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Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-DimensionalElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelElectrophoresis, Agar GelComputersMolecular WeightMolecular Sequence DataGelsProteomicsAmino Acid SequenceBacterial ProteinsElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldElectrophoresisElectrophoresis, CapillaryDNA, BacterialBacterial Typing TechniquesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSequence Analysis, DNAPolymerase Chain ReactionPhylogenyAnti-Bacterial AgentsDNA FingerprintingVisual FieldsElectrophoresis, MicrochipBase SequenceSerotypingElectromagnetic FieldsElectrophoresis, Starch GelElectrophoresis, DiscGenotypeDrug Resistance, BacterialMolecular EpidemiologyIsoelectric FocusingRNA, Ribosomal, 16SPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthGenetic VariationSpecies SpecificityBlood Protein ElectrophoresisDenaturing Gradient Gel ElectrophoresisEscherichia coliElectrophoresis, Cellulose AcetateCluster AnalysisDrug Resistance, MicrobialGenes, BacterialRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueMagnetic FieldsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMolecular TypingKineticsbeta-LactamasesCattlePlasmidsVirulenceDisease OutbreaksMultilocus Sequence TypingStaphylococcus aureusPhenotypeStaphylococcal InfectionsChromatography, GelHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAmino AcidsDNA PrimersMutationSwineEnvironmental MicrobiologyEscherichia coli InfectionsCulture MediaNucleic Acid HybridizationRibotypingBacteriaFecesCloning, MolecularSoil MicrobiologyFood MicrobiologyIsoelectric PointCross InfectionRabbitsTemperatureWater MicrobiologyDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificChromatography, AffinityVisual Field TestsImmunoelectrophoresisChromatography, Ion ExchangeCell LineDNA, FungalDNAChickensMethicillin ResistanceSodium Dodecyl SulfateTime FactorsProteomeStreptococcus pneumoniaeSensitivity and SpecificitySubstrate SpecificityMycological Typing TechniquesPseudomonas aeruginosaAnti-Infective AgentsGenes, rRNAElectrophoresis, PaperStreptococcal Infections
PFGESalmonellaSerotypeAureusHousekeeping genesMolecularCharacterizationBacterialSubtypeColiRelatednessFood isolatesAntimicrobialToxinStrainCharacterizeSusceptibleIndistinguishableMRSAPhageGenomicInfectionsClonalOutbreakMLSTVirulenceCampylobacterLaboratorySpecimensMicroorganismsAntibiotic resistanceEpidemiologicalMulti-drug resiMacrorestrictionGenome sequenceIdenticalHumansMethodsTypingCronobacterKlebsiellaOrganismSurveillanceCulturesPredominantLaboratoriesClusterFragments
PFGE31
  • Geographic comparison of predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of Bordetella pertussis isolates, United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, the characteristics of A. otitidis isolates from patients with OME were investigated via Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) typing method. (ac.ir)
  • All of the 15 isolates were typed by PFGE method and were found to include 13 different PFGE types. (ac.ir)
  • Ohio increased the capacity for conducting DNA fingerprinting using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (cdc.gov)
  • Before FoodCORE, less than 50% of the Salmonella isolates received underwent PFGE analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • From 2009 through 2015, the Ohio Department of Health Laboratory increased the number of Salmonella isolates subtyped by PFGE each year from 702 to over 1,400 isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health investigators used DNA "fingerprints" of Salmonella bacteria obtained through diagnostic testing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE, to identify cases of illness that may be part of this outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is performed to subtype isolates of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella sp. (in.gov)
  • According to MLST and PFGE analysis, these isolates were separated into 4 and 28 genotypes, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed on 13 of the 17 case isolates. (cirp.org)
  • MMWR reported today: In August 2014, PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections with an indistinguishable pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern (XbaI PFGE pattern JJPX01.0061). (justia.com)
  • Isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after extraction of DNA and digestion of the extract with Smal (7) . (canada.ca)
  • Subtyping of outbreak-associated isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed two similar but distinct Asc I PFGE patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-throughput pyrosequencing of two L. monocytogenes isolates was used to rapidly provide the genome sequence of the primary outbreak strain and to investigate the extent of genetic diversity associated with a change of a single restriction enzyme fragment during PFGE. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a highly discriminative molecular typing technique that is used in epidemiological studies worldwide. (applied-maths.com)
  • PFGE is based upon the variable migration of large DNA restriction fragments in an electrical field of alternating polarity. (applied-maths.com)
  • Bacteriologic culture of fecal samples was performed, and Salmonella isolates were characterized by serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, and antimicrobial resistance profile. (avma.org)
