Journal palliative. Medical search. Frequent questions

He was happy to tell his story and hoped it would help others overcome any hesitation about considering palliative care. (harborhospicemi.org)

The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the increasing need for palliative care globally and in the Region and provided a unique opportunity to improve integration of palliative care into health systems as called for in the World Health Assembly resolution 67.19 on Strengthening of palliative care as a component of comprehensive care throughout the life course. (who.int)
Now, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania may have come up with a solution: Make consultations regarding the need for palliative care a "default" part of hospital care, giving more patients quick access if it's needed. (msdmanuals.com)
Having to formally ask for a consultation regarding the need for palliative care can be a roadblock to getting it quickly. (msdmanuals.com)

It turns out, however, that the Center to Advance Palliative Care had already created a trigger tool to help ICU clinicians make that decision. (todayshospitalist.com)

This needs-based approach ensures that patients who are most likely to benefit from palliative care are systematically identified through screening and receive care in response to their symptoms and supportive care needs to proactively avoid symptom crises and improve HRQoL. (jnccn.org)

Despite the benefits of early integration of palliative care, many patients still only receive palliative care late in the disease continuum, at or near end of life, or not at all. (jnccn.org)
In the onco-hematology setting, EPC is defined as the early integration of palliative care (PC) into standard care, usually within 8 weeks from the diagnosis of incurable cancer ( 2 - 5 ), in contrast with the model of the standard, late PC, which is usually delivered in the last days of life ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

In 2013, says Dr. Liao, his team of critical care and palliative care nurses and doctors took the tool, tweaked it, added it to the EHR, and made it part of the nurses' daily routine in the medical and neurological ICUs. (todayshospitalist.com)
Alex: Yeah, Pulmonary Critical Care and Palliative medicine are one of those, just almost … I don't want to say combustible, but there's something about the cultures of the two that are seemingly in some ways at odds. (geripal.org)
We found that a simple, pre-programmed order within the electronic medical record can get more palliative care to more people more quickly," said study lead author Dr. Kate Courtright , an assistant professor of critical care and palliative medicine. (msdmanuals.com)

However, studies have shown that patients with COPD are less likely to receive palliative care services or hospice care than patients with cancer [ 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
But you may receive palliative care at any stage of an illness. (medlineplus.gov)

It has been in publication since 1987 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the European Association for Palliative Care. (wikipedia.org)
Kernkompetenzen in der Palliativversorgung - ein Weißbuch der European Association for Palliative Care zur Lehre in der Palliativversorgung. (thieme-connect.com)
Palliative care for people living with heart failure: European Association for Palliative Care Task Force expert position statement. (lusiadasscientificjournal.pt)

With significant gaps in palliative care education and training, many healthcare providers are uncomfortable initiating conversations to explore a person's goals of care and are unaware of how to access palliative care services. (werpn.com)
To support implementation of the Health Services Delivery Framework, and to address known gaps in palliative care, the OPCN has also created additional resources including the Ontario Palliative Care Competency Framework, Tools to Support Earlier Identification for Palliative Care, and Goals of Care Resources. (werpn.com)

We discuss his experiences and research focused on improving communication and the delivery of palliative care to patients with advanced heart failure, including for those folks with AICD's and LVADs (and other interesting acronyms). (geripal.org)

According to hospitalist Solomon S. Liao MD, director of palliative care services, the approach has cut the average number of days that patients stay in the ICU before receiving a palliative care consult in half, from 9.6 days to 4.8. (todayshospitalist.com)

Alex: I was struck in this book by how much there's a sense that as you learned and developed, and became interested, and trained, and worked in Palliative medicine, that you had to unlearn so much of what you have learned in Pulmonary Critical Care. (geripal.org)

From all the studies, 3 interventions were reported: a screening tool to initiate inpatient palliative care consultation, a discharge planning for the community, and interventions that provided transitional care in both hospital and the community. (bmj.com)
Reported common significant outcomes were length of stay (n=5), discharge support (n=5), and hospital readmissions for those who received inpatient palliative care (n=6). (bmj.com)
As we build on this work, our goal is to continuously improve inpatient palliative care so that all patients and families facing a serious illness have access to the support they need to carry on with their daily lives throughout their treatment journey," said senior study author Dr. Scott Halpern , a professor of medicine, epidemiology, and medical ethics and health policy at UPenn. (msdmanuals.com)

