 1,4,5-phosphate facil. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Residues5
  • The PPS1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, dephosphorylate phosphotyrosyl, and phosphothreonyl residues in synthetic diphosphorylated peptides and to inactivate the human ERK1 protein. (embl.de)
  • Using a combination of ATP deuterated at the C8 position (C8D-ATP) as a molecular probe with site directed mutagenesis (SDM) of conserved amino acid residues in shikimate kinase and adenylate kinase active sites, we have elucidated a mechanism by which the ATP C8-H is induced to be labile in the broader kinase family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations of the conserved threonine residues associated with the labile C8-H cause the enzymes to lose their saturation kinetics over the concentration range tested. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lability of the C8-H mediated by active site residues co-ordinated to the purine ring of ATP therefore plays a significant role in explaining the broad K M range associated with kinase steady state enzyme activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mechanisms were developed using structurally conserved amino acid residues within hydrogen-bonding distance of a nucleotide in the active sites of crystallised kinases of a particular mechanistic class. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitor1
  • Introduction: CDKN1B gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, regulates the progression throughout G1 to S cell cycle progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Specificity3
  • This domain can be found in dual specificity phosphatases. (embl.de)
  • other specificity is tiny gene activity and distribution browser through the kinase of the R-RasGAP complex ileal to suitable or through the functionality of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
  • When could you possible encounter low specificity for an enzyme? (flashcardmachine.com)
Molecule2
  • Chances are that a change to its molecular structure would disrupt its interaction with some enzyme molecule or other that is essential to the survival of the cell. (heresy.is)
  • E. coli growing aerobically on glycerol incorporates this molecule into central metabolism as dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a metabolite which can participate in both gluconeogenic and glycolytic processes (Figure 1 ) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
  • also, the 5' download volatility trading of the cytoplasm is involved actually by cationic end-product by the RNase proximity water cell, which has a direct RNA( RNA H1 in pathways) and at least 10 Fructose-6-phosphate nucleus( activated in Jarrous 2002, Xiao et al. (evakoch.com)
Concentration3
  • Our findings show that RNF213 represents an undescribed type of a transthiolation E3 enzyme and is regulated by adenine nucleotide concentration via its ATPase core, possibly allowing it to react to changing metabolic conditions in the cell. (biorxiv.org)
  • The relationship between the role C8-H of ATP in the reaction mechanism and the ATP concentration as they influence the saturation kinetics of the enzyme activity is also shown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also demonstrated is the interplay between the role of the C8-H of ATP and the ATP concentration in the observed enzyme activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Methylcobalamin1
  • MIM:614857), a then 11-deoxycortisol focal Defect of Cbl secretion expressed by activated Tregs of the molecules gut( AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin( MeCbl). (evakoch.com)
Expression2
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • The Affymetrix data revealed varied gene expression patterns of the ATP synthesizing and regulating enzymes found in the muscle, liver, and brain. (molvis.org)
Adenyl3
  • It has been demonstrated that the adenyl moiety of ATP plays a direct role in the regulation of ATP binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, a number of conserved mechanisms were proposed, wherein the C8-H of the adenyl moiety was found to play a direct role in the control of phosphoryl transfer [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All the kinase mechanistic classes were clustered into two proposed mechanisms depending on how the C8-H is induced to be labile, namely by either the co-ordination of a backbone carbonyl to C6-NH 2 of the adenyl moiety (a "push" mechanism), or based on the protonation of N7 of the adenyl moiety (a "pull" mechanism). (biomedcentral.com)
Ligands2
  • High affinity flavoHb and Hb heme ligands, and other inhibitors, may find application as antibiotics and antitumor agents that enhance the toxicity of immune cell-derived radical dotNO or as vasorelaxants that increase radical dotNO signaling. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • If we make some random change to the structure of the enzyme, there is a reasonable chance that the interactions with all of these ligands will remain intact. (heresy.is)
Genes1
Peptides1
  • Like ribosomes, other RNA enzymes may at first have coopted peptides as structural components, and possibly as coenzymes. (heresy.is)
Organic1
  • While our mag kits are based on proven, conventional magnetic beads, sbeadex kits use an innovative next-generation technology of double-coated magnetic beads that yield improved DNA quality and omit enzyme inhibiting organic solvents in the final eluate. (biosearchtech.com)
Suggests2
  • This suggests that MGCs utilize TCA cycle anaplerosis and cataplerosis to generate GTP and ~P transferring kinases to produce ATP that supports MGC energy requirements. (molvis.org)
  • The structure of the ribosome also suggests an evolutionary path along which RNA enzymes may have been replaced by protein enzymes in evolution. (heresy.is)
Complex3
  • We are to be and begin more Ub-specific targets clathrin-interacting endoplasmic synthesizing Proteoglycans and chains( complex years, organize, enzyme), and also be how to form rhythms and health collagen. (evakoch.com)
  • In contrast, a cosubstrate such as ATP or NADH inhabits a much more complex world, containing a very large number of interacting enzymes. (heresy.is)
  • The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzyme is complex, yielding apparent K M values ranging from less than 0.4 μM to more than 1 mM for ATP in the various kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular1
  • Cellular ATP is buffered by specialized equilibrium-driven high-energy phosphate (~P) transferring kinases. (molvis.org)
Group3
  • When is a co-enzyme known as a prostehtic group? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • MMPs now comprise a group of 18 different enzymes in man, including the classic fibroblast collagenase MMP-1 (collagenase-1), the mesenchymal form of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have demonstrated the mechanism by which the enzyme activities of Group 2 kinases, shikimate kinase (SK) and adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), are controlled by the C8-H of ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
  • The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms1
  • On the basis of these conserved mechanisms, the role of the nucleotide C8-H in initiating the formation of a pentavalent phosphorus intermediate from the γ-phosphate of ATP and the substrate nucleophile was defined. (biomedcentral.com)
Domain1
  • science or scaffolding convertase is the B of PLC-gamma and pro-IL1B lead C( PKC) and the annotated kinase of domain( Ca2+). (evakoch.com)
Classes1
  • Protein kinases belong among the most intensively studied classes of enzymes. (kgsepticsewer.com)
Role1
Activation1
  • transiting of such constituent c receptor type VIa regions in kinase during activation. (evakoch.com)
Control1
  • PKC is a serin/threonin kinase involved in the control of neoplastic transformation, carcinogenesis, neoplastic invasion, chemoresistance. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Produce1
Cells1
  • however, it is also found in cardiovascular, intestinal, and reproductive systems, as well as bones and adipocytes, being largely expressed in immune cells [ 8 ]. (irjournal.org)
Evolution1
  • Accelerated rates of globin evolution were found in lineages of cold-blooded vertebrates, some marsupials, and early placental mammals, while slower rates were found in warm-blooded vertebrates, especially higher primates. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Transfer2
  • In 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the key feature is the mixed phosphosulfate anhydride that activates the sulfate toward transfer, in much the same way as the terminal phosphate is activated in ATP. (heresy.is)
  • The functionality required for the catalysis and regulation of phosphoryl transfer was found to be conserved within the families or fold-groups. (biomedcentral.com)