  • Results -All Salmonella isolates from herd A were serovar Typhimurium var Copenhagen, had the same PFGE pattern, and were resistant to at least 9 antimicrobials. (avma.org)
  • All isolates from herd B were Salmonella Typhimurium, represented 2 PFGE patterns, and were susceptible to all antimicrobials evaluated. (avma.org)
  • The largest PFGE cluster contained 146 isolates, including DT104 isolates obtained from all seven animal species. (usda.gov)
  • By "evidence," I believe they mean identifying the outbreak strain of bacteria in a food source that is genetically identical to clinical isolates by Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Control measures to alleviate human infections require that food isolates be characterized and this was until recently carried out using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage typing as the main laboratory subtyping tools for use in demonstrating relatedness of isolates recovered from infected humans and the food source. (intechopen.com)
  • The Campylobacter isolated from the four lab-confirmed cases are a match by molecular techniques (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE). (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • In contrast, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is used to type MRSA clones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As required by North Carolina reportable disease laws, clinical laboratories submitted E. coli O157:H7 isolates to the state Laboratory for Public Health (LPH) for confirmation, toxin assay, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular subtyping. (marlerblog.com)
  • Two hundred seventy-six RTE food-associated S. aureus isolates were collected from 25 provinces across China in 2018, then characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence factors detecting, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, SCCmec typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (phys.org)
  • Altogether 156 P. larvae isolates from honey or brood samples supplied by 114 beekeepers were analysed by Not I pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and biotyping, as well as for tetracycline resistance. (apidologie.org)
  • The California Department of Public Health Microbial Diseases Laboratory (MDL) was asked to prioritize Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) testing of E. coli isolates from San Francisco and the surrounding counties. (marlerclark.com)
  • Both the human- and canine- derived campylobacters were tested for relatedness via speciation, antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (who.int)
  • The surveillance and study of outbreaks of the FBD through pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a fundamental support for epidemiological research. (bvsalud.org)
Salmonella11
  • 107 Notes from the Field: Salmonella Bredeney Infections for renal or other unusual toxicities in users of SC products and Linked to a Brand of Peanut Butter -- United States, 2012 should ask about SC use in cases of unexplained AKI. (cdc.gov)
  • The genus Salmonella is named after Daniel E. Salmon, an American veterinarian who first isolated Salmonella choleraesuis from pigs with hog cholera in 1884. (medscape.com)
  • Salmonellae can be isolated in the microbiology laboratory using numerous low-selective media (MacConkey agar, deoxycholate agar), intermediate-selective media ( Salmonella-Shigella [SS] agar, Hektoen [HE] agar), and highly selective media (selenite agar with brilliant green). (medscape.com)
  • Fewer than 1% of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates are lactose-positive (pink on MacConkey agar), but most produce hydrogen sulfide, which is detectable on HE or SS agar. (medscape.com)
  • Salmonellosis is caused by all nontyphoid serotypes of the Salmonella genus except for S typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, B, and C. Salmonellosis-causing serotypes are isolated from humans and animals, including livestock. (medscape.com)
  • Salmonella isolates displayed resistance most often to streptomycin (63%), tetracycline (61%), ampicillin (61%), and to a lesser extent, chloramphenicol (36%), ceftiofur (15%), gentamicin (9%), and nalidixic acid (4%), with more resistance observed among diagnostic isolates. (usda.gov)
  • Salmonella of turkey origin (n=38) exhibited the highest rates of resistance, with 92% of isolates resistant to least one antimicrobial, and 60% resistant to greater than or equal to 10 antimicrobials. (usda.gov)
  • The strains of Salmonella Bareilly isolated from case-patients were genetic matches to one another. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • Genetic fingerprinting of the Salmonella Newport isolates from case-patients showed that they had a genetically identical strain of this bacteria. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • In February, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services officials identified six isolates of Salmonella Saintpaul. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • The outbreak serotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype of Salmonella were isolated from product in each outbreak. (barfblog.com)
Serotype2
  • S enterica is preferred over confusing name S choleraesuis , which is also the name of a commonly isolated serotype. (medscape.com)
  • A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)
Aureus6
  • Antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus has increased dramatically, particularly in the hospital, where the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the appearance of S. aureus isolates with resistance to vancomycin have led to concern that this organism may become untreatable with currently available antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • A tube coagulase test using rabbit plasma with EDTA was then performed on Staphaurex-negative isolates from BAP with morphology consistent with S. aureus and Staphaurex-positive isolates with morphology inconsistent with S. aureus (non-hemolytic). (cdc.gov)
  • Staphaurex-positive isolates and Staphaurex-negative tube coagulase-positive isolates were identified as S. aureus and saved for further testing. (cdc.gov)
  • S. aureus isolates were screened for methicillin resistance following the NCCLS disk diffusion method. (cdc.gov)
  • MRSA), intermediate to OX, and every 10th isolate sensitive to OX [i.e., methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)] by disk diffusion were saved for additional testing of organism characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 119S S. aureus strains were isolated from clinical specimens and the mec A gene was detected by PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Housekeeping genes2
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a technique in molecular biology for the typing of multiple loci, using DNA sequences of internal fragments of multiple housekeeping genes to characterize isolates of microbial species. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Despite MLST providing high discriminatory power, the accumulation of nucleotide changes in housekeeping genes is a relatively slow process and the allelic profile of a bacterial isolate is sufficiently stable over time for the method to be ideal for global epidemiology. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular3
  • This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and associated molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated from calves. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of S. dysenteriae isolates from cattle farms in Gansu, China. (researchsquare.com)
  • We find applications both in the biophysical/molecular biology field and in the industrial area. (lu.se)
Characterization3
  • Detection of the mec A gene and classification of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) permit the characterization of MRSA strains isolated from infections caused by these microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterobacter sakazakii) in Argentina: characterization and subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterobacter sakazakii) in Argentina: characterization and subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis / First clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial4
  • With FoodCORE funding, ODH established centralized interviewing and increased laboratory testing of bacterial isolates, which improved the state's capacity to respond to foodborne outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Only pure viable cultures of clinically significant bacterial isolates are accepted. (in.gov)
  • Our results show that although pOXA-48_K8 produced an overall reduction in bacterial fitness, it produced small effects in most bacterial hosts, and even beneficial effects in several isolates. (nature.com)
  • This was an observational descriptive retrospective study with convenience sampling in which 778 bacterial isolates causing FBD were studied. (bvsalud.org)
Subtype1
  • The procedure is useful for identifying the subtype designation of an isolate, for defining the population structure of the organism as well as for surveillance and outbreak detection. (intechopen.com)
Coli6
  • The aim of this project was to use Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to increase our understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of E. coli O157 isolates from Scotland. (food.gov.uk)
  • The main findings were that VTEC isolates from clinical, cattle and sheep appear to be distributed throughout the phylogeny of E. coli O157. (food.gov.uk)
  • In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strains isolated from minks were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
  • Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. (hindawi.com)
  • On August 28, 2013, a Health Alert was sent to local clinicians notifying them of the observed increase in cases, recommending increased testing for symptomatic patients, reminding them of the reporting requirement, and requesting forwarding of E. coli O157 isolates to the SFDPH Public Health Laboratory. (marlerclark.com)
Relatedness6
  • In the final analysis step of MLST, the relatedness of isolates are made by comparing allelic profiles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relatedness of isolates is displayed as a dendrogram constructed using the matrix of pairwise differences between their allelic profiles, eBURST or a minimum spanning tree (MST). (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternatively, the relatedness of isolates can also be analysed with MultiLocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA). (wikipedia.org)
  • The availability of whole genome information enables a number of methods to be applied that can be used to characterise the particular isolate and to determine the genetic relatedness of isolates. (food.gov.uk)