To date, models of care are underpinned by the ideals of specialist palliative care which were developed to meet the needs of predominantly middle-aged and "young old" people, and evidence suggests these may not be adequate for the older population group. (emerald.com)

Priority is given to educational activities for health care professionals in palliative care. (lu.se)

6 Robust evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrates that early integration of specialty palliative care (ie, interdisciplinary teams led by board-certified palliative medicine physicians) for patients with advanced cancer improves outcomes throughout the disease course by reducing symptom burden, improving HRQoL and satisfaction with care, and increasing advance care planning. (jnccn.org)
Residency graduates will be equipped to participate as essential members of interdisciplinary pain management and/or palliative care teams and are able to make complex therapeutic recommendations in various practice settings. (va.gov)
Key among the framework's recommendations is the call to ensure that patients and their families/caregivers have seamless 24/7 access to an interdisciplinary palliative care team. (werpn.com)
As you write about it in the book, and Palliative medicine is so interdisciplinary. (geripal.org)

Early palliative care (EPC) improves the quality of life (QoL) of advanced cancer patients and their caregivers. (frontiersin.org)
Early palliative care (EPC) is a recent value-based model providing supportive care for patients who are facing a serious illness, to improve their quality of life (QoL) ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Early palliative interventions, including reviewing regular medicines and managing common symptoms, enables patients to remain comfortable during end-of-life care. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
patients with ESLD who have received early palliative pharmacological interventions have reported higher quality of life and longer survival [3] . (pharmaceutical-journal.com)

Palliative Medicine is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Palliative Medicine is a highly ranked, peer reviewed scholarly journal dedicated to improving knowledge and clinical practice in the palliative care of patients with advanced disease. (wikipedia.org)
Palliative Medicine is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases: SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. (wikipedia.org)
International journal of behavioral medicine, 4(1), 92-100. (unime.it)
Published in: Palliative Medicine (2020). (rand.org)
Hospice and palliative care are nationally recognized and regulated branches of medicine with their own professional associations, regional providers, research journals, and more. (nursingassistantguides.com)
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine is the professional organization for physicians specializing in hospice and palliative medicine. (nursingassistantguides.com)
Jessica is a Pulmonary Critical care doctor, a Palliative Medicine doctor, a feature in a recent Academy Award nominated film, Extremis , that you can find on Netflix, and also now an author of a new book called Extreme Measures. (geripal.org)
American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine, 34 (8), 774-785. (bvsalud.org)

Although experienced critical care physicians and nurses can often tell who will be discharged from the ICU and who won't, a hunch didn't seem a good way to decide whether to call in palliative care. (todayshospitalist.com)
Nurses working in hospice and palliative care must collaborate with physicians to provide pain management and symptom relief to patients while remaining compassionate and patient. (nursingassistantguides.com)
Coping with illness and death isn't easy, and nurses who choose to work in hospice and palliative care have the opportunity to provide great comfort to patients, and especially to the families of patients, during one of the most difficult periods of their lives. (nursingassistantguides.com)
HPNA works with professional hospice and palliative nurses. (nursingassistantguides.com)
Their organization focuses on training, preparing, and education nurses and healthcare providers to be competent, compassionate, leaders in palliative care. (nursingassistantguides.com)
We appreciated the valuable feedback that RPNAO contributed to the section on Palliative Care Competencies for Nurses to help ensure the Competency Framework was relevant to RPNs across Ontario. (werpn.com)
Nurses' perception, experience and knowledge of palliative care in intensive care units]. (bvsalud.org)
This review reveals that to achieve quality care at the end of life , is necessary to encourage the training of nurses in palliative care and foster their emotional support, to conduct an effective multidisciplinary work and the inclusion of nurses in decision making . (bvsalud.org)

