• We reviewed a few plausibly organic syntheses of phospholipids under prebiotic conditions with special attention paid to the starting materials as pro-chiral dihydroxyacetone and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which are the key molecules to break symmetry in phospholipids. (mdpi.com)
  • Lipolysis is the metabolic process through which triacylglycerols (TAGs) break down via hydrolysis into their constituent molecules: glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs). (imingo.net)
  • Cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules, such as sugars and fats, to release stored energy. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Glycerol is generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs in triglycerides, esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrolysis, saponification, or transesterification of these triglycerides produces glycerol as well as the fatty acid derivative: Triglyceride 3 NaOH / H2O Δ 3 × soap 3 × glycerol Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol from triglycerides is produced on a large scale, but the crude product is of variable quality, with a low selling price of as low as US$0.02-0.05 per kilogram in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
  • Crude glycerol from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be purified by treatment with activated carbon to remove organic impurities, alkali to remove unreacted glycerol esters, and ion exchange to remove salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Lipolysis /lɪˈpɒlɪsɪs/ is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and three fatty acids. (imingo.net)
  • To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. (hmdb.ca)
  • It is commonly confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (hmdb.ca)
  • DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) by triose phosphate isomerase (TIM), and feed into glycolysis. (hmdb.ca)
  • The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia). (hmdb.ca)
  • Which anaerobic glycolysis intermediate is used for the pentose phosphate shunt? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Finally the PPP can also be used to produce glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate which can then be fed into the TCA and ETC cycles allowing for the harvest of energy. (imingo.net)
  • We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycolysis, which translates to "splitting sugars", is the process of releasing energy within sugars. (imingo.net)
  • Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chlorine-free processes from propylene include the synthesis of glycerol from acrolein and propylene oxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • production of (4S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3b]thiopyran-7,7dioxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor trusopt. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • Because of the large-scale production of biodiesel from fats, where glycerol is a waste product, the market for glycerol is depressed. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows the recycling of the electron carriers (NADH) back into their oxidized forms (NAD+), enabling glycolysis to continue. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Owing to oversupply, efforts are being made to convert glycerol to synthetic precursors, such as acrolein and epichlorohydrin. (wikipedia.org)
  • SCIRP: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. In this process, both in vivoand in cultur… This binding will likewise lead to the cAMP/PKA-led phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase, that will ultimately drive the release of free fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
  • As used in foods, glycerol is categorized by the U.S. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics as a carbohydrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol is generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs in triglycerides, esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Crude glycerol from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be purified by treatment with activated carbon to remove organic impurities, alkali to remove unreacted glycerol esters, and ion exchange to remove salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organic acids, higher alcohols, low-volatile organic sulphur compounds and esters, with their fruity notes, are significant sensorial components of wine and other fermented beverages and are the primary compounds that form a fermentation bouquet. (moam.info)