  • The tools have now given way to whole genome sequencing which provides a full and comprehensive genetic attributes of an organism and a very attractive and superior tool for defining an isolate and for inferring genetic relatedness among isolates. (intechopen.com)
  • A comparative phylogenomic analysis of isolates of choice provides both a visual appreciation of relatedness as well as quantifiable estimates of genetic distance. (intechopen.com)
Food isolates2
  • The distribution of these traits was assessed within further clinical, environmental and food isolates associated with the outbreak, and this comparison indicated that three distinct, but highly related strains may have been involved in this nationwide outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the widespread occurrence of L. monocytogenes , subtyping of clinical and food isolates is required to establish epidemiologic links during routine surveillance, outbreak investigations, and for source tracking. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial3
  • According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) of S. dysenteriae isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • Copenhagen) isolates obtained from either animal diagnostic specimens (n=199) or food animals after slaughter/processing (n=389) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of class-1 integrons, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. (usda.gov)
  • Results: Seventy-six percent (448/588) of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. (usda.gov)
Toxin2
  • The association between shigatoxin genes and phage types indicates that these isolates have a different evolutionary history compared with other toxin types. (food.gov.uk)
  • Sixty percent (18/30) of the MRSA isolates harbored multiple toxin genes. (phys.org)
Strain4
  • The large number of potential alleles at each of the loci provides the ability to distinguish billions of different allelic profiles, and a strain with the most common allele at each locus would only be expected to occur by chance approximately once in 10,000 isolates. (wikipedia.org)
  • By comparing the fingerprints of any two isolates, one can investigate if they belong to the same strain (i.e. the two isolates are clonal) or if they are genetically unrelated. (applied-maths.com)
  • For strain typing, an optical map of the isolate of interest can be generated in about 24 hours, compared to the days or weeks that it would take with next-generation sequencing-based methods. (genomeweb.com)
  • In addition, OpGen's technology "gives you much more distinguishing features and gives you the ability to identify down to the strain in an isolate level," unlike pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which White said is the gold standard method for separating DNA molecules. (genomeweb.com)
Characterize2
  • Accordingly, additional subtyping methods are required to better characterize outbreak isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to detect and characterize MRSA isolated from clinical specimens of children hospitalized in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of the University Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School. (biomedcentral.com)
Susceptible3
  • All the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and fluoroquinolones. (ac.ir)
  • One S. epidermidis and one S. haemolyticus isolates were resistant to teicoplanin and susceptible to vancomycin. (scielo.br)
  • All isolates were susceptible to tetracycline. (apidologie.org)
Indistinguishable1
MRSA3
  • Recently, ST130 MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis has been found to carry a novel mecA gene that eludes detection by conventional PCR tests. (frontiersin.org)
  • All isolates were confirmed to be MRSA by detection of the mec A gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (5) . (canada.ca)
  • Thirteen sequence types, as well as 13 spa and four SCCmec types were found among 30 MRSA isolates. (phys.org)
Phage1
Genomic3
  • Notably, these two isolates were found to harbor a 50 kbp putative mobile genomic island encoding translocation and efflux functions that has not been observed in other Listeria genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The scientific knowledge and capacity in the field of genomic sequencing has been continuously developed during the last two decades. (biomerieux.com)
  • It is a technique by which genomic DNA is isolated from the organism of interest followed by restriction enzyme analysis. (neeri.res.in)
Infections2
  • Similar ST130 strains have been isolated from human infections in UK, Denmark, and Germany at low frequency. (frontiersin.org)
  • Analysis of subsequent isolates from 25 beekeepers usually showed persistence of the infection in the apiaries, but in six cases unrelated infections emerged. (apidologie.org)
Clonal1
  • Clinical isolates of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori display a high level of genetic macro- and microheterogeneity, featuring a panmictic, rather than clonal structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Outbreak2
  • One area that the company is focusing on is using the technology to arrive at high resolution analysis of an isolate and then using that data to compare the isolate with others that are associated with a public health outbreak. (genomeweb.com)