There exists wide practice variability in palliative treatment schedules for bone metastases. (jnccn.org)
1 There exists wide practice variability in palliative treatment schedules, 2 , 3 with multiple randomized trials showing similar pain relief between single- and multiple-fraction courses for uncomplicated metastases. (jnccn.org)
The VA St. Louis Health Care System PGY2 Pain Management and Palliative Care Residency Program is designed to transition PGY1 pharmacy residency graduates from generalist practice to specialized practice focused on the pain management and palliative care needs of patients. (va.gov)
Applying these competencies in practice will lead to better care for people with a life-limiting condition, and encourage collaboration among professionals and organizations providing palliative care. (werpn.com)
A journal distributed by practice partners 'Ty Hafan' to over 800 healthcare professionals throughout the UK. (cardiff.ac.uk)

In his honour, the little store at the humane society was named Norm's Nook, but more importantly, the idea for the Palliative Paws Program was born. (calgaryjournal.ca)

Michael Hartman had been receiving palliative care for about a year when we asked if he would consider documenting over several months how palliative care had an impact on his life, so readers could learn more about this medical specialty. (harborhospicemi.org)
7 - 9 Furthermore, guidelines from NCCN and ASCO state that palliative care needs should be continuously assessed in all patients with cancer , regardless of disease stage, to ensure prompt referrals to specialty palliative care for patients with palliative care needs, such as high symptom burden and/or unmet physical, psychosocial, and existential care needs. (jnccn.org)
This would include both "primary palliative care" by all physicians who care for patients with serious illness, as well as "specialty palliative care" provided by clinicians with specialty training in palliative care [ 16 ]. (ersjournals.com)

This paper describes a consultation process that sought to develop an agenda for research priorities for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe. (lu.se)
Palliative care in heart failure: rationale, evidence, and future priorities. (lusiadasscientificjournal.pt)
regional priorities for palliative care in relation to policy, health workforce capacity development and service delivery. (who.int)

Nearly 100% of the discharging physicians completed a required electronic discharge form that asked the question "does or did this patient have palliative care needs? (ersjournals.com)
Physicians also completed a 90-min mandatory training defining palliative care and standardising the identification of palliative care needs. (ersjournals.com)
An important feature of this study is that the palliative care needs were identified by physicians, not by the patients or their family members. (ersjournals.com)
However, identification of palliative care needs by physicians is likely to be an important driver of the implementation of palliative care. (ersjournals.com)
I'm curious to hear what you thought about when you read that as Geriatricians and Palliative Care physicians. (geripal.org)

According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor was 4.956. (wikipedia.org)

International journal of nursing studies , 40 (8), 807-827. (unime.it)
Improving palliative care in nursing homes has been proposed as a key strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics. (rand.org)
The aim of this study was to describe the current status of how nursing homes integrates palliative care and infection management at end of life across the nation. (rand.org)
The study found wide variations in nursing home palliative care practices, particularly for timing of end-of-life care discussions, and suboptimal care reported for antibiotic usage. (rand.org)
Further education for nursing home staff on appropriate antibiotic usage and best practices to integrate infection management in palliative care at the end of life is needed. (rand.org)
Our team members are active in educating medical and nursing students, residents, fellows and other staff members in many aspects of children's palliative care. (ohsu.edu)
Although the benefits of hospice and cognitively impaired, and more likely to have reported pain in and palliative care are clear (4-10), the previous 7 days compared with nursing home residents not receiving EOL estimates of the proportion of nursing care. (cdc.gov)
Adequate provision of palliative care by nursing in intensive care units is essential to facilitate a "good death " to critically ill patients . (bvsalud.org)

This article provides an overview and specific recommendations on the use of parenteral methadone in pain and palliative care, with a focus on the transition from hospital to home/hospice care. (cambridge.org)
It is an important part of end-of-life or hospice care, but, as this New York Times article points out, palliative care can also play an integral role in speeding recovery and preventing chronic illness. (bdcnetwork.com)
Palliative care and hospice care are not the same thing. (ohsu.edu)
Hospice care is a specific type of palliative care for patients in the last six months of life. (ohsu.edu)
Although patients with incurable neurological diseases suffer from a variety of distressing symptoms and may die from their neurological condition and associated complications, palliative and hospice care for these patients to date remains rare. (uni-koeln.de)
First estimates envisage that on average 10% of all patients suffering from a neurological disease need palliative and hospice care. (uni-koeln.de)
Responsible for this rather low number is a just gradual increase in the awareness of palliative and hospice care needs for neurological patients and a currently predominant supply of oncological patients in palliative and hospice care structures which are primarily aimed at these patients. (uni-koeln.de)
Hospice care , care at the end of life, always includes palliative care. (medlineplus.gov)

