Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) comprise a class of linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of acetylated hexosamines (N-acetyl-galactosamine in the case of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulfate or N-acetyl-glucosamine in the case of heparin sulphate and heparin) and mainly of uronic acids (d-glucuronic acid or l-iduronic acid) being sulfated at various positions. (hindawi.com)
Their protein backbones are linked to different glycosaminoglycans, such as dermatan-, chondroitin-, keratan- or heparan sulphate. (lu.se)
OBJECTIVES: The expression patterns of various cell-associated heparan and chondroitin/dermatan-sulphate PGs in human skin and chronic venous ulcers were investigated. (lu.se)
Proteoglycans are categorized depending upon the nature of their glycosaminoglycan chains (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate) as well as characterized by size. (mdbioproducts.com)
Chondroitin-4-sulfate (C-4-S) monoclonal antibody that's also specific to dermatan-sulfate (DS) neoepitope (mouse, clone 2B6). (mdbioproducts.com)
Like other glycosaminoglycanskeratan sulfate is a linear polymer that consists of a repeating disaccharide unit. (wikipedia.org)
GALNS deficiency induces the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) in multiple tissues, particularly bone, cartilage, heart valves, and cornea, whereas β-galactosidase deficiency induces the accumulation of only KS in those tissues. (medscape.com)
This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. (novusbio.com)
Here we show that PNN abundance within the Arc is markedly reduced in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model of T2D, compared with normoglycaemic rats, correlating with altered PNN-associated sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans in the MBH. (nature.com)
Keratan sulfate proteoglycan during embryonic development of the chicken cornea Dev Biol. (moleculardepot.com)
Aggrecan belongs to the chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan family, which also includes Versican, Brevican, and Neurocan. (rndsystems.com)
The present study was conducted to determine whether corneal cells differentially express genes for T4 regulation, keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) synthesis, crystallins, and endothelial cell ion transporters during transparency development and whether these expressions are altered when E9 embryos are treated with T4. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sulfatase3
OMIM 253010), based on a deficiency of different lysosomal enzymes-N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) and β-galactosidase, respectively. (medscape.com)
In 1976, the enzyme deficiency in Morquio syndrome type IVA (galactosamine-6-sulfatase deficiency [ie, N -acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase deficiency]) was identified. (medscape.com)
This is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the GALNS gene (16q24.3) encoding galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. (arizona.edu)
DEGRADATION1
In medium of EA.hy926 cells subjected to GAG-degrading enzymes various GAG-specific disaccharides indicating the degradation of keratan sulphate (KS), heparan sulphate (HS), chondroitin sulphate (CHS) or hyaluronan (HA) were detected as predicted based on the characteristics of individual enzyme activity. (uni-luebeck.de)
Monoclonal Antibody5
Keratan Sulfate Monoclonal Antibody is a highly pure mouse monoclonal antibody to Keratan Sulfate. (moleculardepot.com)
4: Caterson B, Christner JE, Baker JR. Identification of a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate. (moleculardepot.com)
9: Akhtar S, Kerr BC, Hayes AJ, Hughes CE, Meek KM, Caterson B. Immunochemical localization of keratan sulfateproteoglycans in cornea, sclera, and limbus using a keratanase-generated neoepitope monoclonal antibody Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. (moleculardepot.com)
An ELISA assay using a monoclonal antibody (ET-4-A-4) that recognizes a sulfated carbohydrate epitope both keratan sulfate type I (corneal) and type II (skeletal) was employed to quantify keratan sulfate in serum and corneal tissue from patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD). (johnshopkins.edu)
Chondroitin sulfate monoclonal antibody (mouse, clone 1B5) to detect the zero sulphated Chondroitin Sulphate stub neoepitope generated by chondroit. (mdbioproducts.com)
Synthesis3
In a rare progressive disorder called macular corneal dystrophy (MCDC), the synthesis of keratan sulfate is either absent (MCDC type I) or abnormal (MCDC type II). (wikipedia.org)
Since keratan sulfate in the serum appears to be derived predominantly from the normal turnover of cartilage these studies strongly suggest that the defect in keratan sulfate synthesis in MCD is not restricted to corneal cells and that MCD is one manifestation of a systemic disorder of keratan sulfate. (johnshopkins.edu)
Our results are in accordance with the literature on response of IL6 family of cytokines and their importance, in addition, we find that matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with keratan sulfate synthesis pathway may play a key role in the infection. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Glycosaminoglycan2
Each Aggrecan molecule contains approximately 100 and 30 keratan sulfate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sidechains, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
It is the only non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and hence, does not bind to proteins to form proteoglycans. (biologywise.com)
Disaccharide2
