• CD314, also known as NKG2D (natural killer receptor G2D) or KLRK1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1), is a homodimeric C-type lectin-like activating receptor and costimulator with type II membrane orientation (C teminus extracellular). (exbio.cz)
  • As CD314 ligands the MHC class-I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA, MICB) and UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs) have been identified. (exbio.cz)
  • Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
  • The NK cell research toolkit product contains three classes of genes: ligands, surface receptors, and transcription factors. (freegenes.org)
  • Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A (KLRA, alternative nomenclature Ly49) is a gene cluster coding proteins from family Ly49, which are membrane receptors expressed mainly on the surface of NK cells and other cells of immune system in some mammals including rodents and cattle but not humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD161 is encoded by the KLRB1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1) gene. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • NK-1.1 surface antigen is encoded by the NKR-P1B/NKR-P1C gene, also known as CD161b/CD161c and Ly-55. (rndsystems.com)
  • NKR-P1A, the receptor encoded by the KLRB1 gene, recognizes Lectin Like Transcript-1 (LLT1) as a functional ligand. (thermofisher.com)
  • with Pubmed ID, gene symbol/accession number and viral interacting protein. (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • It binds and inactivates the 140 kDa subunit of RNA polymerase II, blocking all gene expression leading to proteins. (helmberg.at)
  • The NK Cell Research Toolkit enables researchers to examine the effects of distinct molecules on NK cells' targeting and eradication of discrete tumor cell types, and to design novel chimeric antigen receptors to modify endogenous signaling pathways. (freegenes.org)
  • The DX12 antibody can reportedly inhibit spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by certain NK cell clones. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cutting edge: NKp80 uses an atypical hemi-ITAM to trigger NK cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Together, along the course of IBM, some inflammatory cells retained the potential for cytotoxicity whereas others indicated suppression by exhaustion, senescence, or through the PD-1 pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NK1.1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, KLRB1, NKR-P1A, CD161, cluster of differentiation 161), refers to Natural Killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Separation of human CD314 positive CD56 positive NK cells (red-filled) from CD314 negative CD56 negative lymphocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) of human peripheral whole blood stained using anti-human CD314 (1D11) APC antibody. (exbio.cz)
  • T cell large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) are potent effector cells and cells with ultrastructure indistinguishable from LGLs were seen in the sarcoplasm along with lymphocytes undergoing degeneration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results: Tregs depletion enhanced the frequency of specific IFNγ+ T cells (Th1 lymphocytes) and cytokine production after either the first or second vaccine dose. (bvsalud.org)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • The activating or inhibitory receptors can similarly be transduced or transfected into NK cells to perturb their behavior. (freegenes.org)
  • The DX12 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to human CD161 which is also known as Natural killer cell surface protein P1A (NKR-P1A). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody 1D11 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD314 / NKG2D, a 42 kDa C-type lectin-like activating receptor expressed by NK cells, gamma/delta T cells, and CD8+ T cells. (exbio.cz)
  • The PK136 antibody has been reported to deplete NK cells, induce redirected lysis, block NK cell function, and induce NK cell proliferation. (rndsystems.com)
  • Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
  • Description: The PK136 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse NK1.1, an antigen expressed by natural killer cells and a subset of T cells in the NK1.1 mouse strains including C57BL and NZB. (thermofisher.com)
  • For detection of NK cells in these strains the monoclonal antibody DX5 (Cat. (thermofisher.com)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme H (GZMH) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (worldcarecouncil.org)
  • KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
  • Supplementary MaterialsCorrelation network analysis reveals relationships between microRNAs, transcription factor and deregulated cytokine/chemokine-receptor network in pulmonary sarcoidosis 121378. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 were expressed on adjacent cells including muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The genes listed here can be expressed on NK cells, feeder cells, or tumor cells to study individual NK cell signaling pathways, strengths of activation of different receptor-ligand interactions, and whether certain NK cells are more or less resistant to inhibitory cues from cancer cells. (freegenes.org)
  • ACKR3 binds the chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1 which is also a ligand for CXCR4). (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • The KLRB1 protein, NKR-P1A or CD161, is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. (thermofisher.com)
  • Bennett IM, Zatsepina O, Zamai L, Azzoni L, Mikheeva T, Perussia B. Definition of a natural killer NKR-P1A+/CD56-/CD16- functionally immature human NK cell subset that differentiates in vitro in the presence of interleukin 12. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Expression of NKR-P1C antigen has been correlated with lysis of tumor cells in vitro and rejection of bone marrow allografts in vivo. (rndsystems.com)
  • Applications Reported: PK136 has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis, depletion of NK cells, and in vitro functional studies. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Using these genes, researchers can manipulate NK cells, cancer cells, and "feeder" cells (i.e. cells used to trigger NK cell proliferation). (freegenes.org)