Furthermore, RCTs examining the efficacy of palliative care have typically tested a model of care that uniformly integrates palliative care within 3 months of diagnosis for individuals with advanced cancer and has a prescriptive follow-up schedule (eg, at least one outpatient palliative care appointment per month). (jnccn.org)

Lidocaína para el alivio in intravenous infusion reduces neuropathic pain in palliative care with opioid treatment. (bvsalud.org)

The goal of this consensus guideline is to assist clinicians who are providing chronic pain management in acute care hospital and nonhospital settings (i.e., hospice, long-term care facilities, and community) for patients with life-limiting illnesses, where the goals of care are focused on comfort (i.e., palliative care). (cambridge.org)
METHODS: A two-day workshop was convened, attended by 16 academics and clinicians in the field of palliative care and intellectual disability from six European countries. (lu.se)

This palliative care website shares new and relevant policy and news regarding palliative care in Australia, as well as offers resources like how to deal with grief or illness in children, spiritual care, and advance care planning. (nursingassistantguides.com)
Palliative care strives to make patients comfortable as they are receiving treatment for a severe illness. (bdcnetwork.com)
Palliative care is the prevention and alleviation of pain and suffering of any kind associated with serious illness. (who.int)
Palliative care is treatment of the discomfort, symptoms, and stress of serious illness. (medlineplus.gov)

Once used only as third-line therapy for chronic pain management, methadone is now being used as first- and second-line therapy in palliative care. (cambridge.org)
Palliative care providers also aim to give comfort and ease pain, but palliative care is often provided to patients who are likely to recover their health. (nursingassistantguides.com)
More attention is being paid to the design of palliative care facilities, and a growing body of evidence is supporting the development of proven design strategies to address the four areas of pain experienced by severely ill patients- physical pain, psychological pain, social pain and spiritual pain. (bdcnetwork.com)
When patients do not have access to well-organized, high-quality palliative care, they are more likely to have uncontrolled pain and symptoms, higher levels of stress, and poorer quality of life. (werpn.com)
Guastella joined CHU as a palliative care physician in 2003 and learned how much more there was to give patients beyond pain medication: care, time, conversation, little treats. (popsci.com)
This is a searchable database of over 30,000 references related to Cancer Pain and Palliative Care. (hospicecare.com)
The database provides you with an unrivalled gateway to the medical literature pertaining to all aspects of Pain and Palliative Care. (hospicecare.com)
If a cure cannot be obtained, palliative therapy is given to treat pain and discomfort. (cdc.gov)
1 Opioids in palliative care: safe and effective prescribing of strong opioids for pain in palliative care of adults. (who.int)
Too often, these patients suffer from breathlessness, anxiety and pain that a palliative care approach could ease, the researchers explained. (msdmanuals.com)
pain relief in palliative care patients, a case series. (bvsalud.org)

Luke's Journal inspires the integration of Christian faith and work in healthcare. (lukesjournalcmdfa.com)
By providing this type of care, called palliative care, RPNs and other healthcare providers and caregivers can give our most vulnerable patients care that is catered to their preferences. (werpn.com)
Although there are pockets of excel-lence in the province, there is no road-map to guide the scale and spread of models that deliver good palliative care across Ontario's healthcare system. (werpn.com)
High quality palliative care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major challenge in our modern healthcare systems throughout the world. (ersjournals.com)
Tools to help healthcare professionals recognize palliative care needs in patients with advanced heart failure: A systematic review. (lusiadasscientificjournal.pt)

