• Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, which are spread by ticks in the genus Ixodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The initial sign of about 80% of Lyme infections is an erythema migrans (EM) rash at the site of a tick bite, often near skin folds such as the armpit, groin, or back of the knee, on the trunk, under clothing straps, or in children's hair, ears, or neck. (wikipedia.org)
  • In most patients with erythema migrans, a carefully elicited history (including definitions of epidemiologic context) and a physical examination are all that is required to establish the diagnosis of Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
  • However, although many patients with Lyme disease present with erythema migrans, others first present with extracutaneous symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Because antibodies may persist for years following an infection, repeat infection is a difficult diagnosis without specific signs of Lyme disease (eg, erythema migrans). (medscape.com)
  • The rash on the ankle seen in this photo is consistent with both cellulitis (deep red hue, acral location, mild tenderness) and erythema migrans (presentation in July, in an area highly endemic for Lyme disease). (medscape.com)
  • It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the full syndrome, now known as Lyme disease, was not identified until 1975, when a cluster of cases thought to be juvenile rheumatoid arthritis occurred in three towns in southeastern Connecticut in the United States . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Lyme, Connecticut. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lyme symptoms most often occur from May to September in the Northern Hemisphere because the nymphal stage of the tick is responsible for most cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caused by infection with the spirochetal (helical) bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease is primarily transmitted to humans , as well as dogs , horses and other domesticated animals, by the bite of infected ticks . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • To add to the confusion, ehrlichial infection may cause a false-positive result for Lyme disease on immunoglobulin M (IgM) Western blot analysis. (medscape.com)
  • The possibility of co-infection with another tick-borne pathogen should be considered if the patient's condition does not respond to treatment as expected with ordinary early Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic symptoms following treatment are known as "post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome" (PTLDS). (wikipedia.org)
  • PTLDS is different from chronic Lyme disease, a term no longer supported by scientists and used in different ways by different groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several vaccines for the prevention of Lyme disease in dogs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The best way to avoid problems with diagnosis is to follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines regarding diagnosis (see Workup), to use a reputable laboratory with experience in testing for Lyme disease, and to obtain the assistance of an infectious disease expert when any questions arise. (medscape.com)
  • Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nymphal and adult deer ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Some of these species are carried by ticks not currently recognized as carriers of Lyme disease. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Clusters by season and locality reveal a striking epidemiological overlap between sporadic schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS). As the birth excesses of those individuals who later in life develop schizophrenia mirror the seasonal distribution of Ixodid ticks, a meta analysis has been performed between all neuropsychiatric birth excesses including MS and the epidemiology of spirochaetal infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The widespread prevalence of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and associated virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to some reported cases of IFP. (medscape.com)
  • Apart from acute infections [ 6 ], no other disease exhibits an equally marked epidemiological cluster by season and locality, nurturing the hope that solutions might ultimately be attainable [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is controversy regarding how prevalent the disease is, and competing perspectives on diagnosis and treatment (see The Lyme controversy below). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Clinicians unfamiliar with Lyme disease or Lyme testing may falsely exclude the diagnosis by testing too early in the disease course, or falsely diagnose disease by following up negative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results with Western blot testing (the latter is indicated only in patients with a positive or indeterminate EIA result). (medscape.com)
  • Lyme disease can affect several body systems and produce a broad range of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not everyone with Lyme disease has all of the symptoms and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases, as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the years, researchers there identified additional features of the disease, including an unidentified pathogen, the disease's response to penicillin , the role of the Ixodes tick (wood tick) as its vector, and other symptoms, including those affecting the central nervous system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Blood tests are often falsely negative in the early stages of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this situation, treatment with a drug that covers both diseases (eg, cefuroxime or amoxicillin-clavulanate) is an effective strategy. (medscape.com)
  • 45 years) or with bilateral disease at any age are at elevated risk for additional breast cancer, as are their female first-degree relatives (FDRs). (cdc.gov)
  • Because interpretation of testing is related to stage of disease and requires a two-stage test, laboratory results are often misinterpreted. (medscape.com)
  • Performing tests when the prior probability of disease is low increases the likelihood of false-positive results. (medscape.com)
  • If caused by an infectious agent [ 12 ] as presupposed by Marie in 1884 [ 13 ], what kind of transmission or virulence would lie at its root? (biomedcentral.com)
  • The disease does not appear to be transmissible between people, by other animals nor through food. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2021) Is the new VirClia effective in cat scratch disease? (vircell.com)