The substituent at position 3 of N acetylgalactosamine in the keratan sulphate/protein linkage was identified as a disaccharide, N acetylneuraminylgalactose, which was isolated from the reaction mixture after alkali treatment. (sahmri.org.au)
A keratan sulfate disaccharide prevents inflammation and the progression of emphysema in murine models. (mpg.de)
Heparan sulfate1
The technology can be applied to prepare oligosaccharides belonging to the heparin-, heparan sulfate-, chondroitin sulfate-, keratan sulfate- or hyaluronic acid- class of GAGs. (selectbiosciences.com)
Epitope1
The TRA-1-60 antigen is a sialylated epitope on the same keratan sulfate core molecule, podocalyxin, as 4 other distinct antigens on tumor-derived cell lines, TRA-1-81, GCTM2, K4, and K21. (bdbiosciences.com)
GALNS1
In 1974, the GALNS enzyme and its deficiency were discovered and identified using oligosaccharide substrate prepared from C6S containing N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate. (medscape.com)
Biosynthesis2
1: Uchimura K. Keratan sulfate: biosynthesis, structures, and biological functions Methods Mol Biol. (moleculardepot.com)
6: Yin J, Sakamoto K, Zhang H, Ito Z, Imagama S, Kishida S, Natori T, Sawada M, Matsuyama Y, Kadomatsu K. Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulates keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis in microglias after brain injury Brain Res. (moleculardepot.com)
Lysosomal1
As lysosomal accumulation of keratan sulfate (KS) continues, mild coarsening of facial features, corneal clouding, and hepatomegaly become apparent. (medscape.com)
Molecules2
Keratan sulfates are large, highly hydrated molecules which in joints can act as a cushion to absorb mechanical shock. (wikipedia.org)
The body needs these enzymes to break down long strands of sugar molecules called keratan sulfate. (medlineplus.gov)
Skeletal1
Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities , joint instability , development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. (dictionary.net)
Disaccharides1
Disaccharides within the repeating region of KSII may be fucosylated and N-Acetylneuraminic acid caps the end of all keratan sulfate type II (KSII) chains and up to 70% of KSI type chains. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen4
Y-27632 eye drops (or vehicle only) were administered to eyes after a superficial keratectomy, and the tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, collagen types I, II, and III, and keratan sulfate. (molvis.org)
After superficial keratectomies, collagen type I and keratan sulfate were unchanged by Y-27632 application. (molvis.org)
Other than water, the mesoglea is composed of several substances including fibrous proteins like collagen and heparan sulphate proteoglycans. (pearltrees.com)
A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. (lookformedical.com)
Urinary1
Urinary keratin sulfate excretion is increased. (arizona.edu)
Linkage2
The monosaccharide mannose is found within the linkage region of keratan sulfate type I (KSI). (wikipedia.org)
Robinson, H. C. / The alkali labile linkage between keratan sulphate and protein . (sahmri.org.au)
Chains1
Fibromodulin is a member of a family of small interstitial proteoglycans, containing a central region composed of leucine-rich repeats with 4 keratan sulfate chains flanked by disulfide-bonded terminal domains. (antibodies-online.com)
Tissue4
The designations KSI and KSII were originally assigned on the basis of the tissue type from which the keratan sulfate was isolated. (wikipedia.org)
7: Boyraz B, Saatz J, Pompös IM, Gad M, Dernedde J, Maier AB, Moscovitz O, Seeberger PH, Traub H, Tauber R. Imaging Keratan Sulfate in Ocular Tissue Sections by Immunofluorescence Microscopy and LA-ICP-MS ACS Appl Bio Mater. (moleculardepot.com)
Keratan sulphate was isolated from adult intervertebral disc in 90% yield by sequential digestion of the whole tissue with papain, Pronase and Proteus vulgaris chondroitin sulphate lyase. (sahmri.org.au)
Keratan sulfate was also detected in extracts of normal corneas and corneal tissue with a variety of pathologic conditions, but was virtually absent in corneal tissue from five patients with MCD. (johnshopkins.edu)
Brain1
5: Zhang H, Uchimura K, Kadomatsu K. Brain keratan sulfate and glial scar formation Ann N Y Acad Sci. (moleculardepot.com)
Structures1
With the exception of HA, all GAG types are variably sulfated which contributes to the intricate complexity of their structures. (hindawi.com)
Patterns1
8: Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Immunolocalization of Keratan Sulfate in Rat Spinal Tissues Using the Keratanase Generated BKS-1(+) Neoepitope: Correlation of Expression Patterns with the Class II SLRPs, Lumican and Keratocan Cells. (moleculardepot.com)
Treatment of this preparation with alkali cleaved a glycosidic bond between N acetylgalactosamine and threonine and produced, by an alkali catalyzed 'peeling' reaction, an unsaturated derivative of N acetylgalactosamine which reacted as a chromogen in the Morgan Elson reaction, but remained covalently bonded to the keratan sulphate chain. (sahmri.org.au)
Type1
The non-reducing terminal of Fibromodulin KS is more similar in structure to the non-reducing terminal of a KSII type keratan sulphate rather than to corneal KSI. (wikipedia.org)
Keratan Sulfate Phenotype in the β-1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-7-Null Mouse Cornea Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. (moleculardepot.com)
Role1
Carpenter J , Kesimer M. Membrane-bound mucins of the airway mucosal surfaces are densely decorated with keratan sulfate: revisiting their role in the Lung's innate defense . (unc.edu)
Position1
This can be sulfated at carbon position 6 (C6) of either or both the Gal or GlcNAc monosaccharides. (wikipedia.org)