Now years of intricate studies are leading researchers in neuroscience, psychology, and palliative care to a straightforward truth about the end of life, one that perhaps was obvious all along: Simple pleasures can make for a happier ending. (popsci.com)

Criteria for Referral of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure for Specialized Palliative Care. (lusiadasscientificjournal.pt)

In 2016, 1,621 patients at Velindre Trust received palliative radiotherapy. (hsj.co.uk)
Since 2016, we have been working together to develop a coordinated and standardized approach for delivering hospice palliative care to patients across this province. (werpn.com)

Our research projects are based on different perspectives, such as communication in health care, public health and community, early intervention in palliative care, existential issues and challenges at the end of life, as well as care of the dying person. (lu.se)

A palliative care physician-Dr. Liao or one of three other palliative care doctors-comes at a set time to the ICU and sits down with the unit attending, charge nurse, social worker and case manager. (todayshospitalist.com)
13 ] that was designed to identify the proportion of hospitalised patients with COPD who, at discharge, were identified by the discharging physician as having palliative care needs. (ersjournals.com)
The investigators found that 9.1% of patients with COPD (132 of 1455) were identified by the discharging physician as having palliative care needs. (ersjournals.com)

It reflects the multidisciplinary approach that is the hallmark of effective palliative care. (wikipedia.org)
The radiotherapist now attends daily palliative multidisciplinary team meetings, and is able to expedite care for patients who need urgent care. (hsj.co.uk)

Palliative medications are one component of a 'whole-person' approach to supporting people with life-limiting and terminal illnesses. (omicsonline.org)
Multiple reports on SE-AN demonstrate that palliative approaches can reduce suffering, increase independence, and improve quality of life. (ama-assn.org)
Although outdated models of care only incorporated palliative care at end of life after disease-modifying treatment was no longer available, newer evidence-based models emphasize its integration earlier in the disease course in the ambulatory setting to proactively prevent unnecessary suffering. (jnccn.org)
The study included adult inpatients receiving end-of-life palliative care and diagnosed with hyperactive delirium. (qxmd.com)
Dry mouth may cause problems that affect the primary disease negatively and contribute to poorer quality of life in palliative patients. (uib.no)
2011), "Living with Ageing and Dying - Palliative and End of Life Care for Older People", International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance , Vol. 24 No. 7. (emerald.com)
Ageing populations mean that palliative and end-of-life care for older people must assume greater priority. (emerald.com)
Providing a synergy between the currently disparate literature of gerontology and palliative care, a wide range of leading international experts contribute to discussions regarding priority areas in relation to ageing and end of life care. (emerald.com)
The most popular terms include 'end-of-life' (210K), #hpm (114K) and 'palliative care' (93.8K). Sentiment was high with 89% of tweets rated more positive than all other tweets sent on Twitter during this period. (lancs.ac.uk)
Palliative care should be an integral component of care for a wide range of life-limiting diseases however, it is often only associated with cancer and end-of-life care. (who.int)
Global atlas of palliative care at the end of life . (who.int)
As the researchers explained, palliative care is not just for the end of life. (msdmanuals.com)
To address some of the challenges in caring for patients at the end of life, we have developed a decision support tool to better understand and meet the palliative care needs of patients. (lu.se)

10 Based on a literature review and our clinical experiences, we address this silence by proposing a clinical framework for a palliative approach to care of patients with SE-AN. (ama-assn.org)
There are many organizations that provide hospice and palliative care services , either in clinical settings or through home visitation. (nursingassistantguides.com)

That leaves hospitals trying to figure out how to get more palliative care consults requested faster in their ICUs. (todayshospitalist.com)
CAPC works with hospitals and other medical organizations to start and sustain quality palliative care programs. (nursingassistantguides.com)
With the leadership and expertise, hospitals and palliative workers can be confident offering services. (nursingassistantguides.com)
As hospitals seek to avoid Affordable Care Act penalties for poor patient satisfaction, many expect the palliative care field to grow quickly. (bdcnetwork.com)
Even before the ACA, the number of palliative care programs among American hospitals with 50 or more beds increased by approximately 125% from 2000 to 2008. (bdcnetwork.com)
In hospitals and in independent palliative care facilities, even small changes- such as the location of the clock or a bedside lamp- can create a less institutional, more homelike environment that empowers patients, relieves stress and improves perceptions of care. (bdcnetwork.com)
After instituting this system across 11 hospitals, palliative care consultation rates rose from 16.6 percent of cases to 43.9 percent, researchers report. (msdmanuals.com)