  • A specific PLEKHA4 siRNA was transfected in glioma U251 and T98G cells, and the changes in cell proliferation ability were assessed by real-time cell analysis technology and Edu experiment. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD161 is expressed mostly on NK cell populations and on subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells, NKT cells and γδ T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Engagement of CD314 amplifies antigen-specific T cell responses in CD314-positive T cell populations. (exbio.cz)
  • Simultaneous staining of C57BL/6 spleen cells with PK136 and DX5 reveals coexpression of both markers by a majority of cells as well as presence of small populations of DX5+PK136- and DX5-PK136+ cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD161 is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily and is also referred to as C-type lectin domain family 5 member B (CLEC5B). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. (thermofisher.com)
  • Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NK cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In addition, we are investigating the role of innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in innate and adaptive immune responses to these viruses. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • Eradication of the threat during the contraction phase results in the loss through apoptosis of the majority of the adaptive immune effector cells. (flowmetric.com)
  • Clinically, EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma offer a unique model to explore antigen-defined immunotherapy approaches because EBV-derived tumor antigens are specific for tumor cells only. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • NK-1.1 has also been shown to play a role in NK cell activation, IFN- gamma production, and cytotoxic granule release. (rndsystems.com)
  • However, little is known about how T Reg suppress T cell activation in vivo. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • MLKL activation also leads to the protease, ADAMs-mediated ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The key role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is played by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, molecules crucially involved in the activation of immune and inflammatory cells and their trafficking to the site of disease [4]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • A. The linear model describes the activation of naïve T-cells by the presentation of antigen-peptide on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by the antigen presenting cells (APCs) during the contraction phase of a T-cell response. (flowmetric.com)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • CD314 homodimers are associated with DAP10, a membrane adaptor protein that signals similar to CD28 by recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (exbio.cz)
  • Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis and is executed by MLKL when MLKL is engaged in triggering the rupture of cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a necrotic cell death, the rupture of cell plasma membrane of necroptotic cells results in the release of many cellular factors of necroptotic cells, which may trigger inflammation and immune responses [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A goal of any vaccine should include the stimulation of a robust effector T-cell response, which over time is translated into a large population of memory T-cells. (flowmetric.com)
  • After antigen stimulation, these cells migrate into tissue areas that are inflamed where they exhibit a strong proliferative response and express and release cytokines that help to eliminate infection. (flowmetric.com)
  • It binds to the leader peptide derived from the polymorphic classical major histocompatibility molecules HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C. This peptide binding is highly specific and stabilizes the HLA-E protein, allowing it to migrate to the cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This interaction inhibits natural killer cell-mediated lysis of a cell displaying HLA-E. If the leader peptide is not present in the endoplasmic reticulum, HLA-E is unstable and is degraded before it reaches the cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In damaged cells, such as virally infected or tumour cells, down-regulation of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C production or inhibition of TAP prevents stabilization of HLA-E by the leader peptide. (ox.ac.uk)
  • formyl peptide receptor 2 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: macrophages infected with Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus fumigatus or treated with Curdlan, a selective agonist of pattern recognition receptor for fungi Dectin-1, displays increased expression of ALOX5, ALOX15 and PTGS2 Karnam et al, 2015 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Tetherin): Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • Two additional cell types, both part of the innate immune system, are found within the sinusoids, in direct contact with the blood: a large number of macrophages, called Kupffer cells, and Pit cells, a type of natural killer (NK) cells. (helmberg.at)
  • At the surface of muscle fibers, 79% and 48% of CD8+ cells were positive for killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1 (KLRG1) and CD57, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally, we showed the sE-cadherin/KLRG1 inhibitory receptor is the major pathway for necroptosis-mediated suppression of the anti-tumor activity of T cells and the promotion of metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have been interested in the role of pattern-recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)in innate immune recognition of these viruses as well as their signaling pathways. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been great interest in developing molecular adjuvants based on antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting immunosuppressor pathways with inhibitory effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs) to improve immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
