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KeratinocytesEpidermisSkinPlant EpidermisKeratinsCells, CulturedKeratin-10Hair FollicleKeratin-14Skin NeoplasmsCell DifferentiationWound HealingSkin Physiological PhenomenaDermatitisMice, HairlessDermisPsoriasisUltraviolet RaysSkin, ArtificialMelanocytesRNA, MessengerSkin DiseasesPapillomaLangerhans CellsDesmosomesSebaceous GlandsHairCell DivisionIntermediate Filament ProteinsBlisterTransglutaminasesMice, TransgenicGene ExpressionImmunohistochemistryOncogene Proteins, ViralCell LineSkin TransplantationCell Line, TransformedSkin AgingForeskinSignal TransductionKeratosisSkin PigmentationGene Expression RegulationMouth MucosaPemphigusFibroblastsCell Proliferation9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracenePapillomavirus E7 ProteinsCell MovementPapillomaviridaeKeratolytic AgentsSkin AbnormalitiesDermatitis, AtopicDesmoglein 3Protein PrecursorsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateMolecular Sequence DataApoptosisEpitheliumCaspase 14Keratin-5Cell AdhesionIchthyosis, LamellarMelanosomesAlopeciaDesmoplakinsKeratin-15HemidesmosomesUp-RegulationFibroblast Growth Factor 7Keratin-1Transcription FactorsBase SequenceDesmogleinsKeratin-17In Situ HybridizationCarcinoma, Squamous CellDesmoglein 1Carcinoma, Basal CellMice, Inbred SENCARIchthyosisPromoter Regions, GeneticAdministration, TopicalSkin Diseases, GeneticMice, KnockoutReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reactionbeta-DefensinsDNA-Binding ProteinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueAquaporin 3AcantholysisPhenotypeHyperplasiaIntegrin alpha6Sweat GlandsEpidermolysis Bullosa SimplexAnthralinMice, Inbred C57BL
MelanocytesLangerhansUpper layers of the epidermisOutermostSurface of the epidermisDifferentiationMigrateDermis and epidermisMelaninMerkelHyperproliferationAvascularEpithelialFully differentiatedSkinSuperficialFibroblastsBasal cellNormal epidermalContains no blood vesselsSubcutaneousBricks and moInducesTerminallyEpidermal cellsCellsLayersCytokineKeratinsPapillaryMaturationConsistsReagentsThicknessBasement membraneCellHumanExpressionFormDiffusionSynthesisTough
Melanocytes10
Langerhans6
Upper layers of the epidermis2
  • Pathogens invading the upper layers of the epidermis can cause keratinocytes to produce proinflammatory mediators, particularly chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL2 (MCP-1) which attract monocytes, natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, and dendritic cells to the site of pathogen invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pagetoid SCCIS is characterised by discrete enlarged solitary and nested atypical keratinocytes scattered through the upper layers of the epidermis. (dermnetnz.org)
Outermost6
  • Keratinocytes are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fully cornified keratinocytes that form the outermost layer are constantly shed off and replaced by new cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • An epidermal nevus (plural: nevi) is an abnormal, noncancerous (benign) patch of skin caused by an overgrowth of cells in the outermost layer of skin ( epidermis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The three main layers of the integumentary system are the epidermis (outermost layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (innermost layer). (visiblebody.com)
  • A keratinocyte is the main type of cell that makes up the human epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, he said. (cbs58.com)
  • The outermost portion of the epidermis, known as the stratum corneum, is relatively waterproof and, when undamaged, prevents most bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances from entering the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Surface of the epidermis2
Differentiation7
  • The epidermis is a stratified, squamous epithelium that consists primarily of keratinocytes in progressive stages of differentiation from deeper to more superficial layers. (medscape.com)
  • Keratinization is part of the physical barrier formation (cornification), in which the keratinocytes produce more and more keratin and undergo terminal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this differentiation process, keratinocytes permanently withdraw from the cell cycle, initiate expression of epidermal differentiation markers, and move suprabasally as they become part of the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and eventually corneocytes in the stratum corneum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Corneocytes are keratinocytes that have completed their differentiation program and have lost their nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factors promoting keratinocyte differentiation are: A calcium gradient, with the lowest concentration in the stratum basale and increasing concentrations until the outer stratum granulosum, where it reaches its maximum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation mostly by modulating calcium concentrations and regulating the expression of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since keratinocyte differentiation inhibits keratinocyte proliferation, factors that promote keratinocyte proliferation should be considered as preventing differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Migrate3