There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of timely integration of short-term specialised palliative care services for older people in primary care. (iasp-pain.org)
With the Health Services Delivery Framework, and its accompanying resources, we envision a model that provides high-quality palliative care services when and where they are needed. (werpn.com)
Novel yet to date rare approaches, mostly of international origin, suggest that these patients may benefit from specialized home based services, combining neurological and palliative care expertise. (uni-koeln.de)
EOL care encompasses both hospice and Methods --Data are from the resident component of the 2004 National palliative services. (cdc.gov)
2Optentia Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, PsycArticles, SAGE journals and EBSCO Discovery Services to search for relevant studies. (who.int)

Medications may be needed to treat or prevent symptoms associated with the palliative diagnosis. (omicsonline.org)
Among 267 patients for whom COPD was identified as the principal diagnosis for the hospitalisation, 11.6% were identified as having palliative care needs. (ersjournals.com)
Palliative care can start at the time of diagnosis. (ohsu.edu)

Aims To determine the frequency, sentiment and trend of Twitter 'tweets' containing palliative care-related identifiers (hashtags) and/or phrases sent by users over a 2-year period. (lancs.ac.uk)

In this cross-sectional study, during a 6-month follow-up, we considered the medical record of terminally-ill cancer patients referred to palliative care at the cancer center in Isfahan, Iran. (qxmd.com)

We propose a palliative care (PC) model for this group of patients that aims to support their unique goals of care, improve social-professional function, reduce physical suffering, and honor the whole person. (ama-assn.org)

5 However, despite the growing movement to implement routine EHR-integrated assessments of PROs in oncology, there has been little consideration of how these assessments should interface with palliative care and how they can be leveraged to deploy timely referrals for the patients who need them most during cancer treatment and across the survivorship continuum. (jnccn.org)
The well-documented growing shortage of palliative care providers also makes it highly unlikely that this approach is broadly scalable across oncology settings. (jnccn.org)

Many RAND studies are published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, as chapters in commercial books, or as documents published by other organizations. (rand.org)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of lavender oil on sleep quality and vital signs in palliative care patients. (karger.com)
Lavender has no effect on the vital signs of palliative care patients but is an effective and reliable approach to enhance their sleep quality. (karger.com)
Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. (plos.org)
The Ontario Palliative Care Competency Framework describes the knowledge, personal attributes and skills that providers need to deliver high-quality palliative care in Ontario. (werpn.com)

The discussion includes a number of journals cited, as well as ethical papers, and the opinions of several medical professors. (nursingassistantguides.com)
The reviewer should following these guidelines for reviewing papers for this journal. (oap-journals.info)

Diseases10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology18

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations28

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena16

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities7

Information Science60

Named Groups6

Health Care55

Publication Characteristics1

Geographicals5

Considering palliative care1

Need for palliative care3

Center to Advance Palliative Care1

Benefit from palliative care1

Integration of palliative care2

Critical care and palliative3

Receive palliative care2

European Association for Palliative Care3

Gaps in palliative care2

Delivery of palliative care1

Receiving a palliative care1

Worked in Palliative medicine1

Inpatient palliative care3

Specialist palliative care1

Professionals in palliative1

Interdisciplinary4

Early palliative4

Medicine9

Nurses8

Practice5

Importantly1

Specialty3

Priorities3

Physicians5

20181

Nursing8

Hospice Care8

Examining the efficacy1

Neuropathic pain1

Clinicians2

Illness4

Pain11

Healthcare5

Neuroscience1

Patients with advanced heart failure1

20162

Existential1

Physician3

Multidisciplinary2

Life13

Clinical2

Hospitals7

Services5

Diagnosis3

Identifiers1

Terminally ill1

Goals1

Oncology2

Scholarly journals1

Quality4

Papers2