  • For viral infection-induced necroptosis, RIPK3 and MLKL, but not RIPK1, are required and another protein, Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), also known as DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI), functions upstream of RIPK3-MLKL to initiate the formation of the necrosome [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This stimulates yeast hyphal formation, is immunomodulatory and causes cell damage during infection Ells et al, 2012 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • recombinant enolase (rSsEno), a multifunctional protein with immunogenic properties, could be a promising target for vaccination against sporotrichosis in cats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we reported the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, which was assembled into a 33,786 bp linear dsDNA genome, which includes abundant tail-related and recombinant proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under these circumstances, HLA-E does not reach the cell surface and the cell is then vulnerable to lysis by natural killer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this model, only Foxp3(+) Tregs express eGFP and diphtheria toxin (DT) receptors, and transient Tregs depletion is achieved by DT administration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, the increased anti-tumor activity of T cells is a key cause for the reduced metastasis as the depletion of CD8+ T cells completely restored the level of metastasis in the Mlkl KO mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These models describe various mechanisms for the differentiation of naïve T-cells into memory, either sequentially, or via specific cell subsets. (flowmetric.com)
  • This CD8+ T-cell population is made up of three subsets, naïve, effector, and memory T-cells. (flowmetric.com)
  • D. In the simultaneous model, the naïve T-cells differentiate into the different subsets, which further differentiate. (flowmetric.com)
  • Unlike the distinctive immunogenic pathway for CD8+ T-cell memory, CD4+ T-cell memory is significantly more plastic, involving at least seven distinct cell lineages with diverse effector functions, that play roles in all aspects of adaptive immunity as well as impact many innate immune mechanisms. (flowmetric.com)
  • ACKR1 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • All synthesized peptides exhibit B-cell epitopes on the molecular surface of SsEno and proved to be highly reactive with the serum of infected mice with S. brasiliensis and sera of cats with sporotrichosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Granzyme H (GZMH/CGL2/CTSGL2) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. (worldcarecouncil.org)
  • Reports indicate that CD161 is expressed preferentially on CD45RO+ T cells, however, it can be found on a subset of thymocytes and fetal liver T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • The exchange of huge amounts of molecules between hepatocytes and blood is facilitated by fenestration of the endothelial cells lining wide sinusoids, allowing plasma to enter the perisinusoidal space, also known as space of Disse. (helmberg.at)
  • Matsubara, S , Suzuki, S & Komori, T 2022, ' Immunohistochemical Phenotype of T Cells Invading Muscle in Inclusion Body Myositis ', Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology , vol. 81, no. 10, pp. 825-835. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The transcription factors can be transduced or transfected into NK cells to alter their behavior or phenotype. (freegenes.org)
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system with inherent cancer cell-killing capabilities, providing an exciting alternative to costly custom T cell immunotherapies. (freegenes.org)
  • NKp80 is a marker of natural killer (NK) cell maturity in secondary lymphoid tissues and supports NK cell development through a stage 4a intermediate with ILC3-associated features. (nih.gov)
  • Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Interestingly, the levels of some soluble cell surface proteins including sE-cadherin that are known to promote metastasis are also dramatically reduced in MLKL null tumors/mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Administration of ADAMs pan inhibitor reduces the levels of soluble cell surface proteins in WT tumors/mice and leads to the dramatic decrease in metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • Wu J, Groh V, Spies T: T cell antigen receptor engagement and specificity in the recognition of stress-inducible MHC class I-related chains by human epithelial gamma delta T cells. (exbio.cz)
  • Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • A functioning TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) molecule is required to transport these peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum, where they can interact with HLA-E. HLA-E then migrates to the cell surface, where it interacts with CD94/NKG2A receptors on natural killer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Once the pathogen is cleared, most of these effector cells will undergo apoptosis to maintain the balance of the immune response. (flowmetric.com)
  • The colony-forming ability of the cells was evaluated using plate cloning assay, and cell cycle changes and cell apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
  • The cells that mediate this response are known as effector memory T-cells (T EM ). (flowmetric.com)
  • Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
  • CD8+ T-cell mediated immune responses are important in protection against various pathogens and specific tumor antigens associated with various cancers. (flowmetric.com)
  • Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 μl reagent / 100 μl of whole blood or 10 6 cells in a suspension. (exbio.cz)
  • Molecular basis of human natural killer cell recognition of HLA-E (human leucocyte antigen-E) and its relevance to clearance of pathogen-infected and tumour cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most recent research provides evidence that memory T-cells are generated from effector T-cells via epigenetic modifications, as the methylation patterns that are seen in memory cells are similar to those seen in effector cells. (flowmetric.com)
  • Its function has not been fully elucidated, but reports indicate that NKR-P1A may serve as a specific receptor for some NK cell targets. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We found that blocking tumor necroptosis by MLKL deletion led to the dramatic reduction of tumor metastasis and significantly elevated anti-tumor activity of tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells ('dock workers') are good at moving stuff. (helmberg.at)