  • Keratinocytes differentiate from epidermal stem cells in the lower part of the epidermis and migrate towards the surface, finally becoming corneocytes and eventually be shed off, which happens every 40 to 56 days in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratinocytes migrate from the deeper layers of the epidermis and are finally shed from the surface of the skin. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The stem cells within the basal layer, which contact the basement membrane, continually divide during the lifetime of the organism, providing a source of cells which progressively migrate upwards through the epidermis, differentiating and stratifying to form the barrier layer of the skin [ 11 , 14 ]. (springer.com)
Dermis and epidermis2
Melanin5
  • Melanin accumulates in organelles termed melanosomes that are incorporated into dendrites anchoring the melanosome to the surrounding keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesized that synthetic melanin-like nanoparticles would mimic naturally occurring melanosomes and be taken up by keratinocytes, the predominant cell type found in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin," Nathan Gianneschi, a professor of biochemistry, materials science and engineering at UC San Diego, said in a news release . (upi.com)
  • The organelles deliver melanin to keratinocytes, skin cells in the upper layer of the epidermis. (upi.com)
  • In lab tests using tissue culture, researchers showed the nanoparticles are absorbed and distributed throughout keratinocytes just like natural melanin. (upi.com)
  • The heat eliminates the keratinocytes, which are cells within which melanin is stored. (drjenniferlevine.com)
Merkel1
  • Merkel cells form a disk along the deepest edge of the epidermis where they connect to nerve endings in the dermis to sense light touch. (innerbody.com)
Hyperproliferation5
  • Thus, although the indirect activation of CDK2 is sufficient to induce keratinocyte hyperproliferation, activation of CDK2 alone does not induce malignant progression in Ras-mediated tumorigenesis. (duke.edu)
  • Histologically, the dermatosis is characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, impaired epidermal barrier function at the sites of skin lesions, and skin infiltration by activated inflammatory cells [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • Psoriasis is hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes combined with inflammation of the epidermis and dermis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • An environmental trigger is thought to evoke an inflammatory response and subsequent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Avascular2
Epithelial2
  • Structurally, the epidermis is only about a tenth of a millimeter thick but is made of 40 to 50 rows of stacked squamous epithelial cells. (innerbody.com)
  • Human and in the epidermis, form the major protective barrier that pre- animal studies of atopic dermatitis have identified skin epithelial vents loss of water and protects against foreign substances. (cdc.gov)
Fully differentiated2
Skin29
  • The epidermis is the skin, or, more specifically, the outer layer of mammalian skin cells. (keratinocyte-transfection.com)
  • We demonstrate the results of a clinical trial of the grafting of cultured keratinocytes directly on a polymer cultivation support in the treatment of skin defects in seriously burned patients and in patients with trophic ulcers. (episkin.com)
  • Basal cells in the basal layer (stratum basale) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The keratinocytes provide the structure and maintain the barrier function of the skin. (wikibooks.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: CDK2 activation in mouse epidermis induces keratinocyte proliferation but does not affect skin tumor development. (duke.edu)
  • Title : Exposure to the anti-microbial chemical triclosan disrupts keratinocyte function and skin integrity in a model of reconstructed human epidermis Personal Author(s) : Baur, Rachel;Kashon, Michael;Lukomska, Ewa;Weatherly, Lisa M.;Shane, Hillary L.;Anderson, Stacey E. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine how artemin affects sensory neuron properties, transgenic mice that overexpress artemin in skin keratinocytes (ART-OE mice) were analyzed. (jneurosci.org)
  • Based on in vivo results on microbiota, it is the first active ingredient that rebalances the skin's ecosystem to restore the skin barrier and correct skin dryness: it stimulates the synthesis of lipids in the epidermis, thus speeding up barrier recovery and strengthening the skin's defense. (basf.com)
  • Relipidium has been demonstrated in vivo to significantly increase skin hydration by twelve percent and to allow an increase of the beneficial germ staphylococcus epidermidis by factor two, both within two weeks. (basf.com)
  • The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surface. (innerbody.com)
  • The epidermis rests upon and protects the deeper and thicker dermis layer of the skin. (innerbody.com)
  • In the palmar surface of the hands and plantar surface of the feet, the skin is thicker than in the rest of the body and there is a fifth layer of epidermis. (innerbody.com)
  • Just superficial to the stratum spinosum is the stratum granulosum, where keratinocytes begin to produce waxy lamellar granules to waterproof the skin. (innerbody.com)