  • Shoe-leather epidemiologists (the name is used to describe applied epidemiology performed mostly in the field, outside of an office, or "wearing a hole in one's shoe soles") work in local and state health departments and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and conduct outbreak investigations to try to find that smoking gun. (foodsafetynews.com)
MLST1
  • MLST analysis showed that 32 sequence types (STs) were identified, while ST46 was the predominant genotype among all isolates. (hindawi.com)
Virulence1
  • The technology also provides enough granularity to determine whether there are specific motifs within the isolate that may be associated with virulence or antibiotic resistance, White said. (genomeweb.com)
Campylobacter2
Laboratory2
  • The Mycology Laboratory offers identification services pertaining to all approved clinical, reference, and environmental isolates. (in.gov)
  • State law requires laboratories to submit isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the Mycobacteriology laboratory for confirmation and susceptibility testing. (in.gov)
Specimens1
  • Obtain approval to submit isolates or specimens by calling IDOH Surveillance and Investigation at (317) 233-7125. (in.gov)
Microorganisms1
  • These data indicated the heterogeneity of the CoNS isolates, suggesting that horizontal dissemination of these microorganisms in the investigated hospital was not frequent. (scielo.br)
Antibiotic resistance2
  • In this study, we determined the fitness effects of the major antibiotic resistance plasmid pOXA-48_K8 in wild-type, ecologically compatible enterobacterial isolates from the human gut microbiota. (nature.com)
  • Conclusions: Results indicate that integron-mediated antibiotic resistance is common among S. Typhimurium isolates, and that multi-drug resistant clones are widespread among diagnostic and slaughter/processing samples. (usda.gov)
Epidemiological1
  • BIONUMERICS uses industry leading database engines that allow you to store all your epidemiological info and gel images in one database. (applied-maths.com)
Multi-drug resi1
  • 73 (26.4%) isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). (phys.org)
Macrorestriction1
  • A variety of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis profiles was observed by macrorestriction DNA analysis in S. epidermidis isolates, but two of three S. haemolyticus isolates presented the same profile. (scielo.br)
Genome sequence1
  • This project is a pilot which has used genome sequence on a selection of isolates primarily from the Grampian Region of Scotland. (food.gov.uk)
Identical1
  • All 13 case isolates were identical. (cirp.org)
Humans2
  • Shigella is one of the major pathogens that causes diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.1,2 Since the first highly toxigenic species, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1898,3 four species has been described in Shigella genus, and each subgroup can be divided into multiple subtypes according to biochemical and serological properties. (researchsquare.com)
  • isolated from humans by restriction fragment length polymorphism, real‐time PCR and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. (degruyter.com)
Methods1
  • The isolates were identified to the species level as A. otitidis using standard biochemical methods, following which the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were carried out. (ac.ir)
Typing1
  • Typing of contemporary isolates from one beekeeper revealed the presence of the same infection in distant apiaries, thus indicating that the spread of infection was through apicultural practices instead of neighbourhood. (apidologie.org)
Cronobacter1
  • First clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. (bvsalud.org)
Klebsiella1
Organism1
  • Objective: Alloiococcus otitidis is a slow growing organism which has been isolated in a few studies on patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). (ac.ir)
Surveillance1
  • Given the increased common emergence of multidrug resistant isolates, uninterrupted surveillance will be necessary to understand the actual epidemic burden and control this infection. (researchsquare.com)
Cultures1
  • Sur 1 216 prélèvements recueillis sur les surfaces, matériel et solutions antiseptiques de différentes salles d'opération en 2001 et 2002, le taux de cultures positives était de 3,7 % en 2001 et de 4,0 % en 2002. (who.int)
Predominant3
  • A) Predominant profiles in Massachusetts and Minnesota compared with isolates from other states, 2000-2012. (cdc.gov)
  • B) Predominant profiles in Vermont and Washington compared with isolates from other states, 2012. (cdc.gov)
  • The predominant sequence type was ST13 (65.3%, 32/49) which had been isolated from dairy products imported from 6 countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Laboratories1
  • Pathology laboratories throughout Queensland refer meningococcal isolates to Queensland Health Scientific Services (QHSS), Brisbane, for confirmation of the serogrouping and for further phenotypic characterisation. (health.gov.au)
Cluster1
  • The pilot study has also shown that the sequenced Scottish VTEC isolates cluster across a global phylogeny indicating that VTEC diversity is spread worldwide. (food.gov.uk)
Fragments1
  • DNA fragments are separated during electrophoresis using an electrical field of alternating polarity, after which the fingerprints are visualized and documented. (applied-maths.com)