  • The dermis is the deep layer of the skin found under the epidermis. (innerbody.com)
  • The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and gives the skin its strength and elasticity. (innerbody.com)
  • Most skin cancers develop from cells found in the epidermis layer of the skin. (bapras.org.uk)
  • Deep in the epidermis, closest to the dermis, these cells are plump and are actively generating new skin cells. (bapras.org.uk)
  • The cells in the epidermis - the top layer of the skin - are most at risk of sun damage. (the-sun.com)
  • The term pemphigus refers to a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes characterized histologically by intraepidermal blister and immunopathologically by the finding of in vivo bound and circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody directed against the cell surface of keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune, intraepithelial, blistering disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes and is mediated by circulating autoantibodies directed against keratinocyte cell surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • Nordlys directs pulses of light into the epidermis, or superficial layer of the skin. (drjenniferlevine.com)
  • The epidermis of the skin, the primary barrier to the environment, consists of layers of differentiated keratinocytes that form a cornified structure (stratum corneum, SC). (cdc.gov)
  • The skin reconstructs were to use primary keratinocytes screened for FLG expression and content level. (cdc.gov)
  • Once required reagents become available, more research is warranted on inter-individual variation in FLG expression under constitutive and AD-like conditions to characterize keratinocyte donors for human skin reconstructs. (cdc.gov)
  • The epidermis is the relatively thin, tough, outer layer of the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Once the keratinocytes reach the skin surface, they are gradually shed and are replaced by newer cells pushed up from below. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The epidermis (along with other layers of the skin) also protects the internal organs, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels from injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, several lines of research skin is composed of the outer epidermis and the dermis. (cdc.gov)
  • 1. The presence of nerve fibers in contact with touch, the "emotional touch", which is vital for the the skin surface skin cells (keratinocytes) survival and maintenance of our species. (bvsalud.org)
Superficial3
Fibroblasts1
Basal cell1
Normal epidermal1
Contains no blood vessels1
  • The epidermis contains no blood vessels and is entirely dependent on the underlying dermis for nutrient delivery and waste disposal via diffusion through the dermoepidermal junction. (medscape.com)
Subcutaneous2
Bricks and mo2
Induces1
Terminally2
Epidermal cells1
Cells15
Layers6
  • The named layers of the epidermis include the stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: All layers of the reconstructed epidermis were normally differentiated (cytokeratin immunocytochemistry). (episkin.com)
  • The epidermis is composed of four layers: basal layer (stratum basale), spinous layer (stratum spinosum), stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. (springer.com)
  • In most of the body, the epidermis is arranged into 4 distinct layers. (innerbody.com)
  • The stratum lucidum is made of several rows of clear, dead keratinocytes that protect the underlying layers. (innerbody.com)
  • We've gone over the epidermis already, but what about the other two layers? (visiblebody.com)
Cytokine1
  • 1999. Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): Cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure. (cdc.gov)
Keratins1
Papillary1
  • The papillary layer contains many finger-like extensions called dermal papillae that protrude superficially towards the epidermis. (innerbody.com)
Maturation2
Consists1
Reagents1
  • Unexpected challenges in available reagents and technical difficulties in screening individual donor keratinocytes for FLG protein expression by western blot prevented further research. (cdc.gov)
Thickness1
Basement membrane1
Cell4
  • Renewal happens through cell division within the basal layer, the lowest layer in the stratified epidermis. (keratinocyte-transfection.com)
  • The epidermis is composed primarily of a specific cell type called a keratinocyte. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is mediated by circulating autoantibodies directed against keratinocyte cell surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Human2
Expression1
  • Recognition of OOC as a unique entity has long been due, yet its inexplicable radiographic presentation resembling dentigerous cyst, histological likeness to odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and inconsistent cytokeratin expression profiles overlapping with both as well as with the epidermis, makes it rather confounding. (bvsalud.org)
Form1
Diffusion1
Synthesis2
  • The epidermis is the natural source of vitamin D synthesis by sunlight action. (springer.com)
  • The epidermis is the natural source of vitamin D synthesis by the action of ultraviolet light (UV) B of the sun or other UVB source [ 8 ]. (springer.com)
Tough1